Sunt Bark Powder: Alternative Retanning Agent for Shoe Upper Leather Manufacture

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Abdella ◽  
A. E. Musa ◽  
S. B. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Strength Characteristic ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Better Than ◽  
General Appearance ◽  
Leather Manufacture

The retanning process is a very important step in leather manufacturing because it overcomes some of the disadvantages of chrome tannage and it can contributes to further stabilization of collagen fibers and good handle of leather, such as fullness, softness, elasticity and so on. In order to meet customers’ requirements, a wide variety of retanning agents are used in retanning process viz. vegetable tan and phenolic synthetic/organic tanning materials. Sunt bark, widely distributed in Sudan, has been evaluated for its utilization in the retanning of the leathers. In the present investigation, sunt bark powder has been used for the retanning of wet blue leathers. The effectiveness sunt bark in retanning of wet blue leathers has been compared with wattle retanning. The organoleptic properties of the leathers viz. softness, fullness, grain smoothness, grain tightness (break), general appearance, uniformity of dyeing of sunt bark retanned leather have been evaluated in comparison with wattle retanned leathers. Sunt retanning resulted in leathers with good grain tightness. Physical strength characteristic and shrinkage temperature were noted. Dyeing characteristics of sunt retanned leathers have been found to be better than wattle retanned leathers.

scholarly journals Relationship between performance test and body composition/physical strength characteristic in sprint canoe and kayak paddlers

2015 ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisuke Ochi ◽  
Saki Hamano ◽  
Yosuke Tsuchiya ◽  
Erina Muramatsu ◽  
Kazuhiro Suzukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Strength Characteristic ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Physical Strength

scholarly journals Bio-Intervention Phyto-Based Material For Raw Goatskin Preservation: A Cleaner-Sustainable Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Hashem ◽  
Md. Anik Hasan ◽  
Md. Abdul Momen ◽  
Sofia Payel ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Animal Skin ◽  
Regular Practice

Abstract The regular practice of using sodium chloride to preserve raw animal skin triggers increasing salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the surface and groundwater during rehydration soaking operations. The process disrupts the lives of animals, plants, and human beings. This paper is focused on the phyto-based short-term preservation of goatskin to reduce salinity in tannery soaking operations. The indigenous Persicaria hydropiper leaf was investigated to assess the preservation of animal skin to diminish salinity and TDS of tannery soaking wastewater. Methanol extracted leaf was characterized by GC-MS and FTIR for chemical composition analysis and affiliated functional groups. Fresh goatskins were preserved at the preliminary, laboratory, and pilot-scale scenarios to establish the best possible mixture, monitor the moisture and nitrogen content, shrinkage temperature, microorganism analysis, and pollution load at each level. The processed leathers derived from the preserved skins with an optimal mixture of 10% leaf paste with 8% salt and conventional 50% salt were tested for their physical strength. Finally, the modification in fiber structure due to the varieties of preserving chemicals was evaluated through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and detected insignificant variation of leather fibers. The findings reported in this study can be applied to the industrial level and remove certain amounts of salinity and TDS from tannery soaking wastewater.

Role of Anionic Chromium Species in Leather Tanning

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinandan Kumar ◽  
Jaya Prakash Alla ◽  
Deepika Arathanaikotti ◽  
Ashok Raj J. ◽  
Chandrababu N. K.
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Chromium Species ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Chrome Tanning ◽  
Anionic Species ◽  
Reactive Mechanism

Chrome tanned leathers are definitely unique in comparison with leather made from any other known tanning agents, especially in terms of thermal stability, cost and its reactive mechanism with collagen fibers. In our current studies, self basifying chrome tanning materials masked with different percentages of organic acid were prepared and applied after the de-liming stage of leather processing. This eliminated the need for pickling and basification steps. Tanned leathers resisted shrinkage up to 103 and 105±2°C while conventional chrome tanned leathers resisted up to 108±2°C. Also, interaction of anionic chrome species in tanning was studied. It was observed that the percentage of anionic species in the experimental chrome tanning material was higher than conventional chrome tanning material and the shrinkage temperature achieved by application of experimental tanning material proves that anionic species do involve in tanning. Tanned leathers were crusted and analysed for strength and organoleptic properties.

Influence of Benzenecarboperoxoic Acid on Chamois Leather Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindia Sahu ◽  
Jaya Prakash Alla ◽  
Gladstone Christopher Jayakumar ◽  
Ashok Raj
Keyword(s):  
Strength Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Oxidation ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Percentage Elongation ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Cross Links

Stabilization of collagen against heat and enzyme is a key objective in the tanning process. In oil tanning, fatty acid present in the oil is oxidised mainly into aldehydes which interects with ? amino groups of collagen to form stable covalent cross links. Conventionally, oil tanning consumes time from two to three weeks which primarily depends on the type of oil and oxidation method for completion of tanning. In the present research, the duration of oil oxidation is reduced using benzenecarboperoxoic acid (PBA). It has been observed that PBA significantly reduces oil tanning duration from two weeks to 4 days. Moreover, the water absorption capacity of experimental leather has also increased by approximately 48% (1% PBA) compared to control leather. Physical strength properties such as tensile and percentage elongation values have also found to meet the standard norms. In addition to this organoleptic properties are also on par with control leather. The present study focus on the accelaration of chamois process for making leather, using PBA as an oxidising agent.

Hydrogen Peroxide-oxidized Soybean Polysaccharides as Novel Masking Agents for Zirconium Tanning

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haolin Zhu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Keyong Tang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Xuejing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Copper Catalyst ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Masking Agents ◽  
Ft Ir

A series of hydrogen peroxide-oxidized soybean polysaccharides (HPS) were prepared using H2O2 and copper catalyst, which were then used as novel masking agents for zirconium tanning. The HPS samples were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FT-IR suggested the formation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups after hydrogen peroxide oxidation. DLS indicated that the HPS particle size decreases with increasing the H2O2 dosage. HPS with carbonyl and carboxyl groups and medium particle size was able to coordinate with zirconium to remarkably facilitate the tanning process. The shrinkage temperature of the tanned leather reached 92oC. Meanwhile, the fullness, softness, and mechanical properties of the leather were greatly improved by the tanning. The function of HPS and its interaction with zirconium were studied by FT-IR, XRD, and it was found that the triple helical structures of collagen fiber were not changed greatly. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that collagen fibers were dispersed and tanning agents were evenly distributed in collagen fibers. A new strategy for chromefree tanning is suggested and a strong support for the application of zirconium tanning is provided.

Inverse Chrome Tanning Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Yunhang Zeng ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Jianfei Zhou ◽  
Bi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Oxidized Starch ◽  
Chrome Tanning ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Absorption

Conventional chrome tanning technology (CCTT) generates a remarkable quantity of Cr(III)-containing wastewater and solid wastes, which may pose a potential risk to the environment. In this work, an inverse chrome tanning technology (ICTT) was developed based on chrome-free tanning by Al–Zr complexes and highly oxidized starch (AZ–HOS) to minimize Cr(III) discharge. The 7.5% AZ–HOS exhibited sufficient tanning effect and gave wet white a shrinkage temperature of over 80o C. Thus, wet white can be stably stored for one year and possessed high absorption capacity to post-tanning chemicals (85%–90%) because its pI (7.1) was as high as that of wet blue. Terminal chrome tanning with 1.0% chrome tanning agent after post-tanning gave the ICTT crust leather physical and organoleptic properties that are comparable to those of CCTT crust leather. Moreover, the Cr and TOC loads in ICTT wastewater decreased by 99.9% and 42.4%, respectively. Therefore, this work provides a clean and practical tanning system for the sustainable leather industry. 

scholarly journals Effectiveness of silver nitrate compared to talc slurry as pleural sclerosing agent in rabbits. Influence of concomitant intrapleural lidocaine

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco S. Vargas ◽  
Alipio O. Carmo ◽  
Evaldo Marchi ◽  
Marcelo A.C. Vaz ◽  
Karine P. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Agent ◽  
Pleural Fibrosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Picrosirius Red ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal agent for producing pleurodesis has not been identified. Talc, the most commonly used, poses several problems. Another possibility is silver nitrate, which was widely used in the past. PURPOSE: To determine the influence of the intrapleural instillation of lidocaine in producing a pleurodesis with silver nitrate, to define the effect of lidocaine in the maturation of the collagen fibers, and to confirm that the pleurodesis after silver nitrate is stronger than after talc. METHODS: We studied three groups of 8 rabbits. Two groups received 0.5% silver nitrate; in one we had previously injected 0.5 ml of 2% lidocaine. The third group received 400 mg/kg talc (2 ml). The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the injection, and the pleural spaces were assessed grossly for evidence of pleurodesis and microscopically for evidence of inflammation and fibrosis. The total amount of pleural collagen and the distribution of thick and thin collagen fibers were quantified. Collagen was identified using picrosirius red stain. RESULTS: In the two groups that received silver nitrate (without lidocaine: 3.5 + 03 and with lidocaine: 3.2 + 0.3), the macroscopic pleurodesis (scale 0 -- 4) was significantly (p = 0.001) better than that resulting from talc (1.6 + 0.2). The mean degree of pleural fibrosis induced by silver nitrate (3.5 + 0.2) was significantly (p = 0.004) higher than that induced by talc (1.9 + 0.1). The previous instillation of lidocaine resulted in a tendency for decreased amounts of fibrosis (3.1 + 0.4). The mean amount (10³mm²) of pleural collagen was significantly (p = 0.009) greater in the rabbits that received silver nitrate (116.9 + 22.7) than in those that received talc (10.7 + 3.4). The injection of lidocaine slightly reduced the collagen (80.1 + 30.3). The distribution of collagen fibers did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSION: This rabbit model clearly confirms that intrapleural silver nitrate is more effective than talc for producing pleurodesis. The previous intrapleural instillation of lidocaine results in a decreasing trend in the amount of collagen, but does not change the effectiveness of the pleural fusion or modify the process of collagen maturation.

scholarly journals Influence of Substituting Sucrose with Date Palm Fruit Flour (DPFF) on the Nutritional and Organoleptic Properties of Bread

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Oluwayemisi Foluke Jonathan Awofadeju ◽  
Adeola Bosede Awe ◽  
Olayinka Janet Adewumi ◽  
Elizabeth Adewumi Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Iron ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Better Than

The influence of substituting sucrose with date palm fruit flour (DPFF) on the nutritional and sensory attributes in bread production was studied. Bread was baked in varying proportions of sucrose and date palm fruit flour as follows: (100% sucrose: 0% DPFF), (50% sucrose: 50% DPFF) and (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF). The results of proximate analysis showed that (100% sucrose: 0% DPFF) had 61.90% carbohydrate and fat (3.73%) contents significantly (p<0.05) higher than (50% sucrose: 50% DPFF) and (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF). The protein, ash and fiber contents of (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF) were 6.27, 3.67 and 2.03% higher (p<0.05) than (100% sucrose: 0% DPFF) and (50% sucrose: 50% DPFF), respectively. Result of mineral composition showed that (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF) scored highest in calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and selenium while (100% sucrose: 0% DPFF) had least value with the exception of zinc and selenium where (100% sucrose: 0% DPFF) and (50% sucrose: 50% DPFF) have the same values (0.10 and 0.01 mg/100 g), respectively and not significantly different from one another. General acceptability was highest for (100% sucrose: 0% DPFF) followed in descending order by (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF) and (50% sucrose: 50% DPFF). However, the study recommend (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF) as sweetener for bread production above (100%: 0% sucrose) and (50%: 50% DPFF) because it provides wide range of essential nutrients with many potential health benefits. However, there should be public enlightenment on the nutritional importance of date palm fruit and inclusion of date palm fruit flour in Nigerian diet better than sugar as this will reduce malnutrition, increase employment and boost Nigerian economy.

scholarly journals FORMULASI MINUMAN SUPLEMEN DAUN TORBANGUN (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) UNTUK WANITA YANG MENDERITA PMS (PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME)

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Pramadya Alfitra ◽  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
M. Rizal Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Average Score ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Placebo Capsule ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Coleus Amboinicus ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Made In

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 7.1pt 6pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) is one of Labiatae family containing a lot of micronutrients and active components. The plant is used as traditional medicine for relieving premenstrual syndromes (PMS). Based on the results of previous studies, a capsule containing 750 mg of dried Torbangun leaves can relieve PMS as well as commercial herbal, and better than placebo. Capsule supplement form seems less acceptable because it tastes like taking a drug. Therefore, it requires development for Torbangun supplement product in other forms, and one of them is a supplement drink. The study is aimed to formulate  a supplement drink from Torbangun leaves as the basic ingredients. Supplement drink formulation is made in trial and error by combining extract of torbangun leaves, sucrose, and lemon, obtaining three formulas: DT1 contains 10 g extract of torbangun leaves and 16 g sucrose, DT2 contains 10 g extract of torbangun leaves, 2 g lemon, 22 g sucrose, and DT3 contains 10 g extract of torbangun leaves, 4 g lemon, and 28 g sucrose. These formulas are then tested by organoleptic, physical, and chemical. The results show that the formula DT3 has the highest average score. Blanching treatment improves organoleptic properties of supplement drinks. Mean scores in color, aroma, and taste of the blanched supplement drink are different (p&lt;0.05) from non-blanched supplement drink.</span></p>

scholarly journals Influence of amaranth and melon seeds on the nutritional composition of an energy bar

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1068
Author(s):  
Ángel Zambrano ◽  
José Muñoz ◽  
Cecilia Párraga
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Amaranth Flour ◽  
Energy Bar ◽  
Proximal Analysis ◽  
Melon Seeds ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
General Appearance

Energy bars are considered a healthy food alternative due to the different properties attributed to them. The research aimed to evaluate the influence of amaranth and melon seeds on the nutritional composition of an energy bar intended for human consumption. A unifactorial design with three treatments T1 (45% amaranth, 15% melon seeds), T2 (30% amaranth, 30% melon seeds), T3 (15% amaranth, 45% melon seeds) was used to prepare the bars. energetic. Proximal analysis of protein, ash, fat, fiber, moisture, carbohydrates, and energy were performed on each of the formulations. A sensory evaluation of each of the treatments was carried out in which the attributes of smell, color, flavor, texture and general appearance were evaluated; A total of 20 untrained panelists were used for this. The results were analyzed with the statistical program InfoStat. The proximal analysis shows that the content of protein, ash and fiber was higher in the T2 treatment with a total of 11.03%, 12.59% and 13.43%, respectively. The fat, moisture and energy contents were higher in the T3 treatment with a total of 13.74%, 5.62% and 3820.85%. While the highest carbohydrate content was presented in treatment T1 with 67.14%. The evaluation of the organoleptic properties of taste, smell, color, texture and general appearance was better in the T3 treatment. The inclusion of the different levels of amaranth flour and melon seeds showed favorable results of the proximal and sensory characteristics (color, smell, flavor, texture and general appearance).

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