Chemical Composition and UVA-Protecting Activity of Extracts from Ligustrum vulgare and Olea europaea Leaves

Abstract Plants belonging to the family Oleaceae have been traditionally used in treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders. One of the most well-known species is Olea europaea L. (olive), cultivated in the Mediterranean countries. Another species is Ligustrum vulgare L. (common privet), occurring particularly in Northern Europe and Asia. The aim of the study was a comparison of the composition of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from leaves of O. europaea and L. vulgare (HPLC-DAD-MS), and determination of the total content of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as the content of the major compound, oleuropein. Secondly, we aimed to study the protective effect of extracts on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by human fibroblast cells (NHDF), cell viability (MTT assay), and apoptosis rate (Annexin V/propidium iodide staining) after UVA-irradiation. The phytochemical analysis allowed us to identify compounds belonging to the groups of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and secoiridoids in the extracts. The compounds from the group of lignans (olivil) were identified as being unique to O. europaea extracts. Echinacoside, ligustroflavone and ligustaloside A were identified in L. vulgare extracts in contrast to olive preparations. It was established that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from leaves of both species, except the privet aqueous extract at a concentration of 5 μg/ml, did not show any significant inhibition of ROS production after UVA-irradiation in the model of NHDF cell line. The aqueous extracts of both species at concentrations of 5 and 25 μg/ml had a protective effect on the viability of UVA-treated cells in contrast to the ethanolic extract. In conclusion, no significant difference in the activity of olive and privet leaf extracts has been observed, which suggests that both plant materials’ extracts, particularly aqueous ones, are effective herbal medicines and photoprotectors, which – to some extent – confirms the use of their preparations in skin disorders.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Olive (Olea europaea) Leaves, and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102513 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2513 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Bixia Wang ◽

Jipeng Qu ◽

Siyuan Luo ◽

Shiling Feng ◽

Tian Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olea Europaea ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Olea Europaéa

Olea europaea leaves are the major byproduct of olive farming. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from olive leaves was optimized using response surface methodology, and the flavonoid compounds and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the optimized conditions for achieving the maximum yield of flavonoids (74.95 mg RE/g dm) were 50 °C temperature, 270 W power, 50 min time, and 41 mL/g liquid-solid ratio. There was a significant difference in the total flavonoid content between the aged and young leaves harvested in April and July, and six main components were quantified. Among them, luteolin-4’-O-glucoside was the most predominant flavonoid compound, followed by apigenin-7-O-glucoside and rutin. Olive leaves also contained small amounts of luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin. Additionally, excellent antioxidant activity was exhibited when tested with the DPPH assay; superoxide radical-scavenging ability and reducing power was also tested. The anticancer activity of the flavonoids was assessed using HeLa cervical cancer cells, and it was observed that increasing concentrations of olive leaf flavonoids resulted in decreased cancer cell viability. These results suggest that the flavonoids from olive leaves could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants for the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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Cryptococcus neoformans recovered from olive trees (Olea europaea) in Turkey reveal allopatry with African and South American lineages

10.1101/729145 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Çağrı Ergin ◽

Mustafa Şengül ◽

Levent Aksoy ◽

Aylin Döğen ◽

Sheng Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Olea Europaea ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Population Distribution ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Columba Livia ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Platanus Orientalis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Olea Europaéa

ABSTRACTCryptococcus species are life-threatening human fungal pathogens that cause cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in both immunocompromised and healthy hosts. The natural environmental niches of Cryptococcus include pigeon (Columba livia) guano, soil, and a variety of tree species such as Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Ceratonia siliqua, Platanus orientalis, and Pinus spp. Genetic and genomic studies of extensive sample collections have provided insights into the population distribution and composition of different Cryptococcus species in geographic regions around the world. However, few such studies examined Cryptococcus in Turkey. We sampled 388 Olea europaea (olive) and 132 E. camaldulensis trees from 7 locations in coastal and inland areas of the Aegean region of Anatolian Turkey in September 2016 to investigate the distribution and genetic diversity present in the natural Cryptococcus population. We isolated 84 Cryptococcus neoformans strains (83 MATα and 1 MATa) and 3 Cryptococcus deneoformans strains (all MATa) from 87 (22.4% of surveyed) O. europaea trees; a total of 32 C. neoformans strains were isolated from 32 (24.2%) of the E. camaldulensis trees, all of which were MATα. A statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of C. neoformans isolation between coastal and inland areas (P < 0.05). Thus, O. europaea trees could represent a novel niche for C. neoformans. Interestingly, the MATaC. neoformans isolate was fertile in laboratory crosses with VNI and VNB MATα tester strains and produced robust hyphae, basidia, and basidiospores, thus suggesting potential sexual reproduction in the natural population. Sequencing analyses of the URA5 gene identified at least 5 different genotypes among the isolates. Population genetics and genomic analyses revealed that most of the isolates in Turkey belong to the VNBII lineage of C. neoformans, which is predominantly found in southern Africa; these isolates are part of a distinct minor clade within VNBII that includes several isolates from Zambia and Brazil. Our study provides insights into the geographic distribution of different C. neoformans lineages in the Mediterranean region and highlights the need for wider geographic sampling to gain a better understanding of the natural habitats, migration, epidemiology, and evolution of this important human fungal pathogen.

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The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Polyphenolics Olive Leaf Extracts Olea europaea L.

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2021-0251 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Y. Aissaoui ◽

Y. Boukhari ◽

M. A. Mahi

Keyword(s):

Olea Europaea ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Polyphenolic Extract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect ◽

Olea Europaéa

This study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the polyphenolic extract of olive leaves Olea europaea L. In vivo experiments were performed on the model of acute inflammation edema of the paw of male Wistar rats following inflammation induced by the injection of carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory effect is carried out by the injection of the polyphenolic extracts of olive leaves Olea europaea L. at different doses 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, the injection was carried out 30 min before induction of acute inflammation with carrageenan at 1%. The results obtained were compared with those of Diclofenac and those of the physiological control. Injection of carrageenan resulted in a significant increase in the claw leg volume of 46.24 ± 23.8%, 66.78 ± 29.69% and 90.31 ± 46.51%, respectively at 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h. The results showed that the inflammatory activity of the polyphenolic extracts of olive leaves was dose dependent. The 150 mg/kg Olea europaea L. extract of polyphenolic has an anti-inflammatory activity which results in an 88% decrease in edema. This decrease is significantly similar to that of Diclofenac® 97% confirmed that the polyphenolic extracts of Olea europaea L. leaves have anti-inflammatory activities comparable to that of Diclofenac® with a non-significant difference (p < 0.05), this anti-inflammatory effect remains lower than that of Diclofenac®.

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A comparative study on the protective effect on human fibroblast cell line NHDFof Olea europaea and Ligustrum vulgare leaves extracts

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0035-1565648 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (16) ◽

Author(s):

AK Kiss ◽

ME Czerwińska ◽

K Duszak ◽

A Parzonko

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Cell Line ◽

Human Fibroblast ◽

Olea Europaea ◽

Fibroblast Cell ◽

Fibroblast Cell Line ◽

Human Fibroblast Cell Line ◽

Human Fibroblast Cell ◽

Ligustrum Vulgare

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Chemical Properties, Qualitative Parameters and Antioxidant Activity of Virgin Oil Obtained from Olea europaea Linn cultivar Zard Cultivated in Three Different Regions of Iran (Roudbar, Shiraz and Dezful)

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401314666181018125358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 912-918

Author(s):

Javad Tavakoli ◽

Samaneh Hashemkhani

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Olea Europaea ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Activity Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Olive Variety ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Olea Europaéa

Background: Zard variety is a popular olive variety widely cultivated in different regions of Iran. Despite the extensive cultivation of this olive cultivar, little research has been carried out on its various properties. Thus, chemical properties, qualitative parameters and antioxidant activity of Olea europaea Linn cultivar Zard oil cultivated in three different regions including Roudbar, Shiraz and Dezful could be an interesting topic for research. Methods: After oil extraction of different olive samples, their different characteristics were compared. For this purpose, fatty acid composition, unsaponifiable matters, antioxidant compounds, qualitative parameters (acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value, total polar compounds) Antioxidant activity assay (DPPH radical-scavenging assay and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP)) and oxidative stability index were measured. Results: Palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid contents in Zard variety cultivated in Roudbar (ZR), Zard variety cultivated in Shiraz (ZS) and Zard variety cultivated in Dezful (ZD) oils were 13.1, 15.2, 13.2; 72, 60.4, 68.8; 9.1, 17 and 12.2; respectively. The highest phenolic and tocopherol content was observed in ZD oil (90.4, and 160.2 mg/kg), followed by ZR (73.3, and 121.2 mg/kg) and ZS (52.2 and 67.5 mg/kg) oils. Evaluation of qualitative parameters in the oils revealed that they have suitable quality. Antioxidant activity assay indicated that ZD oil had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by ZR and ZS oils. Conclusion: Results of this investigation indicated that there was a direct relation between antioxidant activity and antioxidant content. Also, climatic difference in cultivation regions was a reason of significant difference in the properties of ZR, ZS and ZD oils.

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Comparative Oil Composition Study of the Endemic Moroccan Olive (Olea europaea subsp. maroccana) and Wild Olive (var. Sylvestris) in Central West Morocco

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2021/8869060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sara Elgadi ◽

Ahmed Ouhammou ◽

Hamza Zine ◽

Nadia Maata ◽

Rachid Ait Babahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Olea Europaea ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Local Population ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wild Olive ◽

Olea Europaéa

Six wild olive subspecies (Olea europaea L.) are currently recognised globally, with two taxa cooccurring in the argan tree area in Central West Morocco: the widespread Mediterranean subspecies europaea var. Sylvestris (the so-called oleaster) and the microendemic subspecies maroccana. Despite its taxonomic and ecological importance, the chemical composition of subsp. maroccana oil remains poorly known. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the oil content and the chemical composition of subsp. maroccana and var. Sylvestris as well as comparing their proprieties during two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) from the same geographical area. The fatty acid and the sterol compositions were analysed using gas chromatography. Additionally, the tocopherol content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total amount of unsaturated fatty acids was higher in maroccana (85.24%) than that in oleasters (79.05%). Additionally, the tocopherol and phytosterol content of the maroccana oil (1232.35 mg/kg and 312.75 mg/100 g, resp.) was approximately twofold higher than in oleasters (661.35 mg/kg and 210.06 mg/100 g, resp.). Analysis of variance and principal component analysis (PCA) of the chemical composition highlighted a significant difference between the quantitative and qualitative properties of their oil. Finally, these findings suggest that maroccana oil could be considered as a potential source of vitamin E, essential fatty acids, and sterols and can provide a nutraceutical oil for the local population. While this work contributes to the study of olive tree biodiversity, further investigations are still necessary to guide the putative nutraceutical use of subspecies maroccana.

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