Historical Method in Marketing Research with New Evidence on Long-Term Market Share Stability

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Golder
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Empirical Generalization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Over Time

Several researchers have advocated historical or longitudinal approaches to study marketing phenomena. Although some have applied this approach, more often it has been overlooked or denigrated. The author argues that historical method is capable of producing scientific knowledge that is currently useful, rather than simply a remembrance of the past. The author presents a complete description of the historical method, so researchers can use this article as a guide when applying this method. The value of the method is illustrated by examining the prevailing finding in the marketing literature that market shares are stable over time. Although this finding is considered an empirical generalization, an analysis of more than 650 brands in 100 categories raises doubts about the longevity of market share stability.

scholarly journals Supporting the development of scientific understanding when constructing an evolving explanation

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Novak ◽  
David F. Treagust
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Incremental Development ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Freshwater System ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe explore how students developed an integrated understanding of scientific ideas and how they applied their understandings in new situations. We examine the incremental development of 7th grade students’ scientific ideas across four iterations of a scientific explanation related to a freshwater system. We demonstrate that knowing how to make use of scientific ideas to explain phenomena needs to be learned just as developing integrated understanding of scientific ideas needs to be learned. Students participated in an open-ended, long-term project-based learning unit, constructing one explanation over time to address, “How healthy is our stream for freshwater organisms and how do our actions on land potentially impact the water quality of the stream?” The explanation developed over several weeks as new data were collected and analyzed. Students discussed evidence by revisiting scientific ideas and including new scientific ideas. This research investigates two questions: (1) As students engage in writing a scientific explanation over time, to what extent do they develop integrated understanding of appropriate scientific ideas? and (2) When writing about new evidence, do these earlier experiences of writing explanations enable students to make use of new scientific ideas in more sophisticated ways? In other words, do earlier experiences allow students to know how to make use of their ideas in these new situations? The results indicated statistically significant effects. Through various iterations of the explanation students included richer discussion using appropriate scientific ideas. Students were also able to make better use of new knowledge in new situations.

The Final Score

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Professional Athlete ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Empowerment ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Over Time

The conclusion provides some final observations about the longitudinal research itself and its short- and long-term effects on the women involved. It briefly touches on the few areas of the sport marriage that have seen improvement in the past few decades, discusses the conscious decisions the women make to continue normalizing the career-dominated marriage, and reports on how the marriages fared over time. It also describes the women’s personal empowerment as a result of their participation in the research. Finally, it summarizes the advice and suggested keys to a successful sport marriage that the wives in both studies offered, based on their lived experience. This overview essentially describes how and why the wife of a male professional athlete must adapt to realities if she wants her marriage to survive her husband’s career and retirement.

Part II Vertical Agreements Under Regulation 330/2010, 5 Article 3: Market Share Threshold

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijckmans Frank ◽  
Tuytschaever Filip
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Relevant Market ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses the market share limits that determine the applicability of Regulation 330/2010. Each of the supplier and the buyer must in principle remain below an individual limit of 30 per cent. In order to assess the market share limits, the chapter addresses the following steps of the analysis: (i) ninth step: definition of the relevant market; and (ii) tenth step: calculation of the market shares. It concludes by addressing the concrete and practical application of the market share limits in accordance with Regulation 330/2010 and offers easy-to-read overview tables illustrating the effect of changes in the market share levels over time.

No Margin for Error: Fifteen Years in the Working Lives of Lone Mothers and their Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANE MILLAR ◽  
TESS RIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Social Security Policy ◽  
Over Time

AbstractOver the past two decades, the emphasis on paid work has become one of the defining features of social security policy in the UK. Lone mothers and their families have been one of the key groups affected. In this article we focus on the working and family lives of lone mothers and their children over time, drawing on material from a long-term qualitative research study, and setting this in the context of policy developments. We explore the long-term consequences of trying to sustain work, and manage low-income family life as children grow up and needs change over time. This highlights some of the tensions and limitations in family support and relationships when resources are limited. We reflect on the links between insecurity, legacies and the state.

scholarly journals Medical Ethnography over Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Last
Keyword(s):  
Local Culture ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Medical Ethnography ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Too often, research into the health of a particular community is brief and superficial, focusing only on what is public and leaving the private health of women and children ‘foggy’. By contrast, long-term anthropology can offer access to processes taking place within a local culture of illness. Here, an account of a community’s experience of health over the past 50 years not only outlines the key changes as seen anthropologically but also shows how even close ethnography can initially miss important data. Furthermore, the impact of a researcher – both as a guest and as a source of interference – underlines how complex fieldwork can be in reality, especially if seen through the eyes of the researcher’s hosts.

scholarly journals Price, quality, and market dynamics of malaria rapid diagnostic tests: analysis of Global Fund 2009–2018 data

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wittenauer ◽  
Spike Nowak ◽  
Nick Luter
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Global Fund ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Product Type ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria are a vital part of global malaria control. Over the past decade, RDT prices have declined, and quality has improved. However, the relationship between price and product quality and their larger implications on the market have yet to be characterized. This analysis used purchase data from the Global Fund together with product quality data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) Malaria RDT Product Testing Programme to understand three unanswered questions: (1) Has the market share by quality of RDTs in the Global Fund’s procurement orders changed over time? (2) What is the relationship between unit price and RDT quality? (3) Has the market for RDTs financed by the Global Fund become more concentrated over time? Methods Data from 10,075 procurement transactions in the Global Fund’s database, which includes year, product, volume, and price, was merged with product quality data from all eight rounds of the WHO-FIND programme, which evaluated 227 unique RDT products. To describe trends in market share by quality level of RDT, descriptive statistics were used to analyse trends in market share from 2009 to 2018. A generalized linear regression model was then applied to characterize the relationship between price and panel detection score (PDS), adjusting for order volume, year purchased, product type, and manufacturer. Third, a Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) score was calculated to characterize the degree of market concentration. Results Lower-quality RDTs have lost market share between 2009 and 2018, as have the highest-quality RDTs. No statistically significant relationship between price per test and PDS was found when adjusting for order volume, product type, and year of purchase. The HHI was 3,570, indicating a highly concentrated market. Conclusions Advancements in RDT affordability, quality, and access over the past decade risk stagnation if health of the RDT market as a whole is neglected. These results suggest that from 2009 to 2018, this market was highly concentrated and that quality was not a distinguishing feature between RDTs. This information adds to previous reports noting concerns about the long-term sustainability of this market. Further research is needed to understand the causes and implications of these trends.

scholarly journals Green Construction: Contractor Motivation and Trends in Austin, Texas

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Tinker ◽  
Urs Kreuter ◽  
Richard Burt ◽  
Sherry Bame
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residential Construction ◽  
Sustainable Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Construction Contractor ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this paper is to describe and assess one of the first comprehensive residential green-builder programs in the U.S. It compares trends of items used in residential construction during the past five years and reports why participating builders chose to incorporate specific items and their level of commitment to the program. This description provides a baseline of strategies to investigate the effect of this program in developing sustainable communities. The builder study population was derived from a database of registered “green” residences built during 1998-2002 in greater Austin, Texas (2,335 homes and 73 listed builders). Almost half the builders constructed just one “green” home, whereas two builders built almost 75% of the green homes during the 5-year study period. Less than 1% of the homes received a perfect 5-star rating, whereas 87% were rated 1 or 2 stars. The frequency of implementing the 122 green features were compared over time and analyzed for correlation with cost and their associated star-value. Cost was the primary factor determining item use frequency. Participating builders generally concurred that the program was successful and beneficial to homeowners but that the additional work required for participation provided little financial reward for builders. While much can be done with low-cost interventions to reduce the negative environmental impacts of residential construction, builder participation may be enhanced by promotion of some of the higher cost features. In addition, public education about the long-term benefits of green homes is needed to increase homeowner participation, and encourage builders to incorporate more environmentally friendly features in the homes they construct.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Resistance of Botrytis cinerea to Carbendazim and the Current Efficacy of Carbendazim Against Gray Mold After Long-Term Discontinuation

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiming He ◽  
Kaidi Cui ◽  
Tongtong Li ◽  
Yufei Song ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Mutation ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Strong Ability

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a fungal disease that critically threatens agricultural production, and carbendazim was the first fungicide used to control B. cinerea. However, B. cinerea developed serious resistance to carbendazim, and this fungicide has thus rarely been used in the past decade in China. Due to the extended discontinuation of carbendazim use, the evolution of the resistance of B. cinerea to carbendazim in recent years is unclear, and whether carbendazim can effectively control gray mold is largely unknown. Therefore, this study determined the sensitivity of 407 B. cinerea isolates collected from 2014 to 2018 to carbendazim and the ability of carbendazim to control gray mold in the field. The results showed that the frequency of B. cinerea isolates resistant to carbendazim remained above 95%. Three different mutation types responsible for the resistance of B. cinerea to carbendazim were identified at codon 198 in the β-tubulin gene sequence: E198V (changed from GAG to GTG), E198A (changed from GAG to GCG), and E198K (changed from GAG to AAG). Over the last 5 years, E198V was the major mutation. However, an analysis of its evolution revealed that the percentage of the E198V mutation declined after 2017 to 56.5% in 2018. In addition, the proportion of isolates with the E198K mutation decreased over time, and no isolates with this mutation were found in either 2017 or 2018. The proportion of the E198A mutation increased over the 5-year test period to reach 43.5% in 2018. Furthermore, three greenhouse experiments demonstrated that carbendazim has lost its ability to control gray mold. We attribute the above findings to our results showing that the carbendazim-resistant isolates had no fitness penalties compared with the carbendazim-sensitive isolates for sporulation and mycelial growth. In particular, the E198A mutant isolates exhibited a strong ability to sporulate, suggesting that the E198A mutation might become dominant in the future. Interestingly, the results showed that carbendazim-sensitive isolates could be easily controlled by four conventional fungicides, namely boscalid, procymidone, iprodione, and pyrimethanil, with mean EC50 values of 0.71 ± 0.2 mg liter−1, 1.33 ± 0.39 mg liter−1, 0.59 ± 0.33 mg liter−1, and 6.02 ± 3.02 mg liter−1, respectively. In conclusion, carbendazim has lost its application value and is ineffective for the control of gray mold.

Managing Risks of IT Outsourcing

2010 ◽  
pp. 1702-1722
Author(s):  
Leonardo Legorreta ◽  
Rajneesh Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Psychological Contracts ◽  
It Outsourcing ◽  
The Past ◽  
It Operations ◽  
Over Time

Outsourcing is one of the most talked about and widely debated topics. Over the past few years, firms have been outsourcing their IT operations at increasing rates. The fact that firms are turning to outside vendors in increasing numbers in order to meet their needs does not mean that outsourcing is without problems. Firms often enter outsourcing deals without considering risks or assuming that all risks lay with the external service provider. In this chapter, we provide an overview of IT outsourcing, its risks, and a model for managing those risks. We identify different firm-vendor configurations for sustaining long-term relationships aimed at diversifying risk over time and discuss the need for psychological contracts to manage such outsourcing relationships.

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) for Multiple Myeloma (MM) - What Has Changed? : A CIBMTR Analysis From 1989 – 2005.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 54-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaji Kumar ◽  
Smriti Shrestha ◽  
Mei-Jie Zhang ◽  
Angela Dispenzieri ◽  
Gustavo A. Milone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Reduced Intensity Conditioning ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Abstract 54 Despite its curative potential, the role of allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) in MM has been limited by high treatment related mortality (TRM). Autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT) thus remains the standard of care for eligible patients (pts) with MM. Recently interest in allo-SCT has been increasing due to the incurable nature of MM, better risk stratification models, improved supportive care and finally the increasing experience with less toxic reduced intensity conditioning. We analyzed the trends in practice of allo-SCT for MM over the past two decades. A total of 1211 pts undergoing allo-SCT for MM between 1989 and 2005, reported to the CIBMTR were analyzed in three cohorts based on year of allo-SCT: 1989–1994 (n=346), 1995–2000 (n=285), and 2001–2005 (n=580). Probabilities of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence estimates of TRM and relapse were calculated. Patient characteristics are summarized in table 1. Patients transplanted in the later cohort (2001–2005) were of higher age with 53% above age 50 years (vs. 12% in 1989–1994). There was decreasing use of myeloablative regimens and bone marrow grafts over time (82% vs. 62% vs. 9% for myeloablative regimens and 99%, 62% and 13% for marrow grafts respectively). Increasing number of pts in the later cohort received an auto-SCT prior to allo-SCT (Table 1). The proportion of unrelated allo-SCTs increased over time (5% vs. 21% vs. 33%). Graft versus host (GVH) prophylaxis changed over time with increasing use of cyclosporine with agents other than methotrexate and increasing use of ATG in the recent years. Median survival increased over the three time periods from 1989 – 2005: 11.1 months (mos.) vs. 12.2 mos vs. 20.3 mos. The 100 day mortality decreased steadily over successive time periods; 35% (95% CI; 29–31), 29% (24–35) and 19% (16–23) respectively. Similarly, the TRM at 5 years remained steady between the first two periods, but decreased in the last period (40 & 48% vs. 29%). The incidence of chronic GVHD increased in the later cohort but the incidence of acute GVHD was similar over the years. While PFS was the lowest for the most recent group (15% at 5 years), the overall survival at 5 years was similar among the groups (30, 32, and 29 mos). Long term PFS at 10 years was 18% in the 1989–1994 cohort and 17% in 1995–2000. Long term OS at 10 years was 23% in 1989 – 1994 and 1995–2000 cohorts. Results are summarized in table 1. A clear trend towards reduced intensity conditioning, unrelated donor SCT, use of PBSC grafts and selection of older patients was noted. There was increasing use of tandem auto-allo SCT with an increasing proportion of patients with a prior auto-SCT. While the TRM has decreased significantly in the last cohort, this did not translate into an improvement in survival primarily because of increased risk of relapse in the latter cohort. Long term (>10yr) progression free survival which may approach a cure has remained unchanged over the past two decades at <20%. Disclosures: Lonial: Celgene: Consultancy; Millennium: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Gloucester: Research Funding.

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