scholarly journals Assessment of Opportunities and Prospects for Diversifying the Activities of State Corporations in the Framework of Modern Organizational and Technological Trends (in the case of the nuclear industry)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Faikov ◽  
D. Yu. Baydarov
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Government Support ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Leading Role

Purpose: determination of the opportunities and definition of prospects of diversification in the field of production of new products (in the case of the nuclear industry), which allows to match the level of a new technological stage and to achieve state goals for import substitution, production of high-tech civilian products of the defense enterprises, creation of mechanisms for state support of leading industries.Methods: the research is based on a comprehensive analysis of diversification and production of new products using scientific and technical, institutional, organizational, and marketing approaches. Methods of empirical analysis were used to assess the opportunities and prospects for the production of new products by nuclear industry enterprises. The research also used methods of comparison, generalization, classification, and graphical representation.Results: as part of the study of diversification processes, the need for a special understanding of the term "new" in relation to technologies and products that correspond to both global technological trends and novelty from the point of view of the manufacturer has been identified. The reasons that motivate nuclear enterprises to develop new products (the need to diversify activities related to nuclear energy, expanding the production of high-tech products by defense enterprises) were determined. Global and national markets, major competitors, government support measures for a number of new products manufactured by the enterprises of the ROSATOM State Atomic Energy Corporation – wind energy, additive technologies, composite materials, digital technologies – were evaluated. It was shown that ROSATOM in some cases forms these markets in Russia creating opportunities for other enterprises. ROSATOM activities meet the world's leading manufacturers practice – the entire technology chain from materials to finished product building, key manufacturers combining. ROSATOM is developing the directions that require interaction between the state and business.Conclusions and Relevance: diversification, including the production of new products, corresponds to both promising organizational and technological trends (industry 4.0, etc.) and the needs of import substitution and diversification. The effective organizational approach is the competencies unification that allows to cover all redistributions and compete with leading global manufacturers. It is necessary to create national markets using public-private partnership where public corporations can play a leading role in order to develop the most promising technological areas. The state should form a system for supporting promising areas in new technologies and products fields.

scholarly journals FISCAL REGULATION OF THE UKRAINIAN CONSUMER MARKET

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Oksana DESYATNYUK ◽  
Viktoriia SIDLIAR
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
National Production ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction. In modern conditions it is important to ensure the competitiveness of one's own country by facilitating the development of high-tech, quality national production, with further stimulation of its exports and protection against fraudulent imports. The research of the state and trends of the consumer market is relevant and necessary for determining the directions and levers of the state's influence on its development. Purpose. The objective of this paper is to research the trends of the Ukrainian consumer market, substantiates possible ways of regulating it with the help of fiscal tools from the point of view of modern protectionism and taking into account globalization and integration requirements. Results. The dynamics and structure of consumer expenditures of households as the main end consumers, the share of imports in the consumer market of Ukraine, foreign trade trends are considered. The import dependence of the consumer market and disturbing tendencies for its strengthening have been revealed. The necessity to support and facilitate the development of national production and deterrence of imports has been identified. Conclusions. The expediency of the implementation of the import substitution policy, the use of fiscal instruments for the development of competitive production with the emphasis on the innovative component is substantiated. Anti-dumping, countervailing and special trade defence measures need to be improved and activated to counteract unfair imports.

METHOD OF COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF OPTIONS FOR JOINT USE OF TRADITIONAL AND NEW TYPES OF HIGH-TECH PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
A. M. Batkovsky ◽  
A. V. Leonov ◽  
A. Yu. Pronin ◽  
A. V. Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Pareto Optimal ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
The Law

In conditions of limited financial resources of the state, the task of assessing the appropriateness and choosing rational options for the joint use of traditional and new types of high-tech products is topical. The paper proposes a method for substantiating rational options for the joint use of traditional and new products of high-tech products, based on the criteria of their comparative technical and economic assessment, namely, comparing the achieved efficiency and the required cost of performing a fixed set of tasks. The dialectical foundations of the method are presented, in particular, it is established that the law of development of high-tech products fully corresponds to the well-known classical law of «denial of denial». The structure of the method, the order of formation of the set of Pareto-optimal options for the joint use of traditional and new products, as well as the algorithm for choosing a rational option are considered.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF FORMING THE DISCOURSE IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
S. Kononov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of a social security modern discourse formation in the framework of a philosophical discussion of the transformation processes of the formation vector of the state security policy. The task of the article, according to the author, is to present the problem of security in conditions when it ceases to be understood, as a concept associated with the idea of preserving the integrity of a state or nation, and functions as a phenomenon with the broadest possible social parameters. Using the methodology of phenomenological, hermeneutic and comparative analysis, the new areas of security research, common difference of which is social and personal orientation are analyzed. The author pays attention to the features of the methodology of works reflecting the point of view of the modern state, works related to the development of a systematic approach to security, works based on an axiological approach and concludes that, despite the expansion of security interpretations, all these approaches retain a common ideological foundation. presupposing the need to preserve the leading role of the state in the field of social security, including the security of the individual and society and the state. All these approaches are based on the policy of responding to emerging threats to the Russian state and do not reflect the needs of a comprehensive strategic goal-setting covering the sphere of socio-economic development of the social system. This circumstance, according to the author, leads to the formation of a security strategy that exists only in the name of protecting the state and does not imply feedback between the state and the social institutions that the state is going to protect, which leads to the ineffectiveness of modern protection measures and the need to find new ways to justify the need for this protection, a new definition of its content and essence

Interaction of Russian business with science: Points of contact and stumbling blocks

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-138
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Simachev ◽  
M. G. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Institutional Interaction ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
The Impact

The paper assesses the influence of science–business cooperation on the activity of firms, analyzes the factors of interaction of Russian companies with academic organizations and universities in the research sphere, identifies barriers to the development of cooperation between business and science. It has been established that companies whose source of innovation was external R&D were more likely to grow over the past 5 years and to create new products. However, a significant effect of the impact of cooperation with domestic research organizations was found only for the dynamics of exports. It is shown that cooperation with domestic science is more typical for high-tech industries and large Russian businesses. The factor inducing firms to outsource research is a significant level of competition. The high cost of external research services and their insufficient quality hinder the development of scientific and production cooperation. One can point to such a barrier as low interest of research organizations in the volume of orders that firms can offer. This is caused by weak institutional change in the Russian science, preservation of its orientation at the state and major players, which significantly limits the opportunities for institutional interaction of small innovative firms with science. It has been shown that the state quite effectively “pushes” companies to interact with research organizations and universities, but the results of such interaction are often unsatisfactory for firms.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN ECONOMY: WHAT IS NOT ENOUGH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIES AND ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
A. V. Yaschenko
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
High Tech ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Thing

The article attempts to assess the results of the development of the Russian economy from the moment of privatization to the present. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that, despite significant resources, including human capital, the economy is stagnating, there are no structural reforms, and high-tech companies do not appear. The main thing is not creating conditions for business development on the principles of self-organization: entrepreneurship, initiative, personal competence and investment. Reforming the socio-economic system of the USSR has no historical analogue, and is perceived as a unique practice of testing some theoretical positions and hypotheses that guided researchers and entrepreneurs in the framework of a market economy, for example, the theory of market equilibrium, theory of the firm, theory of preferences, and others. Russia has demonstrated a kind of phenomenon, both from the point of view of theory and practice of market transformations, when it is not entrepreneurship, not the investment activity of business and the population, but the narrowly selfish interests of persons affiliated with the government, began to determine market processes, such an economy was called the «economy of individuals», And in the case of a direct focus on the state budget,» the economy of the distribution». The transformations could be based on the market experience of a large number of countries, both developed and developing (China), this has not been done. Time was lost on the creation of new jobs; in the industrial orientation of the state, there were no priorities for the development of important industries for national competitiveness. As a result, the economic growth was lost.

OBSTACLES OF IMPLEMENTING GREEN MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITAL BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AbdulLateef Olanrewaju ◽  
Yee Jia Teo ◽  
Fikri Mohamed Sarajul
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Top Management Support ◽  
Maintenance Practice ◽  
Poor Understanding

Demand for green hospital buildings is increasing. While some hospital buildings were designed and constructed as green buildings, many hospital buildings have been upgraded to comply with the green requirements. Green hospital buildings require green maintenance practice. In comparison, procuring green buildings is easy as compared to green maintenance. Through unstructured interviews involving 3 hospitals, this research investigated the complications in the implementation of green maintenance in hospital buildings. The research found that lack of awareness, financial constraints/government support, new technologies, and top management support were the major obstacles toward the implementation of green maintenance. The results also confirmed that the maintenance of hospital buildings is corrective, reactive, and cost-driven. The salient finding from this research is that the maintenance organizations have a poor understanding of the concept of green maintenance practices. Saving energy costs are the main purpose of implementing green maintenance in hospitals. From an ontological point of view, the main findings of this research on the constraints of the implementation of green maintenance are generalizable to other types of buildings in and outside of Malaysia.

The impact of taxation on the activities of innovative enterprises, taking into account the current economic situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musaev R.M ◽  
Ibragimov N.F.
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates major points of the successful functioning and modernization of the national economy is the transfer of the economy to an innovative development path, the creation of a high-tech and competitive economy. In the transition to the modern model of economic growth, the level of activity of enterprises is of great importance, where high activity is ensured by the leading role of the state in stimulating and determining national priorities and the active influence of the state on the process of innovative development through mechanisms of state tax stimulation of economic development. In conclusion, it makes an emphasis on both theoretical and methodological basis as a whole.

Finland’s and Israel’s Experience of Innovative Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
N. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World

The production and promotion of high-tech products and new technologies to the global market is an essential condition for the competitiveness of the country. Some states that do not have abundant natural resources have made a stake on the development of advanced technologies. This secured them a place among the world leaders in terms of economic growth and population’s living standards. In-depth analysis of world practices of facilitating innovation is a pre-requisite for formulating the recommendations on the conditions for innovative development and competitiveness of Russia. From this point of view, the experience of Finland and Israel, which have managed to solve the respective problems is very interesting. Besides Finland and Israel, a similar model of innovation development is used in Sweden, Norway, Iceland and several other countries. The advantage of this model is that it creates an opportunity for national leadership at the world market of innovation. The national companies engaged in the development of new technologies create markets for themselves. Namely, they generate new needs and satisfy them, thus, they do not have to follow the market.

scholarly journals Research on the Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of the Innovation Efficiency of China’s High-Tech Industries: Based on a Shared Inputs Two-Stage Network DEA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huangxin Chen ◽  
Hang Lin ◽  
Wenjie Zou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Econometrics ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Government Support ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Network Dea ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Shared Inputs

Innovation ability has become one of the core elements in the pursuit of China’s green growth, and high-tech industries are playing a leading role in technological innovation in China. With the rapid development of China’s high-tech industries, their innovation efficiency has attracted widespread attention. This article aims to illustrate a shared inputs two-stage network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to measure the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries in China’s 29 provinces from 1999 to 2018. The results indicate that there are obvious differences in the innovation efficiency of the provinces. The technology development efficiency, the technical transformation efficiency, and the overall innovation efficiency of the developed east coast provinces are generally higher than those of the backward central and western provinces. This article further applies the spatial econometrics model to analyze the factors influencing the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries. We have found that government support, R&D input intensity, industries aggregation, economic extroversion, and the level of development of the modern service industries cause varying degrees of impact on innovation efficiency.

scholarly journals THE STATE AS A SUBJECT OF FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL STARTUP ECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Sytnik N.
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
International Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
State Support ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Other World ◽  
Capital Development

The realization of Ukraine's innovation potential is permanently hampered by a number of political and socio-economic factors. However, despite numerous problems in the economy, innovative entrepreneurship in the form of startup projects shows stable growth. The Ukrainian startup sector has become one of the few sectors of the economy that has been developing dynamically in recent years. International experience indicates that the state is an important player in building the national startup ecosystem. In particular, the state plays a leading role in preventing the outflow of startups to other world ecosystems. The purpose of the article was to establish the features of the state support for the national startup ecosystem and outline the ways to strengthen this support. Based on the analysis of international experience, the existing approaches, methods, and tools used in the world practice to support the startup ecosystems were identified. In terms of the development of the startup ecosystems, two major types of state policies are outlined: proactive policy and reactive policy. The paper provides key characteristics of theses types of policies. The analysis of government support for national startup ecosystem was conducted. Although the development of innovative entrepreneurship was defined as a strategic priority of Ukrainian government, the speed of implementation of practical measures aimed at achieving this goal is insufficient. Positive tendencies in the state support of Ukrainian startups as well as the main directions for state stimulation of the domestic startup ecosystem were highlighted.To stimulate the development of the domestic startup ecosystem, the following areas of state support were considered: legal regula-tion, startup investment, human capital development, competence centers, infrastructure development, media and event management. The factors that inhibit state support for startups were identified. In addition, the role of the private sector in building the national ecosys-tem of startups was outlined. Promising area of further research is the analysis of trends in the global startup industry and comprehension of international experience to elaborate efficient tools for domestic startup ecosystem support. Keywords: startup, startup ecosystem, state policy, investments in startups, human capital, startup ecosystem infrastructure. У статті розглядається роль держави як суб’єкта формування вітчизняної екосистеми стартапів. На основі аналізу міжнарод-ного досвіду визначені існуючі у світовій практиці підходи до формування державної політики підтримки екосистеми стартапів, напрями та практичні інструменти стимулювання стартапів. Висвітлені відмінності між проактивною та реактивною політикою стимулюванння екосистеми стартапів. Проаналізовано сучасний стан державної підтримки стартапів в Україні. Хоча в Україні розвиток інноваційного підприємництва визначений як стратегічний пріоритет державної політики, однак темпи імплементації практичних заходів, спрямованих на досягнення цієї мети, є недостатніми. Визначені інструменти державного стимулювання вітчизняної екосистеми стартапів, що відносяться до державно-правового регулювання, інвестування стартапів, розвитку людського капіталу, створенння центрів компетенцій, інфраструктурного забезпечення, медіа та івент менеджменту. Ключові слова: стартап, екосистема стартапів, політика підтримки стартапів, інвестування стартапів, людський капітал, інфраструктура стартапів.

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