Prevalence of Decayed Tooth Surfaces in Preschool Children and Factors Influencing its Development: An Observational Study

Journal of Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.14744/jpd.2020.7_20 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Vinay Kumar SRIVASTAVA

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Middle Class ◽

Observational Study ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Decayed Tooth ◽

Tooth Surfaces

Objective: Objective of the study was to determine prevalence of decayed tooth surfaces and factors influencing its development in primary dentition. Materials and Methods: The study design adopted was analytical observational study. Caries examination was conducted using plain mouth mirror, probe with WHO caries detection criteria. Decayed tooth surfaces were examined under optimal light source by a single qualified examiner to minimize visual error. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 16 software. Test for significance was done with the help of Chi square test. Results: Highest percentage of decayed tooth surfaces was observed at 5 years of age followed by 6, 4 and 3 years of age. There was slight predilection in development of decayed tooth surfaces in males than females. Higher parental education levels also significantly reduce prevalence of decayed tooth surfaces in preschool children. A significantly higher percentage of upper and upper middle-class children collectively had decayed teeth than of the collective middle class, lower middle class and lower class. The ratio of breast & bottle feeding to breast feeding habit only was 32.3:67.7. A significant association was observed between decayed tooth surfaces and feeding habits. As duration of the breast feeding and bottle feeding increased, the percentage of decayed tooth surfaces also increased. Conclusion: Among the studied factors; maternal education level, parental social class, feeding habits, duration of breast & bottle feeding had the most significant effect on the development of decayed tooth surfaces in preschool children.

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Impact of Infant Feeding Practices on Caries Experience of Preschool Children

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.34.4.pjp25217558072up ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 297-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Morenike Folayan ◽

Christiana Sowole ◽

Foluso Owotade ◽

Elizabeth Sote

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Strong Association ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Night Feeding ◽

Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽

The Impact ◽

Rampant Caries

Aim: This study investigated the association between breastfeeding, bottle feeding, night feeding, age, and sex of the child on the caries experience. Method: Information was collected from the mothers of preschool children. Information included the age of the child, sex of the child, form of breastfeeding (whether exclusive,almost exclusive or mixed), duration of breastfeeding, night feeding habits of the child, and duration and content of bottle feeding. Intraoral examination was done to assess the dmft. The impact of the variables on the caries experience (rampant caries, no caries and the dmft) was then assessed. Results: The duration of breast feeding (p=0.002), and form of breast feeding (p=0.03) were significant predictors of the dmft. The dmft was highest in children who were breastfeed for longer than 18 months and highest for children who were exclusively breastfed. There is a strong association between rampant caries and duration of breast feeding only (p<0.001). The risk of having rampant caries increases by 10% (p = 0.012) with every month increase in the duration of breastfeeding. Conclusion: The duration of breastfeeding increased the risk for rampant caries in preschool children in Nigeria. The longer the duration, the higher the risk for caries.

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Tooth Surface Level Caries Progression in the Primary Dentition among Preschool Children

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000434729 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 442-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Amid I. Ismail ◽

Sungwoo Lim ◽

Marisol Tellez

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Low Income ◽

Assessment System ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Surface Level ◽

Initial Caries ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

Caries Progression ◽

Soda Consumption

The objective of this paper is to describe primary tooth surface level caries progression, over 2 years, based on the severity of the caries lesions. Data were collected from 790 low-income African-American preschool children in Detroit, Mich., USA. The caregivers of the children (aged 0-5 years) completed interviews and the dyad of child-caregiver completed dental examinations in 2002-2004 (baseline) and in 2004-2005 (follow-up). Caries were measured using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The caries status of tooth surfaces was classified into initial (ICDAS 1-2), moderate (ICDAS 3-4) and extensive (ICDAS 5-6) stages. Counts of tooth surfaces with progression, by baseline caries severity level, were used to compute rate ratios (RRs) relative to sound stages. RRs were also computed for type of tooth surfaces and frequency of intake of soda consumption at baseline. After adjusting for confounders, caries progression was more likely to occur in tooth surfaces with any baseline caries relative to sound surfaces. For surfaces with initial caries, the rate of progression to moderate caries was 9.6 times higher than that of sound surfaces. Surfaces with initial and moderate caries progressed to extensive caries 6.1 and 20.6 times, respectively, relative to sound surfaces. Baseline soda consumption was not associated with the RR of caries progression. In conclusion, the staging of caries identifies different progression risks and significant emphasis should be placed on secondary prevention of initial lesions as well as on primary prevention.

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The Effect of Breast and Bottle Feeding on Dental Caries in Preschool Children

10.53350/pjmhs211582232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 2232-2234

Author(s):

Enas Othman ◽

Taghreed Jaradat ◽

Basma Alsakarna ◽

Ayman F Alelaimat ◽

Rania Alsaddi

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Medical Center ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Dental Clinic ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Key Words Breast ◽

Nocturnal Feeding

Introduction: This study evaluates the effect of breast and bottle feeding on the severity and age of onset of early childhood caries (ECC). This prospective study conducted at the dental clinic of King Hussein Medical Center between March 2020 and July 2020. All preschool children who attended to the dental clinic suffering from dental caries were included in the study. Methodology: All preschool children who attended to the dental clinic suffering from dental caries were included in the study. A detailed history was obtained regarding age, gender, medical diseases, dental history, duration, frequency, and patterns of infant feeding. The patients were divided into 3 groups; the 1st group are those with exclusive breast feeding, the 2nd group are those with excusive bottle feeding and the 3rd group are those with mixed bottle and breast feeding. The age of onset of the caries was recorded. The severity of dental caries using DMFT index was explored in the groups. The obtained data was analyzed and compared with other studies. Results: 240 patients with aged between 3 and 6 years (mean 4.6±1.1) were enrolled in the study. A bout 55% of them was males. The commonest method of feeding for children was combined breast and bottle feeding (43%) followed by exclusive breast feeding (34%) and bottle feeding (23%). The highest DMFT score was found among patients with bottle feeding (4.9). The highest DMFT scores and earlier onset of caries were observed among patients who were breast fed (5.2, 3.2) or bottle fed (4.8,3.1) for more than 2 years respectively. Patients who were fed at night or those with frequent daily feeding at a rate of more than 6 times were associated with more sever forms of dental caries. Conclusion: Bottle feeding, nocturnal feeding and prolonged and frequent breast feeding were associated with more sever forms and earlier onset of dental caries in preschool children. Therefore, exclusive daily breast feeding at a rate not exceeding 6 times daily and for a duration not exceeding 12 months is recommended as a habit of feeding for infants. Key words: Breast feeding, Bottle feeding, Dental caries

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Multi-Centre Clinical Evaluation of Photothermal Radiometry and Luminescence Correlated with International Benchmarks for Caries Detection

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601711010636 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 636-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Josh D. Silvertown ◽

Stephen H. Abrams ◽

Koneswaran S. Sivagurunathan ◽

Julia Kennedy ◽

Jinseok Jeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Situation ◽

Study Data ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Assessment System ◽

Photothermal Radiometry ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Icdas Ii ◽

Decayed Tooth ◽

Tooth Surfaces

Introduction:A clinical study was initiated to investigate a caries detection device (The Canary System (CS)), based on photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (PTR-LUM). The primary objective of this study was to determine if PTR-LUM values (in the form of Canary Numbers; CN) correlate with International Caries Diagnostic and Assessment System (ICDAS II) scores and clinical situations. The secondary objectives of this study were to monitor the safety of PTR-LUM, and collect data to determine how CN values could be used to differentiate healthy from decayed tooth surfaces on a normalized scale.Methods:The trial was a four site, non-blinded study. Data was collected from 92 patients, resulting in 842 scanned tooth surfaces over multiple appointments. Surfaces were assessed according to ICDAS II, and further stratified into five clinical situation categories: 1) healthy surface, 2) non-cavitated white and/or brown spots; 3) caries lesions; 4) cavitation and 5) teeth undergoing remineralization therapy.CN data was analyzed separately for smooth and occlusal surfaces. Using a semi-logarithmic graph to plot raw CN (rCN) and normalized (CN) values, rCN data was normalized into a scale of 0-100.Results:Linear correlations (R2) between CN and ICDAS II groupings for smooth and occlusal surfaces were calculated as 0.9759 and 0.9267, respectively. The mean CN values derived from smooth (20.2±0.6) and occlusal (19±1.0) surfaces identified as healthy had significantly lower CN values (P<0.05) compared with the values from the other clinical situation categories. No adverse events were reported.Conclusion:The present study demonstrated the safety of PTR-LUM for clinical application and its ability to distinguish sound from carious tooth surfaces. A clear shift from the baseline in both PTR and LUM in carious enamel was observed depending on the type and nature of the lesion, and correlated to ICDAS II classification codes, which enabled the preliminary development of a Canary Scale.

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Peran Nenek dalam Peningkatan Cakupan ASI Eksklusif di Desa Bangunjiwo Kasihan Bantul

JURNAL NUTRISIA ◽

10.29238/jnutri.v19i1.51 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 68-78

Author(s):

Rahmad Nugroho ◽

Waryana Waryana ◽

Irianton Aritonang

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Observational Study ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Working Mother ◽

Data Presentation ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

And Training

Background: The problem of low exclusive breast feeding achievement in Indonesia is caused by social cultural factors, i.e. the minimal understanding of expecting mother, family, society, and health servant with the exclusive breast feeding. The husband’s and grandmother’s motivation will influence on successful breast feeding. Objective: This study is aimed to reveal the exclusive breast feeding achievement ang the role of grandmother. Method: This is an observational study. The researcher observes the society phenomena in Bangunjiwo Village, Bantul Regency. The subjects of the study are: 1) grandmothers aging ≥ 55 yeras old, 2) breast feeding mothers, and 3) Posyandu cadres. The data are collected by the focus group discussion, detail interview, and documentation.The instruments of the study are FGD, stationaries, tape recorder, and camera. The data are analyzed from the preparation of transcript, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Results: the success of breast feeding is motivated by grandmother’s role, i.e. 1) suggesting, 2) motivating, 3) caring, 4) reminding when mother goes out, 5) giving the stored mother’s milk for working mother, and midwive’s explanation and training for expecting mother. Conclusion: The role of grandmother in exclusive breast feeding will increase: 1) mother’s understanding of breast feeding advantages, 2) mother’s awareness of exclusive breast feeding, and 3) mother’s attitude of exclusive breast feeding. Therefore, a breast feeding mother will be able to increase in practicing exclusive breast feeding by: 1) overcoming obstacles, 2) consuming balanced nutrition, 3) maintaning health and drinking herb. Finally, these will influence the succssful exclusive breast feeding. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, The role of grandmother, mother’s attitude

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The Relationship between Foot Status and Motor Status in Preschool Children: A Simple, Comparative Observational Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9080936 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 936

Author(s):

Milan Kojić ◽

Branka Protić Gava ◽

Milan Bajin ◽

Marko Vasiljević ◽

Jasmina Bašić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Observational Study ◽

Total Sample ◽

Nonparametric Tests ◽

Significance Level ◽

Flat Feet ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Relationship

Background: The research objective of the study is to determine the differences in the manifestation of the motor status of normally fed preschool test subjects, classified into groups according to foot status. Methods: This is a simple, comparative observational study. Preschool children included in this study have been subjected to anthropometric measurements in order to determine BMI, tests for motor skills assessment (running at 20 m from a high start, standing broad jump, backwards polygon, rectangular seated forward bend, plate tapping, sit-ups for 60 s, and bent arm hang), and a determination of foot status. The total sample was comprised of 202 test subjects who attended a regular sports program, aged 3.9 to 6.5 years of decimal age (M = 141; Age = 5.3 ± 0.74; Height = 117.3 ± 7.1; Weight = 22 ± 3.7; F = 61; Age = 5.1 ± 0.73; Height = 114.9 ± 7.4; Weight = 21.2 ± 3.8), of which 153 (75.7%) were normally fed, 6 (3%) were undernourished, 30 were overweight (14.9%), and 13 were obese (6.4%). Results: In the total sample, 30 (14.9%) subjects had normal arch feet, 90 (44.6%) high arched feet, and 41 (20.3%) flat feet. We found 41 (20.3%) subjects who had different left and right foot statuses within this sample. The data were processed by means of nonparametric tests (the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests) at a significance level p ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between groups of subjects with different foot statuses in the manifestation of motor status in most tests, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.01, and in tests of sit-ups for 60 s and the bent arm hang, there is a statistically significant difference, the level of which is p ≤ 0.05. It is only in the inclination test of rectangular seated forward bend that no statistically significant difference was displayed.

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Behavioral changes after hospital discharge in preschool children experiencing emergence delirium after general anesthesia: a prospective observational study

Pediatric Anesthesia ◽

10.1111/pan.14259 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jonghae Kim ◽

Sung Hye Byun ◽

Jun Won Kim ◽

Ji‐Yoon Kim ◽

Yun Jin Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Observational Study ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Emergence Delirium

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Breast-feeding in Manila, Philippines preliminary results from a longitudinal study

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000025177 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (S9) ◽

pp. 137-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mayling Simpson-Hebert ◽

Lorna P. Makil

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Low Income ◽

Post Partum ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Early Termination ◽

First Year ◽

Low Income Families

SummaryLongitudinal data collected over a 2-year period (1982–84) on 152 first and second parity mothers who were delivered in a charity maternity hospital in Manila, Philippines, indicate the reasons for never brest-feeding and for early termination of brest-feeding. Socio-Cultural factors and beliefs are more important than physiological problems in minating breast-feeding.Proper bottle-feeding is too costly for most low-income families. Bottle-fed babies have a higher incidence of diarrhoea. Mothers who change from breast- to bottle-feeding in the first 6 months are 1·7 times as likely to become pregnant in the first year post-partum as mothers Who brest-feed for 7 or more months.

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