scholarly journals Napisy filmowe jako źródło ekwiwalentów przekładowych w polsko-czeskim korpusie równoległym InterCorp

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Andrzej Charciarek
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Engine Type

The article focuses on using film subtitles in the process of establishing Polish-Czech language pairs. Research material comes from the resources of the OpenSubtitles website with non-professional subtitling. The research material was analysed using KonText – the main search tool in InterCorp. As a starting point, the author analysed a dictionary entry for the Polish exclamation cholera in a traditional Polish translation dictionary like Polish-Czech Dictionary (Oliva). It presents translation equivalents in translation pairs such as cholera – sakra, hergot, do cholery – do hajzlu, idź do cholery – táhni ke všem čertům, do jasnej cholery – k sakru, do hajzlu, cholera mnie bierze – čerti mě berou. All the translation equivalent pairs have been analysed using the corpus analysis with three functionalities available in the KonText search engine: type of question (typ dotazu), content of the equivalent (obsahuje), and limiting search (omezit hledání). The conducted corpus analysis allowed for the verification of information in the traditional dictionary, but also to find newequivalents that have not been registered yet which could also be used in translation.

scholarly journals Physicists and Astronomers Use Google as a Starting Point for Specific Queries, but Do Not Intentionally Use It to Search for Articles

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Laura Newton Miller
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Information Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
General Search ◽  
Information Event

A Review of: Jamali, H. R., & Asadi, S. (2010). Google and the scholar: The role of Google in scientists' information seeking behaviour. Online Information Review, 34(2), 282-294. Objective – To determine how Google’s general search engine impacts the information-seeking behaviour of physicists and astronomers. Design – Using purposive stratified non-random sampling, a mixed-methods study was conducted which included one-on-one interviews, information-event cards, and an online questionnaire survey. Setting – Department of Physics and Astronomy at University College London. Subjects – The researchers interviewed 26 PhD students and 30 faculty members (23% of the department’s 242 faculty and students), and 24 of those participants completed information-event cards. A total of 114 respondents (47.1% of the department members) participated in the online survey. Methods – The researchers conducted 56 interviews which lasted an average of 44 minutes each. These were digitally recorded, fully transcribed, and coded. The researchers asked questions related to information-seeking behaviour and scholarly communication. Four information-event cards were given to volunteer interviewees to gather critical incident information on their first four information-seeking actions after the interview. These were to be completed preferably within the first week of receiving the cards, with 82 cards completed by 24 participants. Once initial analysis of the interviews was completed, the researchers sent an online survey to the members of the same department. Main Results – This particular paper examined only the results related to the scholars’ information-seeking behaviour in terms of search engines and web searching. Details of further results are examined in Jamali (2008) and Jamali and Nicholas (2008). The authors reported that 18% of the respondents used Google on a daily basis to identify articles. They also found that 11% searched subject databases, and 9% searched e-journal websites on a daily basis. When responses on daily searching were combined with those from participants who searched two to three times per week, the most popular method for finding research was by tracking references at the end of an article (61%). This was followed by Google (58%) and ToC email alerts (35%). Responses showed that 46% never used Google Scholar to discover research articles. When asked if they intentionally searched Google to find articles, all except two participants answered that they do not, instead using specific databases to find research. The researchers noted that finding articles in Google was not the original intention of participants’ searches, but more of a by-product of Google searching. In the information-event card study, two categories emerged based on the kinds of information required. This included participants looking for general information on a specific topic (64%, with 22 cases finding this information successfully), and participants knowing exactly what piece of information they were seeking (36%, with 28 cases finding information successfully). There was no occurrence of using Google specifically to conduct a literature search or to search for a paper during this information-event card study, although the researchers say that Google is progressively showing more scholarly information within its search results. (This cannot be ascertained from these specific results except for one response from an interviewee.) The researchers found that 29.4% of respondents used Google to find specific pieces of information, although it was not necessarily scholarly. Conclusion – Physics and astronomy researchers do not intentionally use Google’s general search engine to search for articles, but, Google seems to be a good starting point for problem-specific information queries.

scholarly journals Phraseologismen im Bereich der Sexualität. Eine lexikographische Analyse an deutschen und polnischen Beispielen

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lidzba ◽  
Krystian Suchorab
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Unwritten Law ◽  
Linguistic Means

People’s sex life is very often, if not always, taboo in everyday life. The theming of this area of life is made possible by various linguistic means that allow one to speak about this content. Phraseological units also serve this purpose. The starting point of this article is the definition of phrasemes according to Burger (2015:11): “Firstly, they [phraseologisms] consist of more than one word; secondly, the words are not put together for this one occasion, but are combinations of words that we, as German speakers, know exactly in this combination (possibly with variants), similar to how we know German words as individual items”. In addition, it is noteworthy that thanks to the characteristic of idiomaticity (cf. Fleischer 1982:30), this taboo is particularly reinforced. At the center of our analysis are phrasemes related to sex life. The research material was taken from German and Polish dictionaries. The purpose of the presentation is to create a typology of thematic areas which are characterized with the help of phrasemes relating to sex life in German and Polish. The article is based on the following definition of a taboo: “an unwritten law that forbids doing certain things based on certain beliefs within a society” (Duden 2015:1735).

scholarly journals Tool for filtering PubMed search results by sample size

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Carlos Baladrón ◽  
Alejandro Santos-Lozano ◽  
Javier M Aguiar ◽  
Alejandro Lucia ◽  
Juan Martín-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Estimate Sample Size ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Validation Tests

Abstract Objective The most used search engine for scientific literature, PubMed, provides tools to filter results by several fields. When searching for reports on clinical trials, sample size can be among the most important factors to consider. However, PubMed does not currently provide any means of filtering search results by sample size. Such a filtering tool would be useful in a variety of situations, including meta-analyses or state-of-the-art analyses to support experimental therapies. In this work, a tool was developed to filter articles identified by PubMed based on their reported sample sizes. Materials and Methods A search engine was designed to send queries to PubMed, retrieve results, and compute estimates of reported sample sizes using a combination of syntactical and machine learning methods. The sample size search tool is publicly available for download at http://ihealth.uemc.es. Its accuracy was assessed against a manually annotated database of 750 random clinical trials returned by PubMed. Results Validation tests show that the sample size search tool is able to accurately (1) estimate sample size for 70% of abstracts and (2) classify 85% of abstracts into sample size quartiles. Conclusions The proposed tool was validated as useful for advanced PubMed searches of clinical trials when the user is interested in identifying trials of a given sample size.

scholarly journals Das Verb „brauen“ im Helgoländischen: mit Beibehaltung der starken Flexion und reich entwickelter Semantik

Us Wurk ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
N. Århammar
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Beer Brewing ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Germanic Languages

The verb „brew“ in the North Frisian dialect of the North Sea island of Heligoland is in two respects remarkable: first it has retained its original strong inflection (section 1) and secondly it developed a number of special meanings during the 19/20th century (section 2). I have tried to demonstrate how this great diversity came about: The starting point for thesemantic development was probably the analogy ʽbrew kettleʼ (for beer brewing) ~ ʽsteam boilerʼ (of steam-boats). In a small seafaring nation a shift of meaning from ʽbrew (beer)ʼ → ʽdrive (a ship)ʼ may seem rather natural; less so the further steps via *ʽmove in generalʼ → ʽwalk briskly, runʼ and so on (→ ʽlive, keep house, manage to get on well (as a single)ʼand ʽbe busy, workʼ etc.). Sense 8. of the dictionary entry, a figurative meaning, stands apart, namely ʽconcoct, contrive, prepare, bring about, causeʼ: spec. evil, mischief, trouble, woe (OED). It is noted that this sense was developed in most Germanic languages and it probably represents a much older sprout on the helig. brau-tree than do the senses 2. to 7. Insection 3, I deal with the helig. idiom Bin brau ʽto bring into disorderʼ and the helig.-wfris. parallel uun Bin ~ yn ʼe/ʼt bûn ʽin disorderʼ. – In the appendix the revised and enlarged word article brau with its prefix compounds is presented

scholarly journals Tradition- and Science-Based Quality Control of Chinese MedicinesIntroducing the Phyto-True System

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1355-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Y Leung
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Multicomponent Complex ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Botanical Medicines ◽  
True System

Abstract The current QC practice of quantifying presumed active chemicals or arbitrarily selected chemical markers is of doubtful value in assessing multicomponent complex traditional Chinese medicines (CMs) and often leads to an inconsistent or irreproducible research and clinical outcome. Consequently, the first and most important step in the QC of CMs (or other botanical medicines) whose exact active chemical components are unknown is to use analytical techniques that can comprehensively define the totality of the components/attributes making up their identity and quality. One of the most versatile techniques is HPTLC. Using HPTLC, along with other simple techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy combined with complementary gene expression profiling, we have been able to correctly identify CM materials, detect adulterants, and differentiate closely related materials and botanical species. Our research has resulted in the introduction of the concept and specimens of Phyto-True Reference Material (PTRM™), aka Representative Botanical Reference/Research Material (RBRM™), now commercially available, and a novel patent-pending technology (Phyto-True™ system) that can serve as a starting point for the meaningful QC of traditional CMs so far not possible for these complex materials. Examples will be highlighted to demonstrate this new concept.

scholarly journals THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF MULTILANGUAGE DICTIONARIES:

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnaz I. Mardanova ◽  
Rezeda N. Karimullina ◽  
Guzel N. Karimullina ◽  
Tatyana E. Karpenko
Keyword(s):  
Data Presentation ◽  
Initial Form ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Head Unit ◽  
Presentation Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Study

There is a need to systematize the information represented by dictionaries in modern bilingual linguography. The microstructure of bilingual (Russian-Tatar, Tatar-Russian) dictionaries is analyzed in the article. The object of the study was more than 200 language reference books (1951-2015) published in Russia.The following system of concepts is considered as a dictionary microstructure: a dictionary entry, a header unit, a phonetic characteristic, a grammatical characteristic, a head unit semantization (interpretation, translation equivalent), compatibility, etymological information, lexicographic illustration and lexicographical litter. Traditional forms of a head unit are described in the course of the analysis, the cases of an initial form unequal submission are revealed, etc. Besides, phonetic characteristics, etymological data presentation methods are analyzed in modern bilingual language reference books. During the analysis of the Tatar dictionary microstructure, it was found that not all vocabularies contain all of the listed zones, an initial form of a header unit is not fed in the same way, several words can be used as a head unit, most of the dictionaries (56% of the total number) has no examples of use, dictionary marks (grammatical, terminological, etc.) within the same dictionary; they are presented inconsistently. A comprehensive study of dictionary microstructure demonstrates the existence of various kinds of discrepancies and inaccuracies, which are associated mainly with the violation of one of the leading principles of linguography - the principle of uniformity.

scholarly journals LEXICAL COLLOCATION PRODUCTIVITY OF INDONESIAN L2 WRITERS IN ESSAY: A COMPARATIVE CORPUS-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenni Arif Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Language Mastery

The richness of collocation usage reflects the language mastery of English users. However, it has been recognized that L2 users often have problems with collocations due to several reasons. This study reports on lexical collocation productivity of Indonesian L2 writers   to English-native writers in  essays. The corpora were taken from 20 essays written by Indonesian L2 writers and English-native writers in English newspaper opinion column. To conduct the analysis, this study employed corpus-based comparative analysis   suggested by Gonzales and Ramos. This is done by extracting all lexical collocation from the text by utilizing AntConc, a corpus analysis software. Then, collocations were sorted out from free combinations and collocation errors by using https://skell.sketchengine.eu, a reference corpora search-engine. The average use of lexical collocation of Indonesian L2 writers in essays was compared with lexical collocation of English-native writers. The results showed that Indonesian L2 writers is less productive than English-native writers in utilizing lexical collocation in their essays. Of the 4481 token in Indonesian L2 essays, there were 226 collocation in use or 50 collocations per 1000 token. That result was much lower than English-native collocation in essays which reports 80 collocations per 1000 token or 320 collocations of 3968 token.

scholarly journals Gourmandise in the hierarchy of values: A case study of French and Belgian proverbs and sayings

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-990
Author(s):  
Natalia U. Nelyubova ◽  
Polina S. Syomina ◽  
Vitalija Kazlauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
French Language ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Starting Point

The paremiological stock of a language is an important source of axiological information that helps to identify the features of a culture, peoples mentality, and their worldview. The paper is devoted to the study of gourmandise as a component of the French and Belgian worldviews reflected in the French language paremias. The aim of the research is to determine its place in the hierarchy of values of the native speakers of French and its Belgian variant. The research material includes 202 units obtained from Dictionnaire de proverbes et dictons (121 units) and from Proverbes et dictons de Belgique francophonie (81 units). The research methods include semantic, axiological, quantitative, and comparative analyses. The results of the study indicate that 5,9% of French and 6,6% of Belgian units of the total number presented in the dictionaries are devoted to food and gourmandize, which proves that they occupy an important place in the hierarchy of values in both cultures. More than half of the gastronomic proverbs and sayings have a positive connotation. Some types of food, such as bread, butter, and eggs, are symbolic for both ethnic groups. The analysis of gastronomic realities has revealed similar French and Belgian values (such as wealth, prosperity, happiness, health, pleasure, life) and antivalues (poverty, hunger, misery, disease, death, etc.). The obtained data contribute to the axiological studies of the worldview of the native speakers of various variants of the French language and can serve as a starting point for conducting similar research of other values, including those based on the material of other languages and cultures.

scholarly journals Postawy internautów wobec szczepionek w dobie pandemii na przykładzie wybranych memów internetowych

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2 (11)) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pataj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
General Category ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Active Audience ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Starting Point

The aim of this article is to discuss the attitudes exhibited by internet users to vaccines during the pandemic. It is assumed here that the activities of internet users fall within the general category of the activity of media users, while memes are a way to manifest the users’ attitude to specific issues. The article employs the active audience theory and elaborates on the phenomenon of internet memes as a key category of research. The research material comprises messages posted on Demotywatory.pl that are subject to content analysis. The material is first categorized on the basis of its connection to the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, the internet users’ attitudes are determined – whether they support or reject vaccinations – and the implications of particular messages are analysed. The research results make it possible to pinpoint the attitude of a given group to the issue of vaccination. Further, they show that health issues are often a starting point for a broader discussion (and critique) on the level of political communication.

scholarly journals DOES PANDEMIC HAVE A SILVER LINING? A CONTRASTIVE CORPUS STUDY OF COLLOCATIONS WITH PANDEMIC IN MEDIA TEXTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Galyna Tsapro ◽  
Olha Sivaieva
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Prosody ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
The Given ◽  
Silver Lining

The research is devoted to the contrastive corpus analysis of the semantic prosody of collocations with PANDEMIC in the broadsheet ‘The Guardian’ and the tabloid ‘The Mirror’. The corpora have been processed with the help of Sketch Engine and the collocations with PANDEMIC have been analysed. The study mostly concentrates on the verbs with PANDEMIC as subject and object as most representative in media texts. The dictionary definition of PANDEMIC interprets it as a word with negative semantic prosody. The discourse analysis of the data obtained proves that collocations containing this collocate have negative semantic colouring as well. The following verbs start, hit, lead, cause, force, mean, devastate, which are common for both newspapers, represent PANDEMIC as a metaphorical image of a disaster, and the verbs specific for ‘The Mirror’ – bring, abate, inflict, scupper, kill, give, show, go on – support the given picture. However, the verbs unique for ‘The Guardian’ – strike, affect, shine, reveal, create, take, turn, remain – mostly outline the starting point or describe problems people have to face during pandemic times. Still some verbs in ‘The Guardian’, for example exacerbate and stop, also contribute to the frightening portrayal of a supernatural power terrorising humans. Both newspapers sketch personal stories, describe problems in business, trading, travelling, but ‘The Guardian’ puts more emphasis on international affairs and governments’ decisions and responsibility.

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