Nuclear industry: the need for outreaching. The point of view of the stakeholders: the workers

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Carlo Meazzi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry

Scope

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Wei Shen ◽  
Benjamin Rouben
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Light Water Reactors ◽  
Reactor Physics ◽  
Light Water ◽  
Computational Schemes ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Reactors ◽  
And Mathematics

From the educational point of view, there are many textbooks on reactor physics used at various universities in the world. However, most of these textbooks focus either on application to Light Water Reactors (LWRs), or on the theory and mathematics, with a significant number of equations and computational schemes. Or else they were written more than 20, or even more than 60, years ago, and therefore they do not reflect the evolution of reactor concepts and engineering requirements since then. All those categories of books are either difficult to follow for non-physicists working in the nuclear industry, or else are of little value for those who are interested in special features of CANDU reactor physics.

THE ROLE OF NATIONAL CONTEXT IN ENSURING NUCLEAR SAFETY CULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
E. V. VOLKOV ◽  
◽  
A. V. EMELIANOVA ◽  
A. M. KARYAKIN ◽  
A. V. YUNIKOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
National Security ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
National Context ◽  
The Impact

The article examines various aspects of the impact of national context, from the point of view of the national security of the nuclear industry, the role of the organizational structure. The interrelation and mutual influence of the national traits of the Russian character on ensuring security – leadership, the ability to learn and develop, and the climate in the team-is revealed.

Modelling of Pulse Height Spectra of Gamma Detectors for Simplified Models of a Radioactive Cloud

ANRI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Sergey Gavrilov ◽  
Egor Il'ichev ◽  
Aleksey Kisilev ◽  
Artem Pimenov ◽  
Anton Shvedov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Simplified Models ◽  
Radioactive Cloud ◽  
Radionuclide Composition ◽  
Gamma Sources ◽  
Conducting Research

The paper considers the issues of determining the pulse height spectra of gamma detector from a radioactive cloud. This task is of interest from the point of view of possible improvement of existing systems for monitoring the radiation situation around nuclear power plants and nuclear industry enterprises due to the wider use of gamma-spectrometric equipment. Modeling of pulse height spectra will allow conducting research on the capabilities of monitoring system posts for detecting radionuclides in the radioactive cloud. A general approach to modeling pulse height spectra using division of the radioactive cloud into elementary gamma sources is developed. The pulse height spectra of scintillator NaI ∅63×63 mm are calculated for simplified models of the radioactive cloud in the form of a linear gamma source and a semi-infinite space. The obtained data can be used for rapid estimates of pulse height spectra, while the formulated approach to spectra modeling also allows for more time-consuming calculations for an arbitraryshaped radioactive cloud with an arbitrary radionuclide composition.

A Novel Approach for Bounding the Stress Experienced by the Core of Utility-Scale Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers Under Thermohydraulic Loads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Katz ◽  
Mark C. Messner ◽  
Devesh Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Utility Scale

Abstract Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) have rapidly gained popularity since being introduced nearly three decades ago, and they are currently widely deployed in the petrochemical and aviation industry. Their compactness, thermohydraulic efficiency, inherent suitability for high temperature/pressure fluids containment, and demonstrated durability are some of the reasons the nuclear industry is seeking to adopt this technology as well. However, the relatively strict nuclear-related regulatory design codes, especially when classified as critical to the safety of the reactors, are posing challenges to adopting the technology. From stress analysis point of view, one undesirable feature of PCHEs is their geometrical complexity which is implied by their multi-length-scale features. As a result, a full-scale model of a utility-scale exchanger cannot simply be solved on a computer because meshing such components results in a vast number of degrees of freedom. This work seeks to address the challenge of stress analyses to PCHEs by presenting a method to simplify the geometry of PCHE designs. The models proposed by this work can be practically analyzed on a standard computer and provide a path for implementing ASME design rules. The analyses presented herein are divided into five separate investigations. Each is carried out to incrementally simplify the analyzed model by addressing features such as the shapes of the flow passages, the complex distribution of stress in large components, the three-dimensionality of the stress and strain, the thermal stresses caused by thermohydraulic operation observed experimentally and more.

Molecular-Dynamics Simulation of Displacement Cascades in Zircon (ZrSiO4)

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-P. Crocombette ◽  
D. Ghaleb
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Recoil Nucleus ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Α Decay ◽  
Displacement Cascades ◽  
Displacement Cascade ◽  
Amorphous Zone

ABSTRACTZircon (ZrSiO4) is of great interest for the nuclear industry as it is one of the new crystalline waste form considered for the disposal of actinides, for example weapons' plutonium in USA. In this study the effects of displacement cascade due to α-decay has been modelled from an atomistic point of view by molecular dynamics simulation using Born-Mayer-Huggins empirical potential. The numerical values of the parameters of this potential have been fitted on structural equilibrium properties of the crystal and on atomic arrangements.Displacement cascades are reproduced by accelerating one of the atoms of the cell, thus modelling the effect of the α-decay recoil nucleus. Kinetic energies up to 2 keV have been introduced. The unfolding of the cascades and the final structures have been studied in detail. The centre of the displacement cascade exhibits an amorphous zone where the zircon structure is completely lost. It contains an assembly of distorted SiO4 tetrahedra and disordered zirconium polyhedra. The zirconium ions (originally surrounded by 8 oxygen atoms) exhibit a decrease in their coordination number to 7 or 6 in agreement with what is observed for zirconium ions in amorphous zircon, zirconia or glasses. The size of the amorphous zone and the number of atoms displaced have been estimated for different recoil energies.The energy stored during the cascade has been calculated. It exhibits an overall good agreement with the available experimental data at complete amorphization.The existence of an amorphous track in our calculated cascades shows that the correct model for the amorphisation process should take into account the existence of a direct impact amorphous zone.

scholarly journals Islamism as Threat Factor to Construction and Operation Safety of Nuclear Power Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
A.N. Nedorubov ◽  
N.I. Lobkovskaya ◽  
E.L. Lokonova ◽  
Yu.A. Lupinogina
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Stated Problem

The paper discusses the hazards of construction and operation of nuclear power facilities in Islamic countries or countries with a predominantly Muslim population that is ambiguous about the development of the nuclear industry in their countries. The analysis shows the issue from the point of view of traditional societies and from the position of the leading countries of the world atomic energy and allows us to highlight the most significant and specific features of the stated problem. The analysis shows the issue from the point of view of traditional societies and from the position of the leading countries of the world nuclear energy and allows us to highlight the most significant and specific features of the stated problem. The conclusion is made about the situational and personal nature of the Muslim community life organization and the dominant role of the authoritative religious and community leaders’ personal opinion in solving issues not related to spiritual life. Leaders in the field of nuclear energy have to discern into the essence of the signs, reasons and development directions of religious factors in these states, and as the Islamic world is a significant geopolitical factor in the entire system of international relations, its interests and Islamist position cannot but take into account the world political forces promoting nuclear power.

APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING IN BIOMEDICINE AND ECOLOGY

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-103
Author(s):  
M. N. Kirichenko ◽  
L. L. Chaikov ◽  
M. A. Kazaryan ◽  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Second Virial Coefficient ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The People ◽  
Scattering Technique ◽  
Sensitive Parameters ◽  
Light Scattering Technique

The review is devoted to the modern state of science in the field of light scattering techniques application in the biomedicine and ecology. The theoretical basis of dynamic and static light scattering and the results of modern works of their using for different aims are presented in the work. Since these methods are non-invasive and do not disturb the essential course of different processes, they are useful and irreplaceable for studying the biological samples. Application of the methods for studying of the hydrodynamic radii, molecular weights and distributions of light scattering on biomacromolecular particle sizes in biological liquids already led to the development of techniques of diagnostics of different socially-important deceases (cancer, cardiovascular deceases, and diabetes). The authors of diagnostics found that the ratio of the light intensity on the sizes of albumins and globulins, the mean hydrodynamic radius of protein aggregates and the second virial coefficient are the sensitive parameters to pathological processes development in the human body. The review also presents the results of the works devoted to the study of theinflu ence of the low doses of ions of heavy metals and radioactive radiation on different groups of the population by light scattering. The results showed, for example, that the people involved in the nuclear industry have metabolic disorders. Such works open the possibility of application of light scattering technique for sanogenetic control of the population health, which is relevant from the ecological point of view of environmentally unfriendly territories and industries. The study of the structure and properties of the polymeric and biological gels and effects of different factors on them (including nanoparticles) is the perspective field of light scattering application. The works and their results presented in the review show the broad application of light scattering technique for different biological and ecological aims.

Risk-Based Applications in Industry

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Re´ka Fo´tos ◽  
La´szlo´ To´th
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Communication Interface ◽  
Current State ◽  
Controversial Industries ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Maintenance And Inspection

The concept of risk evaluation exists for centuries. It is present everywhere, in the economy, in the industry and in our everyday life. In the decades past, the role of risk concept is increasing continuously, which is due to a lot of reasonable reasons. The paper shows, why the risk-based applications are extended in more and more branches of industry. This likes to be a “communication interface” between the “economists” and “engineers”. This new improvement in inpection planning involves numerous benefits, but raises some questions, e.g. from the regulatory point of view. What are needed to implement the risk-based strategy and for what can we expected as the result of it? The paper shows a solution of the implementation of the risk-based methodologies, which main principles can be applied in the most fields of industry. The main aim is to focus the maintenance and inspection efforts on the highest risk elements, but how can we establish an adequate order between them, on the basis of risk? Are there any standards or guidelines for risk-based strategies in the different industries? The paper tries to summarize the current state of risk-based approaches, considering the benefits and difficulties of it. The paper concentrates on the nuclear industry, which is one of the most controversial industries, since the whole society is divided on this issue. The concept of risk is unthinkable in this field for a lot of people, including some regulatory bodies. As opposed to it, in some countries there are an acceptable process is the risk-based managing of nuclear power plants. What is the cause of this sharp difference? The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the state of the art in this field and to show the trends in the development of risk-based approaches.

scholarly journals Assessment of Opportunities and Prospects for Diversifying the Activities of State Corporations in the Framework of Modern Organizational and Technological Trends (in the case of the nuclear industry)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Faikov ◽  
D. Yu. Baydarov
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Government Support ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Leading Role

Purpose: determination of the opportunities and definition of prospects of diversification in the field of production of new products (in the case of the nuclear industry), which allows to match the level of a new technological stage and to achieve state goals for import substitution, production of high-tech civilian products of the defense enterprises, creation of mechanisms for state support of leading industries.Methods: the research is based on a comprehensive analysis of diversification and production of new products using scientific and technical, institutional, organizational, and marketing approaches. Methods of empirical analysis were used to assess the opportunities and prospects for the production of new products by nuclear industry enterprises. The research also used methods of comparison, generalization, classification, and graphical representation.Results: as part of the study of diversification processes, the need for a special understanding of the term "new" in relation to technologies and products that correspond to both global technological trends and novelty from the point of view of the manufacturer has been identified. The reasons that motivate nuclear enterprises to develop new products (the need to diversify activities related to nuclear energy, expanding the production of high-tech products by defense enterprises) were determined. Global and national markets, major competitors, government support measures for a number of new products manufactured by the enterprises of the ROSATOM State Atomic Energy Corporation – wind energy, additive technologies, composite materials, digital technologies – were evaluated. It was shown that ROSATOM in some cases forms these markets in Russia creating opportunities for other enterprises. ROSATOM activities meet the world's leading manufacturers practice – the entire technology chain from materials to finished product building, key manufacturers combining. ROSATOM is developing the directions that require interaction between the state and business.Conclusions and Relevance: diversification, including the production of new products, corresponds to both promising organizational and technological trends (industry 4.0, etc.) and the needs of import substitution and diversification. The effective organizational approach is the competencies unification that allows to cover all redistributions and compete with leading global manufacturers. It is necessary to create national markets using public-private partnership where public corporations can play a leading role in order to develop the most promising technological areas. The state should form a system for supporting promising areas in new technologies and products fields.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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