Ophiorrhiza, a promising herbaceous source of the anticancer compound camptothecin

Camptothecin is an important source for the synthesis of some of the major anti-cancer agents such as irinotecan and topotecan. Traditional source of camptothecin are prominently woody plants such as Camptotheca acuminata Decne. and Nothopodytes nimmoniana (Graham) Mabb., and the increasing demand for camptothecin leads to the level of threatening their existence. Ophiorrhiza species composed of herbaceous plants with quick growth characteristics which are reported as alternative source of camptothecin. The present review focus on taxonomical status, traditional uses, biological activities and phytochemical constituents with a special attention in bioproduction of camptothecin from Ophiorrhiza species and its future prospects.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE LEAVES OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA FROM MALAYSIA

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.11582 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 174 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohamed Zaky Zayed ◽

Benedict Samling

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Major Chemical

Objective: This study was conducted to identify the phytochemical constituents of Leucaena leucocephala leaf extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods: Hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol leaves extract of L. leucocephala were analyzed using GC-MS, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library.Results: GC-MS analysis of L. leucocephala leaves revealed the presence of 30 compounds and the major chemical constituents were Squalene (41.02%), Phytol (33.80%), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (30.86%) and 3,7,11-Tridecatrienenitrile, 4,8,12-trimethyl (25.64%). Some of these compounds have been reported to possess various biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antiparasitic, insecticide, nematicide, pesticide, anti coronary, antiarthritic, antiandrogenic, hypocholesterolemic, cancer preventive, anti-cancer, analgesic, anesthetic, allergenic and etc.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicating that L. leucocephala leaves possess various potent bioactive compounds and is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.

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Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities of Garcinia Dulcis (Clusiaceae): A Review

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200337 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nanthaphong Khamthong ◽

Nongporn Hutadilok-Towatana

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

History Of ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

History Of Use ◽

Review Current

Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz is a tropical fruit tree native to Southeast Asia where it has a long history of use as a traditional medicine for the treatment of ailments such as lymphatitis, parotitis, struma, scurvy, cough, and sore throat. Despite its medicinal values, this plant is not well known and rarely found nowadays. Research on the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of G. dulcis have demonstrated that various parts of the plant contain an abundance of bioactive compounds mainly xanthones and flavonoids, with significant pharmacological properties such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-hypertension, and anti-malarial. In the present review, current knowledge of the phytochemistry of G. dulcis and biological activities of its active constituents based on the available literature are summarized in order to explore application potentials and prospective research works on this plant.

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Genus Ophiorrhiza: A Review of Its Distribution, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Propagation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25112611 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 2611 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Taher ◽

Siti Syazwani Shaari ◽

Deny Susanti ◽

Dayar Arbain ◽

Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Traditional Uses ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Anticancer Compound

Almost 50 species of Ophiorrhiza plants were reviewed in this work and the main objective is to critically analyse their distribution, phytochemical content, biological activity, and propagation. Moreover, the information would be useful in promoting the relevant uses of the plant, especially in the medicinal fields based on in vitro and in vivo studies. To this end, scientific sources, including theses, PubMed, Google Scholar, International Islamic University Malaysia IIUM EBSCO, PubChem, and Elsevier, were accessed for publications regarding the Ophiorrhiza genus in this review. Scientific literature regarding the Ophiorrhiza plants revealed their wide distribution across Asia and the neighbouring countries, whereby they were utilised as traditional medicine to treat various diseases. In particular, various active compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, were reported in the plant. Furthermore, the Ophiorrhiza species showed highly diverse biological activities, such as anti-cancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, and more. The genus propagation reported could produce a high quality and quantity of potent anticancer compound, namely camptothecin (CPT). Hence, it is believed that the relevant uses of natural compounds present in the plants can replace the existing crop of synthetic anticancer drugs associated with a multitude of unbearable side effects. Additionally, more future studies on the Ophiorrhiza species should be undertaken to establish the links between its traditional uses, active compounds, and pharmacological activities reported.

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Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities of Panax vietnamensis (Vietnamese Ginseng): A Precious Ginseng and Call for Further Research-A systematic review

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801301036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Quang-Ung Le ◽

Horng-Liang Lay ◽

Ming-Chang Wu ◽

Thi Hong-Hanh Nguyen ◽

Duy-Lam Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Panax Ginseng ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Functional Attributes ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

The World ◽

Medicinal Food

Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., a Vietnamese ginseng, is a well-known plant, naturally distributed in the Ngoc Linh and Hoang Lien Son mountain areas in Vietnam. It is used as a tonic and medicinal food in traditional folk medicine because it possesses wondrous health benefits. To support its functional attributes, various investigations have been carried out to find out its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-stress, anti-nociception, psychomotor and sedative-hypnotic effects and anxiolytic activities. Also similar to other ginsengs, Vietnamese ginseng is a rich source of saponins and it has higher content of protopanaxadiol-, protopanaxatrial- and ocotillol-type saponins compared to other ginsengs in the world. Majonoside R2 is a main saponin in Vietnamese ginseng but this compound does not exist in Panax ginseng. Based on this systematic review, we discussed for future prospects and suggest that thorough scientific scrutiny is necessary in future researches.

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ANTICANCER EFFECT OF UVARIA GENUS

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2013.6.16 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 98-101

Author(s):

Thi Bich Hien Le ◽

Viet Duc Ho ◽

Thi Hoai Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Current Trend ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Cancer Therapies ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Anticancer Effect ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

Cancer Activity

Nowadays, cancer treatment has been a big challenge to healthcare systems. Most of clinical anti-cancer therapies are toxic and cause adverse effects to human body. Therefore, current trend in science is seeking and screening of natural compounds which possess antineoplastic activities to utilize in treatment. Uvaria L. - Annonaceae includes approximately 175 species spreading over tropical areas of Asia, Australia, Africa and America. Studies on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Uvaria showed that several compound classes in this genus such as alkaloid, flavonoid, cyclohexen derivaties, acetogenin, steroid, terpenoid, etc. indicate considerable biological activities, for example anti-tumor, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, etc. Specifically, anti-cancer activity of fractions of extract and pure isolated compounds stands out for cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines. This study provides an overview of anti-cancer activity of Uvaria and suggests a potential for further studies on seeking and developing novel anti-cancer compounds. Key words: Anti-cancer, Uvaria.

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Structure-Bioactivity Relationship Study of Xanthene Derivatives: A Brief Review

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179416666191017094908 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1071-1077

Author(s):

Aref G. Ghahsare ◽

Zahra S. Nazifi ◽

Seyed M.R. Nazifi

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Cyclic Compound ◽

Research Field ◽

Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Main Research ◽

Research Fields ◽

Xanthene Derivatives ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Heterocyclic Derivatives

: Over the last decades, several heterocyclic derivatives compounds have been synthesized or extracted from natural resources and have been tested for their pharmaceutical activities. Xanthene is one of these heterocyclic derivatives. These compounds consist of an oxygen-containing central heterocyclic structure with two more cyclic structures fused to the central cyclic compound. It has been shown that xanthane derivatives are bioactive compounds with diverse activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory as well as therapeutic effects on diabetes and Alzheimer. The anti-cancer activity of such compounds has been one of the main research fields in pharmaceutical chemistry. Due to this diverse biological activity, xanthene core derivatives are still an attractive research field for both academia and industry. This review addresses the current finding on the biological activities of xanthene derivatives and discussed in detail some aspects of their structure-activity relationship (SAR).

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Synthesis of Indolyl Pyrazole Scaffolds as Potential Anti-cancer Agents and their Molecular Modelling Studies

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery ◽

10.2174/1570180816666191024103534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 828-839

Author(s):

Ganga Reddy Gaddam ◽

Pramod Kumar Dubey ◽

Venkata Ramana Reddy Chittireddy

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Lung Cancer Cell ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

A549 Lung Cancer Cell ◽

New Chemical Entities ◽

Molecular Modelling Studies ◽

Modelling Studies ◽

A549 Lung

Background:: Indole and pyrazoles are one of the prime structural units in the field of medicinal chemistry and have been reported to exhibit a variety of biological activities specifically anti-cancer. In view of their medicinal significance, we synthesized a conjugate of the two moieties to get access to newer and potential anti-cancer agents. Methods: Indolyl pyrazoles [3-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbon yl)acrylonitriles] (4a-l) were synthesized by adopting simple and greener protocol and all the synthesized derivatives were docked against Bcl-2 protein and the selected chemical moieties were screened for their cytotoxicity by using the MTT assay. Results: : All the synthesized compounds were docked against BCL-2 protein in order to understand their binding pattern. Among the 12 compounds docked, 4d, 4f, 4h, 4j, and 4l compounds exhibited better protein binding interactions and the same were screened for their anti-cancer activity against A549 (lung) cancer cell lines at a concentration of 100 μM using Doxorubicin as standard. Substitutions such as N-benzyl, N-ethyl groups and halogen groups such as Br, Cl on indole ring showed moderate activity against A-549 cell lines. Conclusion:: Among the 5 indolyl pyrazole derivatives screened, compounds 4h and 4j showed significantly better activity with an IC50 of 33.12 and 34.24 μM, respectively. Further, structural tweaking of the synthesized new chemical entities may lead to potential hit/lead-like molecules.

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Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders and cancer: A Systematic Study of this Emerging Therapeutic Approach based on Chemical and Pharmacological Aspect

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery ◽

10.2174/1570180817999200421144007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1102-1116

Author(s):

Sudip Kumar Mandal ◽

Utsab Debnath ◽

Amresh Kumar ◽

Sabu Thomas ◽

Subhash Chandra Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Discovery ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Cancer Drug Discovery ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Drug Discovery Program ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Family Based

Background and Introduction: Sesquiterpene lactones are a class of secondary metabolite that contains sesquiterpenoids and lactone ring as pharmacophore moiety. A large group of bioactive secondary metabolites such as phytopharmaceuticals belong to this category. From the Asteraceae family-based medicinal plants, more than 5,000 sesquiterpene lactones have been reported so far. Sesquiterpene lactone-based pharmacophore moieties hold promise for broad-spectrum biological activities against cancer, inflammation, parasitic, bacterial, fungal, viral infection and other functional disorders. Moreover, these moiety based phytocompounds have been highlighted with a new dimension in the natural drug discovery program worldwide after the 2015 Medicine Nobel Prize achieved by the Artemisinin researchers. Objective: These bitter substances often contain an α, β-unsaturated-γ-lactone as a major structural backbone, which in recent studies has been explored to be associated with anti-tumor, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory action. Recently, the use of sesquiterpene lactones as phytomedicine has been increased. This study will review the prospect of sesquiterpene lactones against inflammation and cancer. Methods: Hence, we emphasized on the different features of this moiety by incorporating its structural diversity on biological activities to explore structure-activity relationships (SAR) against inflammation and cancer. Results: How the dual mode of action such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer has been exhibitedby these phytopharmaceuticals will be forecasted in this study. Furthermore, the correlation of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity executed by the sesquiterpene lactones for fruitful phytotherapy will also be revealed in the present review in the milieu of pharmacophore activity relation and pharmacodynamics study as well. Conclusion: So, these metabolites are paramount in phytopharmacological aspects. The present discussion on the future prospect of this moiety based on the reported literature could be a guide for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drug discovery programs for the upcoming researchers.

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Update on Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Rocaglate Derivatives from Aglaia Species

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1401-9562 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Garima Agarwal ◽

Long-Sheng Chang ◽

Djaja Doel Soejarto ◽

A. Douglas Kinghorn

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Protein Translation ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Translation Initiation Factor ◽

Initiation Factor ◽

Eukaryotic Translation ◽

Ability To Act ◽

Biological Studies ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

AbstractWith about 120 species, Aglaia is one of the largest genera of the plant family Meliaceae (the mahogany plants). It is native to the tropical rainforests of the Indo-Australian region, ranging from India and Sri Lanka eastward to Polynesia and Micronesia. Various Aglaia species have been investigated since the 1960s for their phytochemical constituents and biological properties, with the cyclopenta[b]benzofurans (rocaglates or flavaglines) being of particular interest. Phytochemists, medicinal chemists, and biologists have conducted extensive research in establishing these secondary metabolites as potential lead compounds with antineoplastic and antiviral effects, among others. The varied biological properties of rocaglates can be attributed to their unusual structures and their ability to act as inhibitors of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), affecting protein translation. The present review provides an update on the recently reported phytochemical constituents of Aglaia species, focusing on rocaglate derivatives. Furthermore, laboratory work performed on investigating the biological activities of these chemical constituents is also covered.

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Mangiferin as New Potential Anti-Cancer Agent and Mangiferin-Integrated Polymer Systems—A Novel Research Direction

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11010079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Svetlana N. Morozkina ◽

Thi Hong Nhung Vu ◽

Yuliya E. Generalova ◽

Petr P. Snetkov ◽

Mayya V. Uspenskaya

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Research Direction ◽

Biological Action ◽

The Body ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Polymer Systems ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Long Time ◽

Cancer Agent

For a long time, the pharmaceutical industry focused on natural biologically active molecules due to their unique properties, availability and significantly less side-effects. Mangiferin is a naturally occurring C-glucosylxantone that has substantial potential for the treatment of various diseases thanks to its numerous biological activities. Many research studies have proven that mangiferin possesses antioxidant, anti-infection, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular, neuroprotective properties and it also increases immunity. It is especially important that it has no toxicity. However, mangiferin is not being currently applied to clinical use because its oral bioavailability as well as its absorption in the body are too low. To improve the solubility, enhance the biological action and bioavailability, mangiferin integrated polymer systems have been developed. In this paper, we review molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer action as well as a number of designed polymer-mangiferin systems. Taking together, mangiferin is a very promising anti-cancer molecule with excellent properties and the absence of toxicity.

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