scholarly journals Dramatyczność kolorów historii

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kosicka-Pajewska
Keyword(s):  
Historical Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
Camp Life

The drama of Katyń. The theory of colors, Julia Holewińska based on Józef Czapski’s Old Bielsko Memories, although largely processed. The protagonist of the play is Józef Czapski, a painter-capist, writer, intellectual, prisoner of Starobielsk, Pawliszczew Boru, Griazowiec, who builds his paintings in the performance with colors. The setting for these events is Kozielsk, where the artist was not held, which proves that this is not Czapski’s biography, nor is it a documentary account of camp life. The playwright, on the basis of a harsh and humiliating reality, showed human sensitivity. In Holewińska’s drama, Czapski acts as a guide through the camp experience through the eyes of a colorist. In each sequence, the artist expresses his view of color in art. There are two more allegorical characters in the drama: Our Lady of Kazan, who embodies three beings: Our Lady of Kazan (The Blessed Virgin of Kazan) – as the sacred, the real pilot Janina Lewandowska, and femininity in general. The second allegorical figure is the great Katyń liar, who personifies the whole apparatus of repression and oppression of the NKVD. The background for the conversations between these characters is a two-person choir – one out of a thousand and the Second of thousand. Art of Katyń. The theory of colors is devoted to painful historical events, despite the fact that it is subject to various playwriting procedures, it is moving in its meaning.

Richard Sisson and Leo E. Rose. War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 1990. 338 pp.Price Rs 225.00 (Hardbound).

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Political Polarization ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
National Elections ◽  
The Real ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Creation

After thirteen long years of military dictatorship, national elections on the basis of adult franchise were held in Pakistan in December 1970. The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and the Pakistan Peoples Party, under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, emerged as the two majority political parties in East Pakistan and West Pakistan respectively. The political party commanding a majority in one wing of the country had almost no following in the other. This ended in a political and constitutional deadlock, since this split mandate and political exclusiveness gradually led to the parting of ways and political polarization. Power was not transferred to the majority party (that is, the Awami League) within the legally prescribed time; instead, in the wake of the political/ constitutional crisis, a civil war broke out in East Pakistan which soon led to an open war between India and Pakistan in December 1971. This ultimately resulted in the dismemberment of Pakistan, and in the creation of Bangladesh as a sovereign country. The book under review is a political study of the causes and consequences of this crisis and the war, based on a reconstruction of the real facts, historical events, political processes and developments. It candidly recapitulates the respective roles of the political elites (both of India and Pakistan), their leaders and governments, and assesses their perceptions of the real situation. It is an absorbing narrative of almost thirteen months, from 7 December, 1970, when elections were held in Pakistan, to 17 December, 1971 when the war ended after the Pakistani army's surrender to the Indian army in Dhaka (on December 16, 1971). The authors, who are trained political scientists, give fresh interpretations of these historical events and processes and relate them to the broader regional and global issues, thus assessing the crisis in a broader perspective. This change of perspective enhances our understanding of the problems the authors discuss. Their focus on the problems under discussion is sharp, cogent, enlightening, and circumspect, whether or not the reader agrees with their conclusions. The grasp of the source material is masterly; their narration of fast-moving political events is superbly anchored in their scientific methodology and political philosophy.

scholarly journals The “legendary style” in “The comprehensive life of Constantin (Cyril) the Philosopher”

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Svitlana Borshch
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Real Person ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Christian Society

The subject of the study is the “legendary style” of one of the most iconic hagiographic text of the IX century “The Comprehensive Life of Constantine (Cyril) the Philosopher”. This Pannonian legend belongs to the texts of Cyril-Methodius cycle and has the description of the re-finding and transportation Saint Clement’s relics by Constantine the Philosopher from Korsun (Chersonesus) to Rome. This episode is an important part of the process of legalizing the translation of the Divine Books to the so-called Church-Slavonic language. The phrase “legendary style” was borrowed from I. Franko’s work “Saint Clement in Korsun” (Lviv, 1902–1905) and has not been explained as a term yet. The purpose and the novelty of our research is to find out how “legendary style” was formed, which techniques were needed to create this concept. The relevance of this study is due to the analyzing sources for the legend as a genre (it was formed on the base of the hagiographical texts such as Jacobus da Varagine’s "The Golden Legend", XIII century). Ideological description of historical events ("tendentious historicity"), disclosure of holiness and using the category of the miraculous were clarified as the technique of “legendary style”, using the cultural-historical method, elements of comparative, structural and phenomenological analysis. Holiness, called by J. Le Goff “the most important value of Christian society”, is a predetermined aspect in “The Comprehensive Life of Constantine (Cyril) the Philosopher” and it connected the saint’s life with the events of the New Testament. The category of the miraculous is considered from the point of mythological view: miracles regulated the universe, restored harmony and established true rules and laws. According to A. Losev, the true Christian miracle occurred when the real person dialectically synthesized with his/her inner ideal at a certain moment. “Tendentious historicity” is observed in the episode about saint relics of Pope Clement I. There are variations in the very process of re-finding the holy remains: locations, heroes and time in some stories are not the same in different texts from the so-called Cyril-Methodius cycle. It gives reasons to consider these texts ideologically involved. It is advisable to include other hagiographic texts to confirm or refute, expand or narrow the “legendary style” as a term in further research.

How Can We Seize the Past?

Philosophy ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (247) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Christopher Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Perceptual Awareness ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Direct Acquaintance ◽  
Real People ◽  
Intelligible World ◽  
Historical Past

My concern is to understand how it is that contemplation of the past— better, of this or that preferred past—evokes in some people an impression which is distinctively weird. It is unmistakable; and anyone who has felt it will soon know what I am talking about. What is the impression, and whence the impressionability?To help identify my concern (and make it seem less eccentric) I shall let it emerge from some highly selective remarks about an issue in philosophy of history which is, by contrast, familiar and respectable: the debate between constructionists and realists. We cannot conceivably have direct acquaintance with, direct access to, the past; by their very nature, past events are over and done with and so unavailable for inspection. This much both camps agree on. However, they differ massively over what follows from this truth. For the constructionist concludes that what he calls the ‘real past’, what actually happened, can play no part whatsoever in historical thought. It is necessarily hidden, and we can have no inkling of it. What, and all, the historian can sensibly claim to know is the ‘historical past’, something which is constituted by and exists only in relation to his thought. Against this, the realist maintains that of course historians do not, necessarily or even typically, constitute the past; rather, they construct accounts of it which will be true if they conform to it as it actually was and false if they do not. And he charges his opponent with a number of fundamental confusions: mistaking accounts of historical events for the events themselves, confusing epistemological matters with ontological, and worst of all equating knowledge with direct perceptual awareness. Now, the realist is, in basics at least, fairly obviously right. And his criticisms are reinforced when we note that constructionists tend to combine with their vision of the impenetrability of the ‘real’ past the thesis that we undoubtedly know that there is a real past, with real people and real events. However, this piece of knowledge must for him, like that of an intelligible world for Kant, ever remain contentless, ‘factually vacuous’.

scholarly journals Oor die bestaan van God en oor niksheid

1997 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobus Labuschagne
Keyword(s):  
Karl Barth ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
The Real ◽  
Subjective Approach ◽  
Existentialist Philosophy ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Departure

On the existence of God and on nothingness The views of Karl Barth and the 'Heilsgeschichte'-tradition on the one hand, and those of Rudolf Bultmann and the 'Formkritik'-tradition on the other hand, do not differ so much on the method of objective historical research. The real differences start to appear on the hermeneutical front, where facts and events referred to in the Scriptures are evaluated and explained. The 'Heilsgeschichte' -tradition is consistent in maintaining an objective point of departure, whilst Bultmann and the 'Form-kritik'-tradition, influenced by existentialist philosophy, reveals a subjective approach. For Bultmann the kerygma cannot be verified historically but only subjectively or existentially. For Barth the kerygma cannot be separated from its true basis of historical events, in and through the person of Jesus Christ. These two different approaches have enormous con-sequences for the question of the existence of God.

scholarly journals ГЕНЕЗА ДУМИ ПРО БРИТАНКУ ЮРІЯ ЯНОВСЬКОГО В КОНТЕКСТІ ТРАДИЦІЙ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ДРАМАТУРГІЇ

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
SWITŁANA KONDRATIEWA
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
General Process ◽  
The Real ◽  
Original Idea ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Trend

The specificity of this article is the consideration not only of the completed text entitled A Duma about Brytanka, but also of the play-forming and creating process, which became possible due to the presence of drafts and draft notes to the work. Therefore, this study is conducted not only in along the lines of literary theory, but also textology. The relevance of the study is that the view from above allows us to comprehend, or even rethink, the play A Duma about Brytanka in the context of the author’s work and also in the context of the Soviet drama landscape in general. Understanding and rethinking the work of predecessors is an important process for comprehending the development of literature as a general process and its development within the national borders. The aim of the study at hand is to determine how the realities of the time and especially the accepted literary trend and historical events influenced the formation of the text of the play. The results of the study show that the original idea of A Duma about Brytanka had much more romantic features, as romanticism as a style of thinking was inherent for Yuri Yanovskyi. However, in the process of creating the play, the author began to rely on the documents that showed the real case of the social republic. The author abandoned the original version and completed the play so that it became much closer to the Soviet canon than to romanticism.

Painting the Painter

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-22
Author(s):  
Fabrice Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
Bande Dessinee ◽  
Marc Chagall ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Life Journey

French cartoonist and filmmaker Joann Sfar has often used the comics medium to reflect on visual representation. His latest bande dessinée, Chagall en Russie ['Chagall in Russia'] (2010-2011), continues some of the meta-pictural elements previously found in his Pascin (2000-2002), which already featured Chagall in several episodes, as well as his acclaimed series, The Rabbi's Cat, where Sfar introduced the character of an anonymous Russian painter, whose biography and artistic stance seemingly referred to that of Marc Chagall. Although Chagall en Russie explicitly refers to the real-life Franco-Russian modernist painter, it is certainly not a standard biographical exercise. By offering a synthetic and often symbolic version of personal and historical events experienced by Chagall, Sfar takes certain liberties with the painter's life story as it was outlined by the artist (in My Life, his 1922 autobiography) and by many biographers and art historians. Sfar does not seek an authentic depiction of his subject's verifiable life journey, but rather views it through a metaphorical narrative, which is itself inspired by Chagall's artistic universe and raises questions about the figurative possibilities of comics.

The Cinema of Francesco Rosi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetana Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
World Cinema ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
Logical Investigations ◽  
Political Realities

Francesco Rosi’s work, which includes an impressive number of individually celebrated films, occupies a unique place in postwar Italian, indeed postwar world, cinema. Over the years, Rosi has offered films that trace an intricate path between the real and the fictive, the factual and the imagined. His films show an extraordinarily consistent formal balance while representing historical events as social emblems that examine, shape, and reflect the national self. They rely on a labyrinthine narrative structure, in which the sense of an enigma replaces the unidirectional path leading ineluctably to a designated end and solution. The truth itself, so fragmented and confused, may never be discovered. Rosi’s logical investigations are conducted by an omniscient eye and translated into a cinematic approach that embraces the details of material reality with the panoramic perspective of a dispassionate observer. This study addresses Rosi’s films as mosaics fashioned out of “clips” collected from the various stages of production, most specifically from the director’s own archival materials. It examines Rosi’s creative use of film as document (and as spectacle). This is, inevitably then, a study of the specific cinematic techniques that characterize Rosi’s work and that visually, compositionally, express his vision of history and the elusive “truth” of past and present social and political realities.

scholarly journals Des angles et des contours dans História do Cerco de Lisboa (une lecture parmi tant d'autres)

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Armando Aguilar de León
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
Principal Character ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Meteorological Phenomenon ◽  
Historical World

This paper analyzes the narrative structure and the literary elements that give Saramago’s novel its postmodern features, focusing in the plot and its uchronic perspective in order to appreciate the sci-fi dimension that the historical events take through the narrative. Our discussion examines the action of the principal character, Raymundo Silva, who proofreads a historical work titled The History of the Siege of Lisbon and decides to deny an important fact: "the crusaders did (not) help the Portuguese forces against the Moorish army". Added to the historical work, this não ("not", in portuguese) produces a disruption over the ‘real’ temporary line. In consequence, the city of Lisbon, at the centre of a meteorological phenomenon, slides in between the medieval siege and contemporary life. Thus, the historical subject resorts to a science fiction procedure: uchrony. Two intradiegetic symbols -the circle and the deleatur- represent the two overlapped universes; the circle refers to the historical world and the deleatur symbolizes the uchronic universe. Therefore, História do cerco de Lisboa is not a sci-fi work, but a postmodern historiographical metafiction.

Los episodios doceañistas y la incorporación de andalucismos al drae (1817)

Revue Romane ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-264
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Carriscondo-Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
Real Academia ◽  
Spanish Region

Abstract In every aspect of life, 19th century Spain was not peaceful. Despite tumultuous times, members of the Real Academia Española (Royal Spanish Academy) managed to publish a new edition of the Diccionario de la lengua castellana ( drae 1817). A notable achievement, they published one of the best editions of the academic dictionary ever. In this paper, I analyze the introduction of words and their meaning from the region of Andalusia. The diatopic labels corresponding to this Spanish region are used widely. I explain the existence of this dialectal lexicon in drae (1817) by connecting it to historical events around 1812. This was the same year when liberal politicians and intellectuals established the Spanish Constitution of 1812 (Constitución política de la monarquía española) in the Andalusian city of Cádiz.

scholarly journals Discourse of war in Oleksa Stefanovych’s poetry

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Тетяна Рязанцева
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Religious Poetry ◽  
The Real ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Military ◽  
Real Places

The is article focuses on the military topics and poetics in the patriotic and religious poetry of Oleksa Stefanovych (1899—1970), one of the most interesting Ukrainian diaspora writers. The question of his personal war experience remains open, but the topic of war and the struggle for independence is an important element of his poetry. The e material for analysis is taken from his Apocalyptic cycle “The World’s End” (“Kinetssvitnie”) inspired by the events of the WWII, from his patriotic poems dedicated to the heroes of Kruty and Oleh Olzhych, and from the fragments of his unfinished poetic works on the tragic events of Bazar (“Do Bazaru”) and Brody (“Do Brodiv”). Based on Aleida Assman’s descriptions concerning the peculiarities of memory representations in literature, the author demonstrates the main points of Stefanovych’s creative strategy. It is focused on the sacralization and mythologization of real places, figures, and events connected with the struggle for Ukrainian statehood in the early 20th century and the participation of Ukrainians in the events of the WWII. Stefanovych sacralizes space and time by putting the real tragedies of Ukrainian history into the Apocalyptic context and interweaving the motifs of martyrdom and heroism. In his poetic universe the sites of historical events become the places of worship, memory or trauma tightly connected with the paradoxical experience of military defeat that turned to be the moral victory. The typical stylistic traits of Stefanovych’s poetry are defined as the balance between the high symbolism and accuracy of naturalistic details, the extreme level of dramatic tension and exact moral accents.  

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