scholarly journals ZWISCHEN SPRACH- UND REZEPTIONSÖKONOMIE. ZU VERWEISUNGEN ALS MITTEL DER TEXTVERDICHTUNG AN BEISPIELEN AUS DEM DEUTSCHEN STGB

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Karolina KĘSICKA

In the era of globalized knowledge and communication language economy has become important determining factor in the creation process of specialized texts. The language economy has to ensure effective communication and to reduce the cognitive effort required for a text reception and production. To optimize the communication process, a variety of measures have been developed to make text condensation possible. One of these measures are references in legal texts. The purpose of this paper is to present different types of references combined with the analysis of their text function and role in the process of text reception. By empirically examining of the selected examples from the German Criminal Code,we will examine whether the language economy always helps the reader to understand legal texts? Finally, our focus is on showing of the possible causes for the communication inefficiency of examined references.

Author(s):  
Allison Galloup

The University of North Georgia, a recently consolidated university, has four libraries of varying sizes with different types of collections – ranging from libraries with larger sized book collections to libraries that rely on electronic resources. In addition to the differences in size and collections, the libraries also face the challenge of distance. This chapter follows the creation of an emergency plan, a recovery plan, and a continuity of operations plan for an academic library with four unique campus locations. The creation process begins with risk assessments of all four libraries, creating a team to write the plan, writing the plan and implementation and training for faculty and staff. The policies were written by a committee of five and included at least one representative from each campus.


Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kato ◽  
Yuu Iwama ◽  
Toshihiro Ioi

Motivation improvement of researchers is essential to facilitate knowledge creation for innovation aim in research and development organizations. This is because the knowledge that is the source of innovation is ultimately created by individual researchers themselves, and motivation is a determining factor in the quality of research and development activities performed by those researchers. According to previous research into the relationship between creativity and motivation, intrinsic motivation is necessary for individual creative realization. Our research has as its goal the creation of a process model for research and development management that allows for continued improvement of motivation. By adding a mechanism to increase motivation for further research to support the creation of knowledge, and conducted research aims to conduct more effective innovation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Burhanuddin

Kegiatan dakwah, merupakan bentuk dari komunikasi karena di dalamnya ada penyampai pesan (da’i) dan penerima pesan (mad’u). Dakwah sebagai proses komunikasi membutuhkan upaya-upaya yang harus didesain secara strategis sebagaimana sebuah komunikasi yang efektif yang mempertimbangkan efek dari komunikan. Berhasil tidaknya kegiatan dakwah tidak terlepas dari bagaimana proses komunikasi antarpelaku dakwah (da’i dan mad’u) berlangsung. Jadi, disinilah kontribusi komunikasi menjadi hal penting yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam kegiatan dakwah. Artinya, secara teoritis, teori-teori komunikasi sebagai sebuah ilmu akan memberikan kontribusi dalam merancang kegiatan dakwah yang efektif, sehingga pesan-pesan islam yang menjadi isi materi dakwah dapat tersampaikan dan berefek pada perubahan sikap mad’u ke arah yang lebih baik sesuai tujuan kehidupan Islam, bahagia dunia akherat.          Membangun pola komunikasi dakwah yang baik dapat mencegah terjadinya konflik-konflik keagamaan di masyarakat. Pesan dakwah yang menyampaikan nilai ketuhanan sejatinya harus dipahami sebagai perwujudan nilai-nilai toleransi, persaudaraan, dan sebagai wujud dialog internal umat beragama serta sebagai upaya membangun kesadaran demi terciptanya kerukunan antarumat beragama. Membangun nuansa harmonisasi merupakan harapan terhadap negara yang majemuk namun untuk merealisasikannya tentu memerlukan suatu upaya dan pola komunikasi yang efektif. Abstract: Da’wah as an activity, is a form of communication because there are messengers (da’i) and recipients (mad’u). Da’wah as a communication process requires efforts that must be strategically designed as an effective communication that takes the effects of the communicant. Success or failure of the da’wah activities cannot be separated from how the communication process between da’i (da’i and mad’u) took place. So, this is where the contribution of communication becomes an important thing to be considered in the activities of da’wah. That is, theoretically, communication theories as a science will contribute in designing an effective da’wah activities, so that Islamic messages into the content of da’wah material can be conveyed and effect on changes in attitude of mad’u to a better direction according to the purpose of life in Islam, life blissfully in this world until akherat.The true meaning of divinity must be understood as the embodiment of the values of tolerance, brotherhood, and as a form of internal dialogue of religious people as an effort to build awareness for the creation of harmony among religious followers. Building harmonious nuances is the hope of a plural country but to realize it would require an effort and an effective pattern of communication.Keywords: da’wa communication, alternative, pluralism, tasamuh and religious intolerance


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Katyaa Nakova-Tahchieva

The present work is part of a research paper for which I extend my heartfelt thanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Valko Kanev. It examines some specifics of the artistic creation process that lead to the creation of one of the types of written student texts - the narration. Its variations - "narration by imagination" and "narration by set supports" are regulated in the new fifth grade curriculum. The requirements for writing a narration and the exemplary thematic curriculum of optional literature classes in the 7-tgrade have proven to be applicable in the literature education process.


Author(s):  
Dr. Neeta Sharma

Abstract Communication is a process of sharing information through speech, writing, gestures or symbols between two or more people. The focus of the present paper is oral communication and the language under consideration is English. The teacher should adopt a student centered approach. The learners should be encouraged to do things in the class which result in developing their communication skills. The trainer has to focus on both the linguistic and paralinguistic features of the communication process while enhancing learners’ communication skills. These features involve the effective use of words, forming grammatically intelligible sentences and an appropriate use of voice and intonation. The teacher should encourage and train his students to use positive body language while listening and speaking. In order to hone the communication skills of the learners, it is very important to make the learners comfortable with the language they have to communicate in. Shedding their inhibitions is also one of the pivotal areas of concerns. This paper explores different techniques that could be useful while training students in communication skills. Communication is a process of sharing information through speech, writing, gestures or symbols between two or more people. The focus of the present paper is oral communication and the language under consideration is English. The major elements of a communication process are sender, receiver, message and feedback. Effective communication is a two way process. It involves both expressive (speaking) skills and receptive (listening) skills. It entails receiver’s understanding of the message sent by the sender and his feedback to the sender. Listening plays a very important role in the language learning process. It is the most primary of the four basic skills of any language i.e. Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. Listening paves way for speaking. One can never be a good speaker if one is not a good listener. An effective communicator is first a good listener and then a good speaker. According to Tickoo ( 2003 ), ‘Good listening skills not only lay the foundations of good speech, but they grow best through effective communication’.


2020 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
E. N. Mikhailova ◽  
V. A. Telegina

The article is devoted to the study of evaluative tools used in modern French media in order to form the media image of a representative of the political elite. The techniques used in the creation of a memorial media portrait of Jacques Chirac (1932—2019), President of France from 1995 to 2007 are considered. The research material was the most prestigious French print media of various political orientations, published in late September — early October 2019 in connection with the death of the ex-President of the French Republic. The relevance of the research topic is dictated by the close attention of modern linguistics to axiological phenomena, differently presented in different types of discursive practices. The novelty of the study is due to the appeal to the analysis of the complex of evaluation tools used in the French print media when characterizing the former leader of the state during the nation’s farewell period. The estimated potential of the title of the article and its influence on the formation of the estimated vector of the entire text of the publication are shown. A systematic analysis of the assessment expression means, reflected in the memorial media portrait of the politician, is given. The factors that influenced the peculiarities of their use in this type of media portrait are revealed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Neretina

In the essay “Conversation about Dante,” Mandelstam described logic, which he defined as the “realm of unexpectedness,” which is unlike any everyday logical construction. Based on the analysis of Mandelstam’s text, it is assumed that we are talking about a tropology that arose in the Middle Ages, the principles of which can be derived from studies of St. Augustine’s treatise De Dialectica and Petrus Сomestor’s Historia Scholastica. It is this triple commonwealth (Augustine – Comestor – Dante, read by Mandelstam) that creates the multilayered logical framework of the work. Augustine created a completely different dialectic than in classical antiquity. Augustine considers dialectics as an art of discussion and describes the real steps that contribute to the emergence of speech, which corresponds to Mandelstam’s concept of conversation. According to Augustine, at the basis of any speech, is a trope-turn. In the article, attention is drawn to the sound nature of creation process. This logic, used in explaining the creation of the world according to the logos/word (tropology), assumes that, at the basis of the speech act, there is no the word as a unit of speech, but the sound itself – the sound, which was considered initially equivocal (ambiguous). In the process of pronounciation, the sound could turn into its opposite and could change the meaning of speech if the context has been changed. Dante expressed the meaning of tropology in practice. Mandelstam wrote that he had chosen Dante for the conversation (between poet and poet) “because he is the greatest and indisputable master of reversible and reversing poetic substance.” Mandelstam saw Dante as the Descartes of metaphor.


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