scholarly journals Directed motivational currents: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-541
Author(s):  
Safoura Jahedizadeh ◽  
Ali H. Al-Hoorie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimal Form ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Directed motivational currents, unique and intense goal-directed motivational surges lasting over a period of time, have received increasing attention recently. This article reports the first systematic review of this phenomenon. A total of 21 reports appearing between 2013 and 2020 were included in the analysis. The results show that the majority of empirical reports were small-scale qualitative studies (median = 18 participants). The evidence on the three characteristics proposed as necessary and/or distinguishing conditions of directed motivational currents (vision, salient facilitative structure, and positive affect) is inconclusive due to the presence of directed motivational currents cases not exhibiting these features, and the absence of direct comparative analyses with non-directed motivational currents cases. A few intervention studies (N = 4) were conducted, but their results are also inconclusive due to a number of methodological limitations. Contrary to the claim that directed motivational current experiences are the “optimal form” of motivation, the results additionally showed that these experiences could lead to intense stress, anxiety, depression, sleeplessness, and panic attacks, thereby raising ethical concerns about deliberately inducing directed motivational currents in learners. We conclude that, although the concept of directed motivational currents is promising, more research is needed to reach a better understanding of its potential. We end this article by suggesting directions for future research into directed motivational currents, including renaming them as sustained flow.

Small-Scale Deliberation and Mass Democracy: A Systematic Review of the Spillover Effects of Deliberative Minipublics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110072
Author(s):  
Ramon van der Does ◽  
Vincent Jacquet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mass Democracy

Deliberative minipublics are popular tools to address the current crisis in democracy. However, it remains ambiguous to what degree these small-scale forums matter for mass democracy. In this study, we ask the question to what extent minipublics have “spillover effects” on lay citizens—that is, long-term effects on participating citizens and effects on non-participating citizens. We answer this question by means of a systematic review of the empirical research on minipublics’ spillover effects published before 2019. We identify 60 eligible studies published between 1999 and 2018 and provide a synthesis of the empirical results. We show that the evidence for most spillover effects remains tentative because the relevant body of empirical evidence is still small. Based on the review, we discuss the implications for democratic theory and outline several trajectories for future research.

A Systematic Review of Replicative Self-Determination Intervention Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
John L. Luckner ◽  
Rashida Banerjee ◽  
Sara Movahedazarhouligh ◽  
Kaitlyn Millen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
Quality Of Research

Current federal legislation emphasizes the use of programs, interventions, strategies, and activities that have been demonstrated through research to be effective. One way to increase the quantity and quality of research that guides practice is to conduct replication research. The purpose of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the replication research focused on self-determination conducted between 2007 and 2017. Using methods used by Cook and colleagues, we identified 80 intervention studies on topics related to self-determination, of which 31 were coded as replications. Intervention study trends, rate of replication studies, percentage of agreements between findings of original and replication studies, amount of author overlap, and types of research designs used are reported along with recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Career Adaptability Literature and Future Outlook

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire S. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Vocational Tasks ◽  
Occupational Transitions ◽  
Personal Functioning ◽  
Future Work

Researchers in the career domain have embraced the concept of career adaptability as denoted by a rapid growth in the number of published articles in recent years. Career adaptability is a psychosocial construct including both readiness and resources for successfully facing vocational tasks, occupational transitions, and unexpected challenges. To synthesize the research in this field and to suggest directions for future development, this article systematically reviews the studies on career adaptability. The 116 published pieces covered in the review include book chapters and articles, including cross-sectional, longitudinal, and qualitative papers, along with intervention studies, and theoretical contributions. First, the different instruments available to measure career adaptability are presented, after which the research is reviewed in the categories of adaptability resources and adapting responses. Both resources and responses contribute to positive transitions and personal functioning in teenagers through to adults. The article concludes by offering several suggestions for future research, highlighting the theoretical, practical, empirical, and methodological contributions that future work in this domain could make.

scholarly journals Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 2. A systematic review of qualitative studies

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2950-2970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Braun ◽  
Daksha P Trivedi ◽  
Angela Dickinson ◽  
Laura Hamilton ◽  
Claire Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
At Home

Background People living with dementia often develop distressing behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) that can affect their quality of life and the capacity of family carers and staff providing support at home. This systematic review of qualitative studies considers the views and experiences of people living with dementia and care providers about these symptoms and what helps to reduce their impact. Methods The two-stage review involved (a) An initial mapping of the literature to understand the range of BPSD, and how it is operationalised by different groups, to develop a search strategy; (b) A search of electronic databases from January 2000 to March 2015, updated in October 2016. Included studies focused on people living in their own homes. Data extraction and thematic analysis were structured to provide a narrative synthesis of the evidence. Results We retrieved 17, 871 records and included relevant qualitative papers (n = 58) targeting community-dwelling people with dementia and family carers around the management of BPSD. Five key themes were identified: (1) Helpful interventions/support for BPSD management, (2) Barriers to support services for BPSD management, (3) Challenges around recognition/diagnosis of BPSD, (4) Difficulties in responding to aggression and other BPSD, and (5) Impact of BPSD on family carers and people living with dementia. Conclusions Family carers sometimes feel that their experiences of BPSD may not be evident to professionals until a crisis point is reached. Some helpful services exist but access to support, lack of knowledge and skills, and limited information are consistently identified as barriers to their uptake. The lack of common terminology to identify and monitor the range of BPSD that people with dementia living at home may experience means that closer attention should be paid to family carer accounts. Future research should include qualitative studies to evaluate the relevance of interventions.

Holistic Comfort Interventions for Pediatric Nursing Procedures: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
April A. Bice ◽  
Tami H. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Pediatric Nursing ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Pain Anxiety

Comfort interventions for children during invasive nursing procedures have been well documented in the literature. It is important, however, to distinguish between the provision of holistic comfort management and pain alleviation. Holistic comfort focuses on treating the child’s whole procedural experience and includes more than simply reducing pain. In this literature review, 33 intervention studies were examined. These studies focused on evaluating comfort effects from nursing interventions on pain, anxiety, fear, and distress. Four themes of procedural comfort intervention emerged: music therapy, amusement and entertainment, caregiver facilitation, and a multifaceted approach. Important findings of this review, gaps in the literature, and implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Interventions to Promote Positive Affect and Physical Activity in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults—A Systematic Review

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Klos ◽  
Katharina Feil ◽  
Tanja Eberhardt ◽  
Darko Jekauc
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
School Interventions

Interventions to promote physical activity (PA) in children, adolescents and young adults based on social-cognitive theories often fail to increase PA. In recent years, affect-based approaches have gained interest, but the current state of research is not sufficiently reported. Therefore, a systematic review about the influence of interventions to promote positive affect and PA enjoyment and PA in children, adolescents and young adults was conducted. Literature searches were carried out including studies published between September 2009 and April 2019. Intervention studies targeting healthy children, adolescents or young adults and measuring enjoyment and PA were included. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, including five group-based PA interventions, three multi-component school interventions, two internet-based interventions and three exergaming interventions. Most studies use multiple components in their intervention. Group-based PA programs incorporating task-oriented teaching styles and opportunities for voluntary PA are most consistently associated with positive findings. This review shows moderate evidence of interventions for children, adolescents and young adults being effective in increasing enjoyment and PA. Besides physical education and comprehensive school interventions, heterogenous intervention designs limit the comparability of studies. Future research should focus on theory-based, multi-component interventions with mediator analyses.

scholarly journals Digital interventions for people living with non-communicable diseases in India: A systematic review of intervention studies and recommendations for future research and development

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205520761989615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mahbub Hossain ◽  
Samia Tasnim ◽  
Rachit Sharma ◽  
Abida Sultana ◽  
Araish Farzana Shaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Digital Interventions

Background A high burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is contributing to high mortality and morbidity in India. Recent advancements in digital health interventions, including mHealth, eHealth, and telemedicine, have facilitated patient-centered care for NCDs. Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate the current evidence on digital interventions for people living with NCDs in India and the outcomes of those interventions. Methods We adopted PRISMA guidelines and systematically reviewed articles from MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Scopus databases with following criteria: journal articles presenting digital intervention(s) used by people with at least one of the NCDs, reporting health outcomes following the intervention, studies conducted in India among Indian population. Results Among 1669 articles retrieved from multiple sources, only 13 articles met our criteria. Most ( n = 7) studies were conducted in southern states of India; eight studies included patients with diabetes, followed by neuropsychiatric disorders and other NCDs. Five studies recruited participants from tertiary hospitals; six interventions used text-messaging for delivering health services, and 10 studies reported randomized controlled trials. All the studies reported positive health outcomes following the intervention, including better self-management, increased patient–provider communication, improved medication adherence, and reduced disease symptoms. Most studies scored moderate to high in quality assessment checklist of Downs and Black. Conclusion Current evidence suggests a low number of interventions with positive outcomes. Future research should explore avenues of advanced technologies ensuring equitable and sustainable development of digital health interventions for people living with NCDs in India.

scholarly journals Land and heterogenous constraints nexus income diversification strategies in Ethiopia: systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esubalew Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Diversification Strategies

Abstract Background Agriculture is a key to Africa’s future. With alarming population growth, the quest for land increases not only for farming, but also for housing, and the building of industries. Likewise, Ethiopian highlands, cultivated landholding sizes are very small and the land-to-man ratio is declining over time. This exposes the young rural population to facing severe land constraints, poverty, and food insecurity. In addition, constraints facing rural households are inevitably varied and diverse. Hence, this paper examines an in-depth and systematic review of how the rural economy responds to the existing land constraints and what specifically drives them for income diversification outlooks; accumulative or survival strategies in the spatial and temporal dimensions. Method We have used a systematic review with concept definitions and a qualitative approach that relies on the analysis of current literature and deductive logical reasoning to generate a comprehensive scientific understanding of a topic that can capitalize information for future research and policies. Different inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and filtered pertinent articles to this study in countrywide verdicts. Result The burgeoning literature underscores farm sizes are strongly and positively correlated with net farm income and overall livelihood options, and land constraint leads to rural poverty. One of the pressing issues in rural, as well as urban areas, is that millions of small-scale farmers are becoming landless, and forced as daily laborers for other income sources or joining the already massively overloaded urban and peri-urban low-productivity services sector. In addition, skill, capital (financial and physical), and multiple constraints coupled with the small land sizes including high unemployment, social tension, migration and crowding out the nearest towns. Further, findings pointed out that rural market failures—particularly in the areas of land and finance—force poorer subpopulations to choose strategies with demonstrably lower returns, while wealthier ones are engaging in higher returns with lower marginal and entry costs of participation. Hence, push-and-pull factors of off-farm and non-farm engagements are the survival strategies and persuade the social welfare of the poor. Conclusion With heterogenous constraints, diversification patterns reflect people's voluntary asset exchanges and asset allocation across diverse activities to attain the best possible balance of projected returns and risk exposure given the restrictions they confront due to missing or incomplete markets for land, credit, or labor. Particular emphasis for the vibrant income diversification strategies should be set in and policymakers must stimulate buoyant rural economies, with robust non-farm and off-farm income and innovative farming practices. Hence, the poor must gain access to the growing market niches and basic infrastructure development. Smooth and unconstrained labor markets provide one important bridge linking the rural poor to growing non-farm opportunities.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics in BMX Racing: A Scoping Review.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Paul Rylands ◽  
Simon Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Meta Analyses

Performance characteristics across a number of cycle sports have been investigated for decades. However, evidence suggests little is known about the performance characteristics in BMX cycling. As a result, a scoping review was undertaken to explore the quantity and themes of research in this area. After adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRIMSA) guidelines 104 studies were identified in the initial search and post screening 17 studies were identified as relevant. These studies were categorised into two sub categories; physical and technical characteristics. The first category, physical performance characteristics included ten studies that analysed torque, cadence, and peak power in relation to velocity and time to peak power. The remaining 7 studies related to technical attributes and focused on the development of an effective gate start technique or analysed techniques deemed important during a BMX race. In addition to the categories, 9 of the 17 studies identified in this review reported reliability issues in collecting performance characteristic data, as well as issues surrounding transference of data from the laboratory to the BMX track. Future research should consider intervention studies examining how time to peak power could be developed and the effect this would have on the start of a BMX race. Future studies may also consider using equipment with higher levels of reliability and testing riders in the track environment. Moreover, this scoping review could serve as a starting point for a systematic review.

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