FUNERAL MATERIALISM AND THE EXOGENEOUS CHANGE AMONG THE URHOBO PEOPLE

This paper aimed at examining the financial involvement and exogenous changes associated with funeral ceremonies among the Urhobo people in recent time. It argues that over a period of time, from the era of colonialism in Nigeria, social change factors and processes such as urbanization, modernization and globalization have introduced continuous changes in the Nigerian culture of which the Urhobo culture as regards to funeral ceremony have greatly been affected. This paper observed that, due to response to new technology, innovative ideas and evolving values from home and abroad, special traditional passage rite for the dead have given way to mega parties for celebrations and show of affluence to friends and social clubs members. It is now difficult to see the tears of children and family members at interment venue rather, they are more concerned about entertaining their friends and associates in reception venues. Some problems generated by this modern trend are highlighted by this write up as; financial crises, stress and ill health, marital problem/divorce, drunkenness and high crime rate among others. This paper therefore concludes that this trend is posing serious threat to the unity, economic growth and development of the Urhobo Nation. It recommends among others, that Urhobo People should be re-socialized properly to imbibe the traditions and values of their culture.

Strategi Tata Kelola Keamanan di Wilayah Rawan Tindak Kriminalitas Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19

Security and orderliness is a basic need that is always expected by the community carrying out their daily activities. Lampung Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a fairly high crime rate. Especially in the Bandar Lampung area, the security and public order situation (Kamtibmas) is dominated by the problem of criminal acts of theft with violence and theft of motor vehicles or what is often called Curat, Curas and Curanmor (C3). The Bandar Lampung City Police is one of the state institutions that has the duty and obligation to maintain and at the same time create security and order in the area which is its responsibility. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach, data collection is done by observation, documentation and interviews. The results show that the implementation of the strategy carried out by the Bandar Lampung City Police in realizing security governance has not been maximally achieved because based on the data obtained, the crime rate has increased by 5% in the current Covid-19 pandemic era.

The Indian Approach to Criminal Justice: The Role of Traditional Courts as Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms

South Africa and India both struggle with a high crime rate and case backlogs in the mainstream courts. Both countries have a pluralistic system where state law consists of formal law and customary law. Both have mainstream and traditional courts following dispute resolution based on traditional values and principles. The panchayat system in India is comparable to traditional authorities in South Africa. The panchayat system performs judicial-like functions, and traditional courts operate at informal (nyaya panchayat) and formal (gram nyayalayas) levels in the rural areas. The lok adalat system is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism employed by the Indian government to address the high crime rate and court backlogs. Statistics reveal that these alternative justice mechanisms based on traditional values and principles have successfully cleared some backlogs. South Africa is in the process of adopting legislation on traditional courts, and it is envisaged that the Traditional Courts Bill [B1-2017] will soon be transformed into law. In reconsidering traditional courts’ role in the South African criminal justice system, it is worthwhile to explore what the Indian government has been doing in this regard. The main aim is to analyse the Indian approach to criminal justice regarding dispute resolution examples based on traditional laws, namely the panchayat system (nyaya panchayats and gram nyayalayas) and also lok adalats in a comparative context.

Official Crimes in the Russian Province of the XVIII Century: The Judicial Practice of the Novgorod Governorate

The article is devoted to the study of the factors that determined the high crime rate among officials in the Russian province of the 18th century. On the example of the Novgorod province, the features of the law enforcement practice of the judicial authorities on malfeasance are characterized. The reasons for the ineffectiveness of state policy on combating crimes of official malfeasance are determined.

Over Kapasitas Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Dalam Perespektif Kebijakan Hukum Pidana

Overcapacity of correctional institutions is a serious problem in realizing the objectives of the criminal justice system. This article seeks to identify the causes of overcapacity in prisons and formulate models of criminal law policies that can suppress the overcapacity of correctional institutions in Indonesia. Overcapacity of prisons is caused by: first, the high crime rate and limited prison facilities. Second, over criminalization criminal law policies that are not supported by alternative sanction crimes; easy requirements for detention and length of detention period, and restrictions on the provision of remissions. An integrated approach is needed in reducing overcapacity of prisons through criminal law and social policies, namely the fulfillment of detention facilities in prisons / detention centers and reducing the crime rate. In criminal law policy, decriminalization and depenalization are necessary for certain types of criminal acts to strengthen alternative crimes from imprisonment.

The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Charity Box at Mosque and Musholla as RFID Based Security System

The high crime rate in Indonesia has had a bad impact and loss on society, so that various efforts have been made to increase awareness and security in society. Charity box theft is a target of crime for criminals. For this reason, it is necessary to take strict steps in terms of vigilance and security so that the crime of theft of charity boxes can be avoided. One of the steps to increase awareness and safety is to apply the concept of security to the charity box. By utilizing several supporting sensors and supporting components in the charity box, the security system will work automatically, so that if there is a charity box theft, the system will provide an SMS notification to the mosque management. This research is focused on the problem of security facilities and supervision of charity boxes in mosques or mushalla. Using this system will reduce the risk of theft of charity boxes in mosques and mushalla, because apart from being equipped with an alarm and SMS gateway, this system is also equipped with RFID so that access to open charity boxes can be safer. This form of system works if the charity box is lifted or dismantled by force, the system will provide notification in the form of an alarm and SMS, so that the crime of theft of the charity box can be more aware of.

Formation of Immigrant Neighbourhoods in Sweden: a Case-Study of Rinkeby, Stockholm

The article describes the pattern of the formation of immigrant neighbourhoods in Sweden based on the neighbourhood of Rinkeby in Stockholm as an example. The research involves an analysis of related published studies and empirical data, which made it possible to analyse the urban history of Stockholm and synthesise the causes, premises and the timeline of Rinkeby’s development, including the Million Homes Programme and the consequences of the state housing policies on the neighbourhood. The article considers the infrastructural features of the neighbourhood nowadays, including the immigrant-oriented facilities and institutions and the prevalence of non-profit municipal rental housing, as well as the demographic characteristics of its inhabitants, including the classification of the population by the time of settlement in the neighbourhood. Finally, the article explores possible reasons for Swedes to avoid settlement in Rinkeby, such as low prestige, high percentage of immigrants in the population, high crime rate etc., as well as possible causes for further attractiveness of Rinkeby for immigrants, including shorter housing queues, immigrant infrastructure and culture in the neighbourhood

PROVISIONS ON DEATH CRIMINAL THREATS IN NARCOTIC LAW IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS PERSPECTIVE

The threat of capital punishment is seen as an appropriate type of crime threatened against narcotics offenders with the qualifications of producers and dealers, because narcotics is a serious crime and the nature of the offenders who have a network to produce and circulate narcotics for business or economic purposes only so that their actions can cause great danger or have a profound effect on human life and national life in the political, economic, social, cultural and national defense sectors. In the end the deterrent effect with a very severe sentence, including the threat of capital punishment, became the target to achieve the goal of enacting Law Number 35 Year 2009 on Narcotics in addition to providing narcotics for health needs and scientific development, also intended to reduce the quantity of perpetrators of abuse and circulation dark narcotics. Although it is realized that with the enactment of this law, the number of drug abuse and distribution by the perpetrators does not deter and can educate producers and distributors of the sentences not proportional to their actions compared to the consequences suffered by victims. In other words, the target of the regulation of death penalty in this law is not only for death row inmates, but also for potential perpetrators who have not yet been sentenced to death. Therefore, the threat of capital punishment aims to suppress the high crime rate, which in the end the community becomes orderly, peaceful and safe. Keywords: narcotics, capital punishment, punishment

Implementasi Fuzzy Inference System Untuk Menentukan Tingkat Kriminalitas Di Kota Batam

Kriminalitas merupakan sebuah perbuatan meyimpang serta merugikan banyak orang.Pada tahun 2017 perekonomian Kota Batam menurun, sehigga banyak perusahaan yang tutup dan menyebabkan tingkat pengangguran meningkat.Kejahatan yang marak terjadi saat ini seperti pembegalan, pencopetan, Penipuan, dan penjampretan tanpa belas kasihan bahkan menyebabkan korban meninggal dunia.Contoh kejahatan yang sering terjadi berupa pembegalan dan penjamretan pada daerah tamiang, banyak korban yang berjatuhan, pelaku Tidak segan melukai bahkan menghilangkan nyawa korbannya. Faktor utama penyebab kriminalitas seperti tingkat kesenjangan social, pendidikan, pendidikan, pergaulan, PengangguranLowongan Pekerjaan serta pendidikan sehingga banyak hal yang membuat tingkat kriminalitas yang tinggi di kota Batam. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat kriminalitas di kota Batam, serta sabagai pembelajaran bagi penduduk batam sehingga terhindar dari kejahatan. Metode yang digunakan menggunakansystem max-mix atau logika sugeno, langkah kerja metode fuzzy ada empat, yang pertama pembentukan himpunan fuzzy, yang kedua aplikasi fungsi implikasi yang ketiga komposisi aturan dan yang keempat adalah defuzzifikasi.Fokus penelitian ini berupa 1.Menentukan Tingkat kriminalitas 2.Penyebab kriminalitas 3.Menggunakan metode sugeno dan aplikasi matlab untuk menyelesaikan hasil penelitian. Penelitian ini menghasilkan system mendukung keputusan berupa hasil akhir sebesar 0.72 berada pada posisi Output dengan nilai keputusan tingkat kriminalitas tinggi di Kota Batam. AbstractCrime is an act that deviates and harms many people. In 2017 the economy of Batam City declined so that many companies closed and caused the unemployment rate to increase. Crimes are rife at this time, such as hijacking, pickpocketing, fraud, and mugging without mercy, even causing death. Examples of crimes that often occur in the form of kidnapping and mugging in the Tamiang area, many victims have fallen, the perpetrators do not hesitate to hurt or even kill the lives of their victims. The main factors were causing crime such as the level of social inequality, education, relationships, Job Vacancy Unemployment and education so that many things that make a high crime rate in the city of Batam. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of crime in the city of Batam, as well as learning for residents of Batam, is avoid way. The method used uses the max-mix system or Sugeno logic, there are four steps in the fuzzy process, the first is the formation of the fuzzy set, the second is the application of the implication function, the third is the composition of the rules, and the fourth is defuzzification. The scope of this research is 1. They are using the level of crime 2. Cause of crime 3. They are using the Sugeno method and the application of Matlab to complete the research results. This research results offence ina system was supporting the decision in the form of the final They are determining of 0.72 is in the Output position with a high crime rate decision value in Batam City.

Full range of measures of the system of legal support and surveillance activities aimed at ensuring economic security of entrepreneurship

Business area is an integral part of state’s economy. An entrepreneur, who undertakes their activities legally, participates in the development of a material product, significantly contributes to the improvement of people’s purchasing power and pays taxes to the state budget. In this regard, the government must protect entrepreneurial activities, create favorable conditions to attract citizens into this economy sector. Today business area is associated with a set of actual risks and threats, which include market monopolization, criminalization of a number of economy sectors and parties of business activities, administrative burdens, fraudulent actions taken by certain employees of commercial entities, drawbacks in statutory regulation. Current demand for the optimization of entrepreneurship proves the relevance of elaborating a full range of measures associated with a system of legal support and surveillance activities and aimed at ensuring economic security of this area. Today such a system is particularly demanded due to high crime rate and several other factors taking place in the field of entrepreneurship.