scholarly journals The History and Current Status of Surgery in the Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Čoček

The roots of surgery of the larynx reach into the 19th century. After the gaining of initial experiences, a period of radical surgery followed when most tumours were treated with a total laryngectomy. The middle of the 20th century can be characterised as a period of partial laryngectomies. The mutilation of patients caused by a total laryngectomy was and is one of the main impulses that led to the development of the current phase – combined treatment (radiotherapy, systematic cytostatic chemotherapy, biological treatment, surgery as an emergency treatment). The aim is to treat carcinoma of the larynx without the actual removal of the larynx itself and with the same oncological results as would be reached in cases treated with a total laryngectomy. Despite the development of non-surgical methods, surgery of carcinoma of the larynx remains a significant part of the treatment protocol. This work covers the development of surgery of carcinoma of the larynx from a historical point of view; it also describes current types of operations and discusses the position of surgery in today’s treatment algorithm.

Author(s):  
ILYA GULYAKIN

Modern medicine has achieved significant results in the development of techniques to avoid surgeries. However, surgical methods are still one of the main tools for treating pathologies in the human body. Plastic surgery and cosmetology are gaining popularity every year, and sports injuries require the use of combined treatment methods, but any such intervention leads to the risk of keloids. The younger the person, the higher the likelihood of developing a keloid, due to the high degree of elasticity of the skin at an earlier age, which is prone to scarring than in older people. Women are at higher risk of developing keloids than men because their skin is more elastic. Thus, children and young women are most at risk of keloid formation, both as a result of physiological processes of skin scarring and preference for plastic surgery, cosmetic procedures and other methods of correction. In world pharmaceutical practice, there are not enough existing ways to prevent the development of keloid. It is necessary to conduct research on the selection of a fundamentally new structural basis for a transdermal therapeutic system containing the most effective and safe compounds of the regenerating and antioxidant mechanisms of action (vitamins and other biologically active compounds) from the point of view of preventing the formation of keloids, which will help in solving the problem of not only preventing the formation of keloids in the dermis, but also its subsequent growth and exit to the surface layers of the skin.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kugushev ◽  
A. V. Lopatin ◽  
S. A. Yasonov ◽  
D. S. Sinitsyn

Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the jaw (DSO) is a rare and poorly understood disease. Nowadays treatment protocols (steroid or painkillers, corticotomy) do not capable of to get good and stabile results or are associated with the development of potentially serious side effects. The treatment algorithm developed by us, including the course treatment with bisphosphonates, was well tolerated and capable of to get clinical and radiological remission in the case of previous decortication and antibacterial therapy was done. For these reasons, this treatment protocol is not without interest and need of further investigates. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Russian Children's Clinical Hospital.


Slovo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol How to think of literary... ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Juvan

International audience The article interprets literary history as a discourse involved in the identity policies of nations. From this point of view, the author presents the relations between national and comparative literary history in Slovenia. The paper outlines the origin and development of both disciplines, especially with regard to their implicit or explicit ideological underpinnings–cultural nationalism and cosmopolitanism. Until the end of the 20th century, national literary history as a “great genre” has interiorized the 19th century thrust of cultural nationalism, which also marked the institutionalization of literary historiography as a university discipline after 1919. Even though comparative literature has countered the apparently autarkic national conceptions of literary and cultural development, it produced another kind of “master narratives” through which it affirmed national identity–by providing records on the participation of Slovene literature in the “general European” currents and developmental stages. In this context, the article draws attention to the problem of belatedness of so‑called small literatures, especially in relation to the world literary system. In conclusion, the article addresses current dilemmas of literary historiography in Slovenia, which are partly specific (reticence to attempts to “reform” the discipline) and partly connected with the changes of literature and literary studies in the era of postmodern and globalization. Cet article interprète l’histoire littéraire comme un discours impliqué dans les politiques identitaires des nations. De ce point de vue, l’auteur présente les relations entre l’histoire littéraire nationale et l’histoire littéraire comparée en Slovénie. Sont ainsi mis en lumière l’origine et le développement de ces deux disciplines, en particulier en ce qui concerne leurs fondements idéologiques implicites ou explicites : le nationalisme culturel et le cosmopolitisme. Jusqu’à la fin du xxe siècle, l’histoire littéraire nationale en tant que « grand genre » a intériorisé l’élan du nationalisme culturel du xixe siècle, qui a également marqué l’institutionnalisation de l’historiographie littéraire comme discipline universitaire après 1919. Bien que la littérature comparée ait contré les conceptions nationales apparemment autarciques du développement littéraire et culturel, elle a produit un autre type de « récits maîtres » à travers lesquels elle a affirmé l’identité nationale – en fournissant des documents sur la participation de la littérature slovène aux courants et aux stades de développement « européens généraux ». Dans ce contexte, l’article attire l’attention sur le problème de la tardiveté de ce que l’on appelle les petites littératures, en particulier par rapport au système littéraire mondial. En conclusion, l’article aborde les dilemmes actuels de l’historiographie littéraire en Slovénie, qui sont en partie spécifiques (réticence aux tentatives de « réforme » de la discipline) et en partie liés aux changements de la littérature et des études littéraires à l’ère postmoderne et de la mondialisation. Literarna zgodovina je v tem članku obravnavana kot diskurz, vpleten v identitetne politike narodov. S tega vidika so predstavljena razmerja med nacionalno in primerjalno literarno zgodovino na Slovenskem. Orisan je nastanek in razvoj obeh disciplin, zlasti glede na njuni implicitni ali eksplicitni ideološki podlagi – kulturni nacionalizem in kozmopolitizem. Nacionalne literarne zgodovine kot »veliki žanr« so vse do konca 20. stol. ohranile izvorno podlago kulturnega nacionalizma, značilno za 19. stol. in začetno fazo univerzitetne institucionalizacije te discipline. Toda tudi primerjalna književnost, ki je vsaj od srede 30. let 20. stol. polemizirala z avtarkičnimi pojmovanji slovenskega literarnega in kulturnega razvoja, je oblikovala svoje velike pripovedi, ki pa nacionalno identiteto afirmirajo drugače – prek evidenc o udeleženosti slovenske literature v »splošnoevropskih« tokovih in razvojnih stopnjah. V tem kontekstu članek opozarja na problem zamudništva t. i. malih literatur, zlasti v razmerju do svetovnega literarnega sistema. Na koncu so nakazane aktualne dileme literarnega zgodovinopisja na Slovenskem, ki so deloma specifične (zadržanost do poskusov »reformiranja« stroke), deloma pa povezane s spremembami, ki zadevajo literaturo in vedo o njej v dobi postmoderne in globalizacije.


2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Manchala S Reddy ◽  
Shishir R Shetty ◽  
Raghavendra M Shetty ◽  
Venkataramana Vannala ◽  
Shakeel S Khazi ◽  
...  

From a periodontal point of view, various factors contribute to facial aesthetics. In the recent past, studies have revealed that excessive gingival display is a factor that influences an individual’ smile line. Some literature exists to support that more than excessive gingival display of more than 3mm is considered unaesthetic and termed a ‘gummy smile’ (GS). The prevalence of 'gummy smile’ has been 10% and to be more common in females. Gingival hyperplasia altered passive eruption, vertical maxillary excess, and upper-lip hypermobility can all result in excessive gingival display when a patient smile.To select the correct treatment protocol, accurate diagnosis is essential. Various techniques have been used to treat gummy smile which includes surgical and non-surgical methods. Recently a non-surgical method using Botulinum toxin gained popularity considering that the method is minimally invasive.


Author(s):  
N. V. Bashmakova ◽  
K. V. Kravchenko

The purpose of this article is process of analyzing in reference to concert capriccio by C. Munier for mandolin with piano («Bizzarria», op. 201, Spanish сapriccio, op. 276) from the point of view of their genre specificity. Methodology. The research is based on the historical approach, which determines the specifics of the genre of Capriccio in the music of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in the work of C. Munier; the computational and analytical methods used to identify the peculiarities of the formulation and the performing interpretation of the original concert pianos for mandolins with piano that, according to the genre orientation (according to the composerʼs remarks), are defined as capriccio. Scientific novelty. The creation of Florentine composer,61mandolinist-vertuoso and pedagog C. Munier, which made about 300 compositions, is exponential for represented scientific vector. Concert works by C. Munier for mandolin and piano, created in the capriccio genre, were not yet considered in the art of the outdoors, as the creativity and composer’s style of the famous mandolinist. Conclusions. Thus, appealing to capriccio by С. Munier, which created only two works, embodied in them virtually all the evolutionary stages of the development of genre. In his opus of this genre there are a vocal, inherent in capriccio of the 17th century solo presentation, virtuosity, originality, which were embodied in the works of 17th – 18th centuries and the national color of the 19th century is clearly expressed. Thus, the Spanish capriccio is a kind of «musical encyclopedia» of national dance, which features are characteristic features of bolero, tarantella, habanera, and so forth. The originality of opus number 201 – «Bizzarria», is embodied in the parameters of shaping (expanded cadence of the soloist in the beginning) and emphasized virtuosity, which is realized in a wide register range, a variety of technical elements.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Julio Chávez-Galarza ◽  
Ruth López-Montañez ◽  
Alejandra Jiménez ◽  
Rubén Ferro-Mauricio ◽  
Juan Oré ◽  
...  

Mitochondrial DNA variations of Peruvian honey bee populations were surveyed by using the tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region. Only two studies have characterized these populations, indicating the presence of Africanized honey bee colonies in different regions of Peru and varied levels of Africanization, but the current status of its genetic diversity is unknown. A total of 512 honey bee colonies were sampled from three regions to characterize them. Our results revealed the presence of European and African haplotypes: the African haplotypes identified belong to sub-lineage AI (13) and sub-lineage AIII (03), and the European haplotypes to lineages C (06) and M (02). Of 24 haplotypes identified, 15 new sequences are reported here (11 sub-lineage AI, 2 sub-lineage AIII, and 2 lineage M). Peruvian honey bee populations presented a higher proportion from African than European haplotypes. High proportions of African haplotype were reported for Piura and Junín, unlike Lima, which showed more European haplotypes from lineage C. Few colonies belonging to lineage M would represent accidental purchase or traces of the introduction into Peru in the 19th century.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Qayumi

The aim of this paper is to provide an analytical survey of the information available on the development of past and present surgical techniques, and to make projections for the future. For the purposes of this paper, the <em>Past</em> starts in the Neolithic period and ends in the 1800s. In this context, I have divided the <em>Past</em> into <em>Prehistoric</em>, <em>Ancient</em> and <em>Middle Ages</em>, and this period ends in the second half of the 19th century when the major obstacles to the further development of surgery, such as overcoming pain and infection, were removed. We will discuss the development of surgical techniques, and the obstacles and opportunities prevalent in these periods. In the context of this paper, the <em>Present</em> begins in 1867, when Louis Pasteur discovered microorganisms, and ends in the present day. There have been many important changes in the development of surgical techniques during this period, such as the transfer of surgery from the unsterile operating room to the modern hospital operating theater, the development of advanced and specialized surgical practices, such as transplants and laparoscopy, and minimally invasive surgical methods, robotic and Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery. It is very difficult to foresee how surgical techniques will develop in the <em>Future</em> because of the unpredictable nature of technological progress. Therefore, in this paper, the forecast for the <em>Future</em> is limited to the next 50- 100 years and is a realistic calculation based on already existing technologies. In this context, the <em>Future</em> is divided into the development of surgical techniques that will develop in the <em>near</em> and <em>distant</em> future. It is anticipated that this overview will shed light on the historical perspective of surgical techniques and stimulate interest in their further development.


Author(s):  
Hirotake Kobayashi ◽  
Tetsuo Tatsumi ◽  
Takashi Nakashima ◽  
Isashi Takehara ◽  
Yoshihiro Ichikawa

In Japan, from the point of view of energy saving and environmental protection, a 300kW Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT) Research and Development program started in 1988 and is still continuing as a part of “the New Sunshine Project” promoted by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITT). The final target of the program is to achieve 42% thermal efficiency at 1350°C of turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and to keep NOx emissions below present national regulations. Under contract to the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI) has been developing the CGT302 with Kyocera Corporation and Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. By the end of the fiscal year 1996, the CGT302 achieved 37.0% thermal efficiency at 1280°C of TIT. In 1997, TIT reached 1350°C and a durability operation for 20 hours at 1350°C was conducted successfully. Also fairly low NOx was proved at 1300°C of TIT. In January 1998, the CGT302 has achieved 37.4% thermal efficiency at 1250°C TIT. In this paper, we will describe our approaches to the target performance of the CGT302 and current status.


2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen de Casso ◽  
Nicholas J. Slevin ◽  
Jarrod J. Homer

Objectives Quality of life studies have shown no detrimental effect with radiotherapy (RT) in patients who have a total laryngectomy. We wished to determine the effect of RT (initial or postoperative) specifically on the swallowing and voice function in patients treated by total laryngectomy (TL) for carcinoma of the larynx. Design Multicenter chart review. Setting Multicenter study in the Greater Manchester and Lancashire area. Participants A total of 121 postlaryngectomy patients all of whom had completed definitive treatment at least 6 months before this study. Twenty-six patients had total laryngectomy as a single modality treatment and 95 had total laryngectomy and radiotherapy. Main Outcome Measures Swallowing (solid food, soft diet or fluid/PEG) and voice development. Results Swallowing was better in the group who had no radiotherapy ( P = 0.0037). There was no difference in voice function between the two groups. We also demonstrated that females had a worse swallowing outcome ( P = 0.0101), as did advanced nodal stage ( P = 0.001). Conclusions RT adversely affects the swallowing results but not the speech results after TL when given either as initial treatment or postoperatively. This should be kept in mind in the decision-making process in the treatment of patients with carcinoma of the larynx.


2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Irving Daniel Agustín Cruz

Globalization has become a trigger factor in international trade due to its role as an integral part of the world economy and social standardization in the context of technological, cultural and universal knowledge which allows free access to resource with minimal effort.  The study is a contribution to theories based on the Industry, the Dynamic Resources and Institutions; all around the Mexican Port System. Data was gathered using a qualitative approach of literature review about the current status of the ports and its global environment. The results were organized around the statement of the problem and research objective that guide the study. The results indicated that Manzanillo Port holds dynamic capabilities that increase its competitiveness in the global port industry as strategic locations, and its natural and human resources.


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