scholarly journals Mis-Educative Martial Law – The Fate of Free Discourse and the Moral Judgment Competence of Polish University Students from 1977 to 1983

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Ewa Nowak ◽  
Georg Lind
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Moral Competence ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
East European ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Competence Test ◽  
The Impact

The reprinted paper refers to Georg Lind and his colleagues’ MCT-based FORM study conducted at several European universities in 1977-1983, including Polish ones. After a short phase of democratization, in 1981 Polish society suddenly faced martial law. That experience had an impact on Polish students moral-, discursiveand democratic competences, as measured by MCT. When Ewa Nowak started her Alexander von Humboldt Foundation supported research stay under the supervision of Professor Georg Lind (University of Konstanz, 2008-2010), they were inspired to revisit and discuss the puzzling Polish research findings of 1981/3. According to their main hypothesis, martial law restricted free speech at universities, and free speech is a key facilitator of the development of moral and democratic competence. In 2018, after a decade of collaborative research on moral and democratic competence, Lind, Nowak and colleagues started a new international MCT study in several Central- and East European countries to examine the impact of the contemporary constitutional crisis in Poland (and the institutional crisis within the European Union) on students’ moral and democratic competencies. In 2018/9 the 40th anniversary of the Moral Competence Test (MCT) and Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD) will be celebrated. We would like to provide you with the most recent research findings soon.

scholarly journals Has the Accession of Croatia to the EU Affected Business Sentiment in Industry? Synthetic Control Method Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-663
Author(s):  
Tihana Škrinjarić ◽  
Mirjana Čižmešija
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Synthetic Control Method ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Some economic and political events determine the level and dynamics of real economic variables on one hand, and business sentiment as a "soft" variable with a good predictive power for those variables, on the other. In this paper, we observe the impact Croatia's accession to the European Union (EU) in 2013 had on the Industrial confidence indicator (ICI) as a measure of business sentiment in Croatia's industry. Entering the EU had a strong positive impact on the economies of countries that had joined the Union. Unlike other new EU member states, which entered the EU in an upward phase of the European business cycle, Croatia entered this community immediately after the stabilization of the European debt crisis and in a long period of recession. Using a novel application of the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) to the business survey (BS) data, the main hypothesis, that Croatia's accession to the EU had a strong positive impact on the ICI (which can be explained as euphoria), is confirmed. Conclusions derived from this research are a contribution to the improvement and popularization of BS and SCM.

scholarly journals The effects of exchange rate on balance trade and on monetary aggregates of macedonia and the impact of the current world crisis in its economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Mr.Sc. Kadishe Limani ◽  
Mr.Sc. Jeta Hani
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Flexible Exchange Rate ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Monetary Aggregates ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Balance Trade ◽  
The Impact

Macedonia is a country that is close related to the European Union countries where the majority of the Macedonian foreign trade is with the European Union countries (52%). So the Macedonian economy is in a high level dependency of Euro.  Since Denar is connected closely to Euro, and the level of its usage in everyday economic activity is close to the usage of Denar, it is obvious to be discussed as a dilemma whether Macedonia should have Euro as its currency. However, the problem lies in that whether it is the right time for such action as the best solution for Macedonian economy, keeping in mind the fact that in the international arena there is present a second crisis that is the crisis of Euro-Zone.Based on various sources and on our econometric results, in this paper is argued and supported the main hypothesis that the fix exchange rate for Macedonia is a more optimal choice in comparison with the unilateral euroisation and flexible exchange rate. Thus, during the research we found out some arguments that support the existing regime, such as: under a flexible regime an eventual devaluation of the Denar is more possible, which can lead to more negative effects on the economy than benefits. Thus, devaluation of the Denar will have no significant effects on the balance trade (export and imports) and GDP. This means that the competitiveness of a country relies on the other factors. In addition an eventual devaluation of the Denar, it will not have significant effects on monetary aggregates (M2 and M4) due to the asset substitution from Denar deposits to foreign deposits and vice-versa.

scholarly journals Econometric Modelling of the Impact of Knowledge Diffusion and Other Factors on Exports of Russian Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-819
Author(s):  
O. S. Mariev ◽  
◽  
N. S. Teplyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Knowledge Diffusion ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on the sectoral structure of exports of Russian regions and its dynamics. We also explore the reasons for similarities in export portfolios of regions. Despite the differences in geography, climate and capital availability, Russian regions have more similarities than differences in terms of their export baskets. This conclusion is valid for the six economic sectors we examined based on observations from 1998 to 2018. This paper aims to clarify the nature of the relationship between the structure of exports and knowledge diffusion. Our main hypothesis is that knowledge diffusion has a positive impact on the similarity of exports in Russian regions. Using econometric tools, we bring to light the following patterns: first, knowledge diffusion has a positive effect on similarity of regional exports; second, an increase in the distance between Russian regions leads to a decrease in the similarity of their export baskets, while the presence of a common border leads to the opposite; and finally, a growing difference in socio-economic indicators leads to a decrease in the similarity of regions’ export baskets. The research findings could be used to design strategies for development of regional exports.

scholarly journals Social capital and banking system profitability: A survey of European Union countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Arash Nayebyazdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

Over the last years, the concept of social capital as a facilitator of economic activities has been a remarkable issue among economists. In this article, we study the impact of social capital on banking performance focusing on profitability in the European Union for period 2008-2016. Social capital indicators are applied in the model are "trust in others" and "fair behavior of others". We expect more profitable banks in societies with higher levels of social capital. According to the type of data, we apply GMM estimator to do more efficient estimations. We use auxiliary variables such as bank asset, capital adequacy, real interest rate, the cost to income ratio as micro variables, GDP and inflation are employed as macros. Our estimations point at a rejection of the main hypothesis. Opportunistic behavior and less social trust result in more profits for European countries. We justify the results in two ways. First, due to the 2008 financial crisis, trust in all institutions has decreased in European countries. The second reason concerns countries with low levels of social capital. The decrease of trust for the banking system is lower than for other institutions. Therefore, that sector may benefit is such circumstances.

scholarly journals Immigrants in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and Its Public Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-137
Author(s):  
Paweł Olbrycht
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Public Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grand Duchy

The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is one of the smallest European countries – both in terms of area and population. As in the case of the so-called European micro-states (with less than 500,000 inhabitants – Luxembourg alone has slightly more), it is characterized by a high economic level, especially the living standards of its inhabitants. As the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s statistical data show (official OECD website), the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is the wealthiest Member State of the European Union in terms of average annual income per capita (gross domestic product per capita). Due to this fact, foreigners-immigrants continuously come to this country by seeking better living conditions there. It was, therefore, reasonable to explore how this high proportion of immigrants in Luxembourg’s society influences the public security of that country. Luxembourg has one of the highest economic immigration rates in Europe, the number of its citizens is continually growing, and yet the crime rates are among the lowest in the world. The article aims to explore the impact of the presence of many immigrants in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg on public security of that country. The article focuses on the main threat to public safety, i.e., crime – in the analysed case: the crime committed by foreigners-immigrants. The main research problem took the form of the question: To what extent does the presence of a significant number of immigrants affect the public safety of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg? The main hypothesis took the form of the assumption that the presence of large numbers of immigrants does not have a significant adverse effect on the public safety of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The adopted research method was the analysis of statistical data using the technique of content analysis (desk research). World Bank statistics were used as the primary source of information, while articles from scientific journals and reports from Luxembourg public administration bodies as supplementary sources. To deepen the exploration and understanding of the migration conditions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the article presents its history as well as economic and social characteristics. The research was carried out as part of the Research Project No. 146/WNB/65/DzS called: “The Migration Policy of the Republic of Poland as an Indicator of Its Internal Security”, carried out at Faculty of Security Studies of General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces (Wrocław, Poland).

On the Value of Commentaries on eu Law in the Central and East European Legal Space: A Review Article of Three German Standard Commentaries

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
Christoph J. Schewe
Keyword(s):  
Practical Interest ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
East European ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
German Standard ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the law of the European Union (eu) differs considerably among the various Central and Eastern European (cee) states. Some cee states are eu member states; others are accession candidates, while still others have signed association agreements with the eu. Clearly, eu law applies to each group in different ways. Furthermore, other cee countries are member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (eaeu). Although not directly impacted by eu law, eaeu states may face questions of economic integration similar to those which have faced a challenge to the eu and, thus, likely will have a practical interest in legal comparisons. Accordingly – albeit to varying degrees – scholars and practitioners in the entire cee region inevitably find themselves confronted by issues requiring a strong understanding of eu law and, for that reason, will require reliable resources for research purposes. As such, the aim of this review article is to introduce rceel readers to the concept of commentaries on eu law, generally, as well as to three major German commentaries on eu law, specifically.

scholarly journals Does the Cohesion Policy Decrease Economic Inequalities in the European Union?

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Jovančević ◽  
Tomislav Globan ◽  
Vedran Recher
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Regional Inequalities ◽  
Cohesion Fund ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper examines the impact of the EU Cohesion Policy on the relative development of EU countries as well as on the development of NUTS-2 regions within member states. The main hypothesis is that the Cohesion Fund payments are reducing inequalities between member states, while failing to decrease the regional inequalities within member states in the European Union. The basic conclusion is that Cohesion funds should not be viewed as the only solution for the problem of regional inequalities in the EU, but rather as a complementary policy instrument to national regional policies. However, the problem of creating institutional capacity for the withdrawal of the Cohesion resources remains emphasized, especially in new member states with lower real GDP growth, in order to compete for projects of highest multiplicative effects on the economy.

scholarly journals The crisis of democracy in Eastern Europe: (un)successful political integration of new members?

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-214
Author(s):  
Dragana Dabic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
New Members ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Democratic Norms ◽  
The Impact

The main hypothesis of this paper is that when it comes to its member states, the European Union does not possess effective legal and political mechanisms to sanction and/or reverse their democratic backsliding. Emphasis is put on the examples of violations of liberal-democratic norms undertaken by governments in Hungary, Poland and Romania, in order to analyse political will, ability, and legitimacy of the European Union to defend basic values stated in the Founding Act. The aim of the author is to examine the impact of questionable political integration of Eastern European countries in regards to the continuation of the enlargement of the Union in the region of the Western Balkans. It is concluded that due to the pragmatic policy of support to the stabilitocracy regimes and, in general, due to the ambivalent attitude towards the future of enlargement, the European Union could face negative consequences in the coming years. Conceding to candidate countries in fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria in exchange for meeting the current geopolitical interests of the European elites (as was the case in some of the earlier EU enlargements) would have following implications for the Union itself: first, internally, casting further doubts on already shaken credibility of the project to build a European identity based on common values; and secondly, externally, the loss of reputation of a normative power that facilitates global relations by spreading its own principles and values.

The Mental Health and Social Exclusion European Network

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Leonori ◽  
Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Carmelo Vázquez ◽  
José J. Vázquez ◽  
Mary Fe Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
World Federation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Homeless Mentally Ill ◽  
The Impact

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.

Analisis Pengaruh Penerimaan Pajak Daerah Dan Retribusi Daerah Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten/Kota Di Jawa Tengah

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Beta Asteria
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Fiscal Balance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Local Government Budget ◽  
The Impact

This research deals with the impact of Local Tax and Retribution Receipt to Local Government Original Receipt of Regency/City in Central Java from 2008 to 2012. This research utilizes the data of actual of local government budget from Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (Direktorat Jendral Perimbangan Keuangan). Methods of collecting data through census. The number of Regency/City in Central Java are 35. But the data consists of 33 of Regency/City In Central Java from 2008 to 2012. Total of samples are 165. Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency were not included as samples of this research because they didn’t report the data of actual of local government budget to Directorate General of Fiscal Balance in 2009.The model used in this research is multiple regressions. The independent variables are Local Tax and Retribution Receipt, the dependent variable is Local Government Original Receipt. The research findings show that Local Tax and Retribution give the significant impact partially and simultaneusly on Local Government Original Receipt at real level 5 percent. All independent variables explain 91,90 percent of the revenue variability while the rest 8,10 percent is explained by other variables.Keywords: Local Tax, Retribution, and Local Government Original Receipt

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