Poverty In Indonesia: Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Syech Idrus ◽  
Lia Rosida
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Rural Development Program ◽  
Health Need

This article critically review the information regarding poverty issues in Indonesia, by unravelling the causes and impacts of poverty and its aggregates comprising rural poverty, women and poverty, as well as other social indicators. This review article based on data provided in secondary resources shows that Asian Financial crisis in 2008 was regarded as the greatest intrusion of economic stability, rendering more adverse poverty incidences in Indonesia. Although Indonesia could slowly recover from the crisis, poverty remains problematic for certain groups and women in some particular areas especially rural areas. Moreover, despite several policies have been stipulated to deal with poverty such as Rural Development Program and Social Safety Net, some poverty elements related to social capital such as education, employment and health need to be improved. Thus, Indonesian government should pay more attention to improve the quality of the provisions and policies, assuring the beneficial contribution to Indonesian citizens’ welfare.

scholarly journals Impact of Public Spending on the Quality of Life in Rural Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Zannatul Fardoush
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
The Impact

Public spending is one of the most effective instruments in improving the quality of life as an entrenched goal of economic development. However, as the resources are limited, a better distribution would, therefore, require a thorough investigation regarding the impact analysis of public spending on actual development factors. This paper has examined the link between public expenditures in different sectors of economy and improvement in the quality of life through the channel of agricultural growth or rural development in Bangladesh and also throughs the education channel such as the school enrollments. A simultaneous equation model in the form of a 3-Stage Least Square (3SLS) technique has been used to explore the impacts of public spending. By using the data from 1982-2017, this study finds that public spending in education, health, social safety net, and agriculture has positive impacts on the quality of life advancement. A 1 percent increase in public spending in education would result in an increase in quality of life (proxied by life expectancy) by 0.182 percent on average, ceteris paribus. The public expenditure elasticities in health, social safety net, and agriculture on the quality of life are found as 0.05, 0.03, 0.04 respectively. The only concern is the spending in the transportation and communication sector which is probably due to the misallocation and mismanagement of available resources and funds into this sector. Hence, to grasp the agricultural and rural development, the government should continue to institutionalize the policies that support the education of the poor in rural areas.

scholarly journals Durable Rural Development Through the 2014 - 2020 National Rural Development Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lucian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Rural Development Program ◽  
Implied Contracts ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Village

AbstractRural Development Policy is a priority for the E.U., as half of the Union’s population lives in rural areas. This policy is focused on society’s durable development, under all its aspects: economic, social, cultural, and so on. The challenges which rural areas of member states face must be addressed, while at the same time applying European norms and standards for rural development. After Romania became a part of the E.U., rural areas here were supported through several national rural development programs, so as to create a durable and sustainable rural economy. Major changes are required to achieve this kind of development, such as replacing old agricultural structures, modernizing the village, while at the same time maintaining cultural and local identity. Rural areas in Romania are often affected by natural disasters. During the last 17 years, national rural development programs implied contracts worth billions of Euros. For instance, through the 2020 NRDP, a budget of 9.5 billion Euros was allocated, 8.1 billion Euros coming from E.U. funding and 1.34 billion Euros as national cofinancing. At the moment, Romania’s absorption degree for the 2020 NRDP is of 20% and is expected to surpass 50% by 2020. Another regional program includes the concept of Spatial Development - Romania - 2025. Spatial planning supports the avoidance of rural dispersion. The betterment of infrastructure is supported, such as access roads, expanding base utilities, consolidated works to prevent flooding or landslides, and so on.

scholarly journals Identyfikacja sposobów implementacji II filaru WPR w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pawłowski ◽  
Wawrzyniec Czubak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Time Range ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rural Development Program ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

The 2nd pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy plays a very significant role in shaping the image of a modern, European village. It’s impact on the development of agriculture and rural areas seems to be obvious, for example because of the place it occupies in the structure of the European Union budget. However, it’s very important to precisely determine the effects of its implementation. Therefore, in this article the main goal was to show the reasons for diversifying the implementation of the Rural Development Program 2007–2013 in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Against the background of differences in the economic and production situation of the agricultural sector, the design of the Programs was evaluated and it’s impact on changes in the agricultural sectors of these countries was compared. To show the impact of the funds of the second pillar of the CAP, the time range presenting changes in agriculture covers the years before and after integration. Based on them, a comparison of the implemented activities and the structure of their financing has been made.

Romanian Agriculture Funding

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-184
Author(s):  
Ancuta Marin
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Rural Development Program

Romania's EU integration has determined major economic changes, including the transition to a functional market economy which meant the existence of a competitive environment, free commercial exchanges, and free movement of people, capital, and services. To solve the existent delays, Romania has benefit from the European Community's funds for investment in agriculture and rural areas through the financial mechanism which assures non-reimbursable funds for farmers, private societies, and local authorities. Without claiming that we are exhausting the issue of financing in Romanian agriculture, the topic addressed brings some issues regarding the financing under the National Rural Development Program (NRDP) and the possible explanations of the low absorption rate of these funds. NRDP is a program which allow people to access non-reimbursable funds from EU and Romanian Government for economic and social development of the rural area.

Do Social Safety Net Policies Reduce Poverty in Bangladesh? Understanding Perception of State Philosophy in Swimming across the Tide

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apu Deb ◽  
Masum Alam ◽  
Mohammad Jewel Islam ◽  
Muhammad Muklisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
The People ◽  
Content Analysis Method

Bangladesh is a populated country and most of the people live below the poverty line. After the independence of Bangladesh in 1980s safety net programmes has been adopted to reduce poverty from Bangladesh. At present 30 social safety net programmes are now operation in Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to find challenges ahead to implement Social Safety Net (SSN) programmes that initiated to reduce poverty at rural areas specially. The article is based on content analysis method and secondary data has been used to conduct the study. The study found that there is various weakness in social safety net policies. There is lack of integration and coordination among different safety net programmes and providers. Political stability is one of the great obstacle to fulfill the ultimate goal of safety net programmes. The extent, nature and mechanism of safety net programs change with the change of government. Besides this, corruption, shortage of budget etc hinder the implementation of safety net programmes. However, high political commitment, increase allocation, better targeting beneficiary, involvement of NGOs, civil society, monitoring and overseeing, reduction of corruption should be ensured.  

scholarly journals Level of Rural Development in Burdwan and Murshidabad Districts, West Bengal: A Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Syfujjaman Tarafder ◽  
Narayan Chandra Jana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

The key purpose of this research is to examine the level of attainment of rural development in the two districts—Burdwan and Murshidabad. The reasons for selecting these two districts stems from the fact that majority of the population of these two districts dwell in rural areas. The concept of rural development is comprehensive. It includes economic development of rural people through the development of productive sectors and employment associated with rural infrastructural development as well human development. Therefore, rural development includes in its domain all the aspects of human development of the rural people. The present Central as well as State Governments have undertaken different policies and plans to bring about positive changes amidst the rural people. In most cases, however, the policies and plans fail to achieve the desired level of changes in the rural areas (Desai, 1991). Although in fewer isolated cases, some success has been achieved, but overall development remains to be reached. This research, based mainly on secondary data aims to investigate the scale of progress in the two districts —Burdwan and Murshidabad of West Bengal, India, in the areas embracing social correlates of rural poverty, basic infrastructure facilities, standard of living and quality of life. The data are analysed with the help of statistical and cartographical analysis.

scholarly journals Labor market performance in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina from a gender perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Ognjen Radonjić ◽  
Isidora Jarić
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Supranational Institutions

In this paper we analyze some aspects of the efficiency of labor markets in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina and compare resulting outcomes with the outcomes of labor markets efficiency in selected economies of the European Union. A particular focus of our analysis is on gender equality, due to the fact that not only gender inequality negatively affects the quality of life of individuals and society in general, but also can produce significant macroeconomic losses which negatively affect economic growth and development. When formulating policy that aims to increase the employability and income of the local population, our recommendation to governments, non-governmental and supranational institutions is to simultaneously take all necessary steps in order to provide women equal access to labor markets. This primarily refers to equality in access to newly created jobs, the uniformity of wages for a work with equal qualification, equal access to employment in formal economy, equal safety at work, equal access to social safety net etc.

scholarly journals A Resource Base Approach to Community Development Education

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond E. Seay
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Rural America ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Rural Community Development ◽  
Rural Development Program

Rural community development finally has come of age. After the not very productive rural development program of the 1950's with its emphasis on the small farm, and the equally tepid rural areas development effort of the 1960's, Congress and the Executive finally seem committed to improving the lot of rural America.

scholarly journals Quality of Schooling in Rural Areas

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry G. West ◽  
Donald D. Osburn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Good Measure ◽  
Current Stress

The report of the President's Commission on Rural Poverty stressed the need for improvement in rural schools. Numerous studies have pointed to this need for improvement and have identified ways in which rural schools are inferior to urban schools. The current stress on rural development and improved infrastructure in rural areas further supports the importance of this topic. But what is a good measure of quality when schooling is being considered?

Forest Income and Rural Livelihoods in West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222110243
Author(s):  
Biswajit Ray ◽  
Promita Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

To what extent forests contribute to rural livelihoods in developing countries? To find a plausible answer for this, this article explores whether inclusion of forest income to rural households’ total income accounts reduces poverty and income inequality, and also enables rural households to cope with shocks. To this end, we conducted household surveys in eight forest-dependent villages in the Indian state of West Bengal between August 2016 and August 2017. Using data from 407 sample households, we measured forest income of a household as the aggregate monetary value of resources extracted solely from forest ecosystem and compared this with other economic activities of the households. We calculated poverty indices and Gini coefficient with and without forest income, and we employed regression and Gini decomposition techniques to assess the safety net role and relative contribution of forest income to reducing rural poverty and inequality when compared to other sources of income. We found that the addition of forest income to household accounts significantly reduces measured poverty and inequality. Besides, the sample households, especially the poor, extract more from forests to cope with severe covariate shocks due to greater income certainty and thus adopt forest-dominated coping strategy in time of shocks and crises. The implication is that forest income needs to sustainably flow to the poor along with the development of better safety nets in forested rural areas in order to improve the forest-based rural livelihoods in developing countries like India. JEL Codes: Q23, Q56, Q57

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