scholarly journals A. Tarskiego kryterium monotoniczności operatora konsekwencji w międzykulturowych badaniach systemów wniskowań

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Sławomir Sikora

In this article I refer to the issue of comparative research methodology and methods of philosophical argumentation systems with different cultural areas. In relation to that shown by A. Tarski logical consequence operator, will establish criteria for the comparative analysis of systems inferences different cultural areas of the property based on the operator monotonic consequences.

Urban History ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lee

ABSTRACTThis article addresses a range of conceptual issues relating to the history of European port cities in order to construct a framework for comparative research. Port cities played a key role in European urban development and their growth was often determined by common factors. Particular attention is paid to the demography of port cities, their specific labour markets and the dominant ideology of merchant capital. The article establishes a basis for analysing case studies of individual port cities and for exploring their location within the overall process of European urbanization.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Marinov ◽  
Leonardo Di Giovanni ◽  
Giulia Bellisai ◽  
Julian Clevermann ◽  
Anastasia Mastellou ◽  
...  

One of the latest trends in the transport field is the increasing interest for the rejuvenation of the railway. It is considered to be a logical consequence of the gradual switch towards a more sustainable future in transports. Terminals and stations are considered to be the junction points between the various lines that constitute the railway network and can simply be described as points of arrival, departure and interchange of passengers or commodities. The most commonly used indicators that measure the level of their performance are time and cost. This study aims at exploring possible improvements that could be implemented to the infrastructure and the operation of terminals and stations in order to increase the efficiency level. Firstly, drawing upon grounded theory about rail infrastructure and terminals, a description is conducted, followed by a comparative analysis of the different types of existing terminals and stations. Secondly, the suggested improvements are presented in accordance with their time frame completion. The main contribution of this study is to illustrate the high significance of terminals, stations and yards, acknowledging them as crucial parts of the railway network, because as characterized and demonstrated in this study, their performance are key factors to the whole network performance, making the identification of their critical points and respective possible solutions, the final objective of this paper. In addition to this, emphasis is given to the need of improving and developing the existing terminal infrastructure and operations.


Author(s):  
R. R. Balandina ◽  
◽  
E. V. Kuzmina ◽  

The article aims at demonstrating significant differences in the perception of rationality and irrationality in the works of ancient Greek philosophers and philosophers of the period of Latin apologetics. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the works of ancient and Latin philosophers. The analysis revealed that the Greeks solved the problem of the ratio of the rational and the irrational in an ontological way, while the Latins shifted the focus on the problem to the axiological dimension. The article presents the correlation of three examples of ontological orientation of pagan philosophy with three examples of axiological orientation of Latin theology of the apologetic period. The research methodology is based on the combination of historical-functional and comparative analyses. The works of N. S. Mudragey, where the validity of the use of the concepts "rational" and "irrational" in relation to ancient philosophy was proved, provided the methodological basis of the study, as well as the works of G. G. Mayorov, who actually was the first to consider Latin apologetics as a system with a clear tendency from hellenophilia to hellenophobia. The works of ancient Greek philosophers provided the theoretical basis of the study, as well as the works of Lactantius, Arnobius, Tertullian, and Minucius.


QOF ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Cholid Ma'arif

Abstrak This paper will explore aspects of research methodology of exegesis written by Aksin Wijaya related to methods nuzuli ala Muhammad Izzat Darwazah. For that, the focus of this discussion is the methodology of his research in his own book of under title Sejarah Kenabian Dalam Perspektif Tafsir Nuzuli Muhammad Izzat Darwazah, finding out how people review mufassir. Specifically, the methodical determination of the previous his experienced has moved soon of orientation from the critical to the descriptive while facing of four books, namely: Tafsir al Hadith, 'Ashr al Nabiy wa Biatuhu Qabla al Bi'tsah, Sirah al Rasul; Suwar Muqtabasah min al Qur'an, and ad Dustur al Qur'an fi Su'uni al Hayat works of thinkers and historians. From his reading, he at least analyzes his views into two important parts, namely; 1) the interpretation method of nuzuli and the ideal concept it contains, 2) it then draws it into the realm of pre-Islamic, personal and family life of the prophet Muhammad, to the condition of the people of prophetic era through the perspective of nuzuli Izzat Darwazah exegesis. According to the reviewer, there are other research elements in writing the work of the exegesis, namely some models of research methods of interpretation at once, such as: comparative research, character research, and thematic-nuzuli research. Whereas although placed more as an overview of nuzuli interpretation, at least he invites readers, especially in Indonesia to re-read the tafsir nuzuli treasury and see which is as worthy to be developed in the turats of Islam Nusantara. Abstrak Tulisan ini hendak menelusuri aspek metodologi penelitian tafsir yang dilakukan oleh Dr. Aksin Wijaya terkait metode nuzuli ala Muhammad Izzat Darwazah. Untuk itu, fokus dari pembahasan ini adalah tentang metodologi penelitiannya dalam buku berjudul Sejarah Kenabian Dalam Perspektif Tafsir Nuzuli Muhammad Izzat Darwazah untuk mengetahui bagaimana orang mengkaji mufassir. Dimana secara khusus mulai penentuan metodis dari sebelumnya ia mengalami pergeseran orientasi dari kritis ke deskriptif dalam menghadapi empat kitab hasil perburuannya, yaitu: Tafsir al Hadits, ‘Ashr al Nabiy wa Biatuhu Qabla al Bi’tsah, Sirah al Rasul; Suwar Muqtabasah min al Qur’an, dan ad Dustur al Qur’an fi Su’uni al Hayat karya tokoh pemikir dan sejarawan. Dari pembacaannya tersebut, ia setidaknya menganalisa pandangannya menjadi dua bagian penting, yaitu; 1) metode tafsir nuzuli dan konsep ideal yang dikandungnya, 2) kemudian ia menariknya ke ranah kehidupan masyarakat pra-islam, pribadi dan keluarga nabi Muhammad saw, hingga kondisi masyarakat era kenabian melalui perspektif tafsir nuzuli Izzat Darwazah. Pun demikian, menurut penulis ada unsur penelitian lain dalam penulisan karya Aksin tersebut, yaitu beberapa model metode penelitian tafsir sekaligus, seperti: penelitian perbandingan, penelitian tokoh, dan penelitian tematik-nuzuli. Dimana walaupun diletakkan lebih sebagai gambaran umum tafsir nuzuli, setidaknya ia mengajak pembaca khususnya di Indonesia untuk meneelaah kembali khazanah tafsir nuzuli dan memandang mana yang sekira layak untuk dikembangkan dalam turats Islam ke-Indonesia-an.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 699-706
Author(s):  
Adeng Muchtar Ghazali ◽  
Aan Hasanah

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this paper is to elaborate methodological diversities in understanding religions both in internal and external circles and contexts are seen from Islamic theological perspectives. Methodology: The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative analysis, using content analysis method. Main Findings: The diversity of religious beliefs and religious understandings needs to be interpreted as a logical consequence of divine provisions. Methodologically, however, an individual’s belief cannot be adjudged right or wrong without understanding socio-cultural, referent, educational, and other external background experience shaping his belief and diversity. Applications of this study: Understanding and tolerant behavior in the diversity of beliefs in Indonesian society is necessary to create inter and inter-religious harmony, to realize a solid nation and state of life. Therefore, a comprehensive effort is needed to minimize intolerant understanding and behavior in the community from an early age, through integrative education and learning. Novelty/Originality of this study: Generally, research methodology on religion using religious doctrine as the main tool in the analysis of religious thought. This article presents a point of equilibrium between doctrine and


1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Deans ◽  
Alan Ware

ABSTRACTThis article examines the issues and the problems confronted by those conducting comparative research of charity-state relations in England, Canada and the United States. It also provides an explanation of why the interaction between charities and the state is important for political science: in part this is because in all three countries charities have become increasingly dependent on government for their income. In section I, the article examines the relationship between the concepts of a third sector, voluntary sector, non-profit sector and charity and concludes that the last might be the most appropriate to employ in comparative analysis. In section 2, the authors argue that in both England and Canada the state is formally responsible for the formation of certain kinds of charities; they also argue that in the United States a stricter separation between state and charity exists but that, in practice, the boundaries between charities and the state and the market are not clear ones.


2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Obrębska ◽  
Sandra Nowak

The Level of Dogmatism in Schizophrenia. A Comparative Analysis of Utterance Texts with the Use of the Suitbert Ertel Dogmatism Quotient The paper describes the results of comparative research on the level of dogmatism in the utterance texts of patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (N=130) and healthy individuals (N=130). The analysis was conducted with the use of the Suitbert Ertel Dogmatism Quotient. The results indicate significant differences between these two groups.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nataliya Mukan ◽  
Svitlana Kravets

Abstract In the article the methodology of comparative analysis of public school teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD) in Great Britain, Canada and the USA has been presented. The main objectives are defined as theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; characteristic of the research methodology, used to conduct the comparative analysis. Their major components of the research model (parametric-determining, conceptual and analytical, integrating-analytical and differentiating-analytical, prognostic component) have been defined and specified. Public school teachers’ CPD has been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: political, social, cultural and economic aspects of teachers’ CPD (L. Darling-Hammond, M. Tight); CPD programs (C. Pratt); CPD content (N. Dana Fichtman, M. Rees, A. Ross, S. Zepeda); CPD models, methods and forms (K. Duinlan, P. Grimmet, G. Troia, P. Wong); continuous professional education (Ya. Belmaz, A. Kuzminskyy, O. Kuznyetsova). The research methodology comprises theoretical (comparative-historical, logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis, general scientific and interdisciplinary forecasting methods), and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.


1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEVERLY CRAWFORD ◽  
AREND LIJPHART

This article presents a framework for the analysis of regime change in post-Communist Eastern Europe. It examines two competing approaches, the “legacies of the past” and the “imperatives of liberalization,” as alternative causal factors shaping the trajectories of regime change. The article argues that the debate between these two approaches has important implications for comparative research methodology and design; to the extent that past legacies dominate the path of post-Communist regime change, comparisons with other regions emerging from an authoritarian past will yield less insight. The authors claim, however, that the immediate context of norms, institutions, and international pressures shapes the particular way that legacies influence outcomes. Thus they conclude that cross-regional research is likely to be fruitful and should be pursued.


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