scholarly journals „Nagie życie” w  zakładach dla psychicznie i  nerwowo chorych pod rządami nazistów

2014 ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
Grażyna Gajewska

The principal hypothesis of our inquiry states that the mechanisms of power and controlling human life, practiced by the Nazis during WW 2, reflected the modern approach to the human defined in the categories of life unworthy of life. The studies conducted hitherto in the context of the above hypothesis focus on the sites which in the wake of commemorating the extermination are treated as symbols of the genocide industry, such as the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp. In turn, this article aims to investigate the validity of the hypothesis with regards to a site which so far has not been considered in cultural studies – (for example the Hospital for the Mentally Ill “Dziekanka” in Gniezno – in addition, we treat this hospital as the exemplification of the wider ideological, political, economic phenomenon). I wish to show that the phenomena of reducing and destroying human life, which held no value for the authority, was virtually identical regardless of the place where the extermination took place. Thus, we will establish a new point on the map of memory of the victims of Nazi policies, a site where the annihilation was carried out, at the same time demonstrating the particular features associated with that particular space. The “might” of the German authority during World War 2 was founded on tremendous attention to detail; consequently, that which took place in the sites of mass extermination proceeded in much the same way in those places which are now hardly remembered.

2020 ◽  
pp. 003802612095274
Author(s):  
Kathleen Lynch ◽  
Manolis Kalaitzake ◽  
Margaret Crean

This article examines the ways in which the care-indifferent and gendered character of much political egalitarian theory has contributed to a disregard for the care-relational dimensions of social injustice within the social sciences. It demonstrates how the lack of in-depth engagement with affective relations of love, care and solidarity has contributed to an underestimation of their pivotal role in generating injustices in the production of people in their humanity. While humans are political, economic and cultural beings, they are also what Tronto has termed homines curans. Yet, care, in its multiple manifestations, is treated as a kind of ‘cultural residual’, an area of human life that the dominant culture neglects, represses and cannot even recognize for its political salience. If sociology takes the issue of relational justice as seriously as it takes issues of redistribution, recognition and political representation, this would provide an intellectual avenue for advancing scholarship that recognizes that much of life is lived, and injustices are generated, outside the market, formal politics and public culture. A new sociology of affective care relations could enhance a normatively-led sociology of inequality, that is distinguishable from, but intersecting with, a sociology of inequality based on class (redistribution), status (recognition) and power (representation). It would also help change public discourse about politics by making affective in/justices visible intellectually and politically, and in so doing, identifying ways in which they could be a site of resistance to capitalist values and processes.


2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Paulo Fagundes Visentini ◽  
Analúcia Danilevicz Pereira

The creation of the Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic (ZPCSA) in 1986 and the Gulf of Guinea Commission (GGC) in 2001 was about changes in the distribution of world power. This article argues that though they emerged at different times, their strategic orientation converges in a number of areas related to the significant interests in the South Atlantic as an area of stability in the region to be marked by strong political, economic and military ties. They also converge on the ideal for development, security and greater projection of power and influence in international affairs. The South Atlantic being a route of passage and trade, as a means of access and flow of energy products, the region became a site for new calculations of regional strategic powers about world affairs. The article also argues that ZPCSA and GGC are therefore crucial for the regional order and the development of higher capacities for cooperation on strategic issues. The actual point of convergence extends to ensuring the sovereignty through dialogue between the states in the region that are involved.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomira Kołsut

The action-task approach is a modern approach to language learning and teaching, offering more opportunities for active participation in the class and greater engagement in the learning process than traditional approaches, which include for example the communicative approach. The aim of this publication is to show the action-task approach from multiple perspectives: pedagogical, glottodidactic and neurobiological. In the pedagogical dimension, it refers to the issues of the new culture of learning and teaching and to the constructivist model of learning. In practice, this means that learners acquire knowledge and skills actively through their own actions. This method implies that classes are oriented towards shaping learners‘ independence and their gradual acquisition of autonomy. In the modern school, the learner acquires, apart from knowledge, which is no longer the priority of teaching, the competences needed for future work. In the modern knowledge society, these competences are becoming increasingly important, as they are more difficult to acquire than generally available knowledge. Therefore, during the modern learning process the student is provided with conditions for the development of social, methodological as well as personal competences, which play a very important role in achieving individual well-being. The action-task approach is not only a constructivist way of learning and teaching languages, but also a philosophy, referring to considerations of learning, teaching, perception of reality, communication and interaction with fellow learners, and formation of attitudes and values needed in human life.


2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Doucette ◽  
Bae-Gyoon Park

This special issue highlights an exciting range of contemporary, interdisciplinary research into spatial forms, political economic processes, and planning policies that have animated East Asian urbanization. To help situate this research, this introductory article argues that the urban as form, process, and imaginary has often been absent from research on East Asian developmentalism; likewise, the influence of developmentalism on East Asian urbanization has remained under-examined in urban research. To rectify this issue, we propose a concept of urban developmentalism that is useful for highlighting the nature of the urban as a site of and for developmentalist intervention in East Asia. We then outline the contribution made by the articles in this special issue to three key themes that we feel are germane for the study of urban developmentalism across varied contexts: geopolitical economies, spaces of exception, and networks of expertise.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Sherwan Hussein Hamad ◽  
Talar Sabah Omer

           Every Friday, articles were presented at mosques, and the subject of  the articles involved all aspects of human life, political, economic, social,…Any phenomenon in the society is mentioned in religious speeches. These articles will be part of religious discourse in Kurdistan, one of the subjects we have chosen for this investigation and we will study it from the perspective of a speech by Mala Araz about condemning the Turkish attack on the kurds. The aim of our study is to analyze religious discourse from a pragmatic perspective to achieve the goal that we have analyzed in the methodology, and we have received an example from the book" Mala Araz", which is in the context of the central Kurdish language kurmanji dialect.


Problemos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Aistė Bartkienė

Antrajame svarstomos temos straipsnyje (pirmasis – Bartkienė 2011) analizuojami bioetinių prieštarų sprendimo būdai, pateikti P. Singerio ir T. Engelhardto teorijose. Abu teoretikai naudoja vienaprincipinę prieigą, laikydamiesi nuostatos, kad užtenka vieno esminio principo nustatant normatyvines bioetikosgaires. P. Singeris, plėtodamas utilitarinę poziciją, kvestionuoja tradicinę asmens sampratą. T. Engelhardtas, pabrėždamas pagarbos autonomijai principą, pasiūlo deontologinę bioetikos versiją. Viena vertus, nagrinėjami autoriai formuluoja aiškias normatyvines gaires, reikalingas sprendžiant bioetinesprieštaras. Kita vertus, jų pateikti siūlymai vertintini ypač atsargiai, nes pabrėžiant asmens sampratos reikšmę atmetamos tradicinės medicinos etikos vertybės – geradarybė ir pagarba žmogaus gyvybei. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad aptariamos teorijos, marginalizuodamos labiausiai pažeidžiamas socialinesgrupes, tokias kaip protiškai neįgalūs asmenys ir maži vaikai, atveria kelią dehumanizuotai ir komercializuotai medicinai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: bioetika, autonomija, geradarybė, žala, teisingumas.A Search for Methodological Basis in Bioethics (II): Monoprinciple ApproachAistė Bartkienė SummaryThe second paper in the series (see Bartkienė 2011) is designated to disclose the ways of solving the bioethical problems proposed by P. Singer and T. Engelhardt. Both thinkers use one principle approach maintaining that a single main principle is sufficient for acquiring basic normative guides in bioethics. Singer develops a utilitarian position and is questioning traditional notion of a person. Engelhardt is emphasizes the principle of respect for autonomy and proposes deontological conception of bioethics. On one hand, these theories offer clear normative guidance for resolving bioethical controversies in the sphere of medicine. On the other hand, these proposals should be evaluated very carefully because by stressing the significanceof the notion of a person both theories reject traditional values of medical ethics, such as beneficence and respect for human life. Marginalizing the mostvulnerable groups of society, such as mentally ill and small children, they open the path for dehumanized and commercialized medicine.Key words: bioethics, autonomy, justice, utilitarianism.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Natsir

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Islam agama Rahmatan lil ‘alamin yang mengajarkan sikap <em>wasathiyah</em> sesuai dengan metodologi Al-Qur’an, yaitu lembut, santun, ramah, berlapang dada, dan mengandalkan kekuatan doa. Wajah Islam Nusantara yang dibawa oleh para mujahid sufi wali sanga adalah  sangat kental diwarnai oleh corak Tasawuf, yaitu corak keIslaman yang lembut, santun dan toleran. Para Ulama’ dari kurun waktu ke waktu yang lain telah memposisikan dirinya sebagai obor umat, yang senantiasa membimbing umat agar menjadi sebatang pohon yang indah. Akar keyakinan yang kokoh; batang, dahan, ranting dan dedaunannya adalah istiqomah; sedangkan buah pohon keIslaman adalah integritas akhlak, etika, dan moral.</p><p>Ajaran Islam memiliki tiga pilar; iman, Islam dan ihsan, kemudian berkembang menjadi akidah, syari’ah, dan akhlak atau tawhid, fikih dan Tasawuf. Ihsan merupakan essensi Tasawuf dan sebaliknya, keduanya merupakan pilar utama untuk membangun pribadi Muslim yang saleh, yaitu pribadi yang tercermin pada diri dan perilaku Nabi Muhammad SAW sebagai Al-Qur’an hidup.</p><p>Indonesia telah masuk pada abad ke-21 atau abad global, banyak masyarakat muslim yang berhasil menduduki posisi strategis di segala ranah kehidupan; politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya, yang seharusnya mewarnai Indonesia dengan nilai-nilai keIslaman semisal etos kerja, produktifitas, professional, dan integritas yang berujung pada <strong>kemaslahatan umat manusia</strong>. Akan tetapi, moralitas mereka kotor karena hanya menunjukkan simbol-simbol keIslaman saja. Ihsan (Tasawuf) dipahami secara inklusif; terbatas pada ranah perilaku peribadatan saja, sehingga Rekontekstualisasi nilai-nilai Tasawuf pada seluruh ranah kehidupan manusia akan menjadi wujud perilaku nyata sebagai representasi dari nilai ajaran tasawuf itu sendiri untuk mewujudkan <em>maslahah</em> bagi manusia yang dinamis seiring perkembangan zaman.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci : Representasi, Tasawuf, masyarakat, global</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p> </p><p>Islam Rahmatan lil 'alamin religion that teaches attitude wasathiyah accordance with the methodology of the Qur'an, that is gentle, courteous, friendly, diledang chest, and rely on the power of prayer. The face of Islamic archipelago brought by the Sufi sage mujahid is very strongly colored by the style of Sufism, ie the pattern of keIslaman gentle, polite and tolerant. The Ulama 'from time to time others have positioned themselves as the torch of the Ummah, who constantly guides the people into a beautiful tree. The root of firm beliefs; stems, branches, twigs and leaves are istiqomah; while the fruit of Islamic trees is the integrity of morals, ethics, and morals.</p><p>Islamic teachings have three pillars; faith, Islam and ihsan, then developed into aqidah, shari'ah, and morals or tawhid, fiqh and mysticism. Ihsan is the essence of Sufism and vice versa, both of which are the main pillars for building a pious Muslim personality, a person who is reflected in the self and behavior of Prophet Muhammad as the living Qur'an.</p><p>Indonesia has entered the 21st century or the global century, many Muslim societies have succeeded in occupying strategic positions in all spheres of life; political, economic, social and cultural rights, which should color Indonesia with Islamic values such as work ethic, productivity, professional, and integrity that lead to the benefit of mankind. However, their morality is dirty because it shows only the symbols of Islam. Ihsan (Sufism) is understood inclusively; confined to the domain of religious behavior only, so that Rekontekstualisasi the values of Sufism on the entire realm of human life will be a manifest behavior as a representation of the value of the teachings of Sufism itself to realize the maslahah for human dynamic as the times.</p><p><strong>Keywords: Representation, Sufism, society, global</strong></p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Larisa Utkina

The article builds up the image of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) on the basis of publications in modern British media (BBC News, the Times and several others) of the last 3 decades. The articles were selected by key-words Search (Kaliningrad/Königsberg/Kaliningrad- Königsberg). This method gave 70 stories from BBC News and 65 articles from The Times (some articles from the Guardian, the Independent and the Sun are also included). The techniques of creating the image with linguistic means are described. The historical, social, political, economic and cultural aspects of inculcating the image into the readers’ minds are dwelt on. The main topics discussed in the publications are: 1) World War 2; 2) German heritage in the city (I. Kant, etc.); 3) downs and ups in the development of the region; 4) military issues and worries of neighbor countries (Poland, Lithuania); 5) Soccer World Cup 2018 (Kaliningrad was one of its locations). Several other topics are also covered. The analysis, in general, shows that the image created does not look very positive, except for the fantastic atmosphere during World Cup.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Faissal Malik

The threat of capital punishment is seen as an appropriate type of crime threatened against narcotics offenders with the qualifications of producers and dealers, because narcotics is a serious crime and the nature of the offenders who have a network to produce and circulate narcotics for business or economic purposes only so that their actions can cause great danger or have a profound effect on human life and national life in the political, economic, social, cultural and national defense sectors. In the end the deterrent effect with a very severe sentence, including the threat of capital punishment, became the target to achieve the goal of enacting Law Number 35 Year 2009 on Narcotics in addition to providing narcotics for health needs and scientific development, also intended to reduce the quantity of perpetrators of abuse and circulation dark narcotics. Although it is realized that with the enactment of this law, the number of drug abuse and distribution by the perpetrators does not deter and can educate producers and distributors of the sentences not proportional to their actions compared to the consequences suffered by victims. In other words, the target of the regulation of death penalty in this law is not only for death row inmates, but also for potential perpetrators who have not yet been sentenced to death. Therefore, the threat of capital punishment aims to suppress the high crime rate, which in the end the community becomes orderly, peaceful and safe. Keywords: narcotics, capital punishment, punishment


Author(s):  
Richard Kraut

The Quality of Life: Aristotle Revised presents a philosophical theory about the constituents of human well-being. It begins with Aristotle’s thoughts about this topic, but often modifies and sometimes rejects them. The principal idea is that what Aristotle calls “external goods” (wealth, reputation, power) have at most an indirect bearing on the quality of our lives. A good internal life—the way in which we experience the world—is what well-being consists in. Pleasure is one aspect of this experience, but only a small part of it. Far more valuable is the quality of our emotional, intellectual, social, and perceptual experiences. These aspects of our existence make it potentially richer and deeper than the quality of life available to many other animals. A good human life is immeasurably better than that of a simple creature that feels only the pleasures of nourishment. Even if it felt pleasure for millions of years, human life would be superior. Contemporary discussions of well-being often appeal to a thought experiment devised by Robert Nozick, which holds that we should not attach ourselves to an “experience machine”—a device that manipulates our brains and gives us any illusory experiences of our choosing. This is thought to show that one’s interior life has little or no value on its own; that we must live in “the real world” to live well. In fact, however, this thought experiment supports the opposite conclusion: the quality of our lives consists in the quality of our experiences.


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