scholarly journals Molecular Selection Of Tomato And Pepper Breeding Lines Possessing Resistance Alleles Against Tobamoviruses

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Martina Hudcovicová ◽  
Erika Korbelová ◽  
Svetlana Šliková ◽  
Lenka Klčová ◽  
Daniel Mihálik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Allele ◽  
Susceptible Allele ◽  
Molecular Selection ◽  
Pepper Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Molecular selection among newly created tomato and pepper lines was applied for identification of lines possessing DNA markers linked with the resistant loci against tobamoviruses ToMV, TMV, PaMMV, and PMMoV. Only four tomato lines among 184 had DNA marker linked with the resistant allele Tm-2 conferring homozygosity at this locus. Resistance of these four lines was tested and confirmed also by virological testing by inoculation with TMV strain 0. Simultaneously tested lines heterozygous at this locus expressed full or unbalanced resistance. Fifty-eight out of 62 tested pepper lines had only marker linked to susceptible allele of the locus L. Three lines derived from tobamovirus resistant pepper cultivars Brill and Brilliant expressed marker linked to resistant allele L3, and only one line derived from resistant cultivar Hurricane possessed both markers. Four selected pepper lines declared resistance also after artificial inoculation with the TMV P0 pathotype. Molecular selection, both in tomato and pepper breeding lines, may be useful in breeding programs directed to tobamovirus resistance.

Genetic diversity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Lawson ◽  
RJ Henry ◽  
JK Kochman ◽  
GA Kong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sunflower Genome ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Selection Of

A cross-section of sunflower genotypes grown in Australia including commercial cultivars (Suncross 40R, Hysun 33, Hysun 45CQ, Advance, DK3873), breeding lines (Sunfola, S37- 388, PhRR3, HA-R2, MC29, MC69, S37-388RR), wild sunflower varieties (H. annuus, H. argophyllus), a distantly related species (Tithonia diversifolia), and a hexaploid/diploid cross (H. tuberosus L.x H. annuus L.) were assessed for genetic diversity using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. A considerable amount of polymorphism was revealed. Of the total of 158 markers amplified, 133 were polymorphic for at least one pair-wise comparison within the 16 genotypes. Overall, 33% dissimilarity was detected, with an average of 27% dissimilarity revealed among the hybrids and breeding lines, which exhibited 38% dissimilarity to the wild varieties H. annuus and H. tuberosus, and 51% dissimilarity to Tithonia and H. tuberosus x H, annuus. PCR of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene spacer region did not reveal any polymorphisms among the cultivated and breeding lines, but did distinguish between H. tuberosus and the other wild species. This survey of a selection of sunflower genotypes indicates that the genetic base of domesticated sunflower may be quite wide. These results suggest that RAPD methodology will provide an efficient tool for the analysis of the sunflower genome, in particular in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Aerial High-Throughput Phenotyping Enabling Indirect Selection for Grain Yield at the Early-generation Seed-limited Stages in Breeding Programs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Krause ◽  
Suchismita Mondal ◽  
José Crossa ◽  
Ravi P. Singh ◽  
Francisco Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Seed Increase ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTBreeding programs for wheat and many other crops require one or more generations of seed increase before replicated yield trials can be sown. Extensive phenotyping at this stage of the breeding cycle is challenging due to the small plot size and large number of lines under evaluation. Therefore, breeders typically rely on visual selection of small, unreplicated seed increase plots for the promotion of breeding lines to replicated yield trials. With the development of aerial high-throughput phenotyping technologies, breeders now have the ability to rapidly phenotype thousands of breeding lines for traits that may be useful for indirect selection of grain yield. We evaluated early generation material in the irrigated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding program at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center to determine if aerial measurements of vegetation indices assessed on small, unreplicated plots were predictive of grain yield. To test this approach, two sets of 1,008 breeding lines were sown both as replicated yield trials and as small, unreplicated plots during two breeding cycles. Vegetation indices collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle in the small plots were observed to be heritable and moderately correlated with grain yield assessed in replicated yield trials. Furthermore, vegetation indices were more predictive of grain yield than univariate genomic selection, while multi-trait genomic selection approaches that combined genomic information with the aerial phenotypes were found to have the highest predictive abilities overall. A related experiment showed that selection approaches for grain yield based on vegetation indices could be more effective than visual selection; however, selection on the vegetation indices alone would have also driven a directional response in phenology due to confounding between those traits. A restricted selection index was proposed for improving grain yield without affecting the distribution of phenology in the breeding population. The results of these experiments provide a promising outlook for the use of aerial high-throughput phenotyping traits to improve selection at the early-generation seed-limited stage of wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals YIELD COMPONENTS EVALUATION IN CHICKPEA GERMPLASM COLLECTION, GROWN IN AKMOLA REGION, KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Гульмира Хасанова ◽  
Кузбакова М.М. ◽  
Джатаев С.А.
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Local Standard ◽  
Germplasm Accessions ◽  
Selection Of

Germplasm collection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) originated from various countriies andecology was evaluated in field trial conditions of Akmola region. The analysis of yield components among germplasm accessionswas carried out according to local standard indicators of productivity. The following genotypes are recommended for yield breeding in Kazakhstan based on the current research: ICC-8515 (Greece); ICC-12947, ICC-1431, ICC-456, ICC-1205, and ICC-5337 (India); ICC-3776, ICC-1083, ICC-13283, ICC-13764, and ICC-13187 (Iran); ICC-15697 (Syria); and ICC-7272 (Algeria). The recommended germplasm accessions were identified asthe most adapted for cultivation in environment of Akmola region and, therefore, they can be used as ainitial genetic resourse for breeding of chickpea varieties with ‘Northern-ecotype’. Hybrid populations were produced in the crossings between International and domestic chickpea germplasms. The offspring segregations in chickpea hybrid populations represent perspective and important genetic resorses for selection of superious genotypes with high yield and tolerance to drought. Finally, the best selected breeding lines are expected to be introduced into domestic chickpea breeding programs in Kazakhstan.

Genetic diversity analysis among selected short duration chickpeacultivars and breeding lines based on STMS markers.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Asma Koinain ◽  
V S Hegde ◽  
C . Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stms Markers

Genetic diversity among 30 chickpea genotypes was evaluated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. The studies using Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site (STMS) markers markers revealed that among the primers used across the genotypes produced a total of 35 alleles representing 21 SSR loci with frequencies ranging from one to two (mean 1.66) alleles per locus. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.098 to 0.500 (CAM0443, CAM0446). These primers might be an effective and useful tool to determine the genetic differences among chickpea genotypes and to study the phylogenetic relationships. Polymorphic percentage was 96.42. Hierarchical neighbour-joining UPGMA cluster analysis based on simple matching similarity matrix resolved the 30 genotypes into seven clusters. Based on STMS markers highest similarity index 0.850 was observed between BGD 72 and Annigeri-1whereas BGD 9920 and ICC 92944 showed the lowest similarity index 0.214 between them. The STMS clustering pattern indicated the presence of wide genetic diversity between the genotypes. Overall, the study ascertained that SSRs provide powerful marker tools in revealing genetic diversity and relationships in chickpeas, thereby proving useful for selection of parents in breeding programs and also for DNA fingerprinting for identification of cultivars.

scholarly journals Agronomic Trait and Genetic Analysis of Latvian Flax Germplasm

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Dainis Runģis ◽  
Linards Ļubinskis ◽  
Veneranda Stramkale
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genomic Libraries ◽  
Science Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simple Sequence

There is a long history of flax cultivation in Latvia, and breeding programs were active until 1970’s, when flax breeding in Latvia was halted. Since 1992, the Agriculture Science Centre of Latgale (ASCL) has repatriated Latvian flax germplasm from various genebanks, as well as renewed limited breeding activities in flax. Currently, the ASCL holds a collection of 497 flax accessions, as well as 9865 accessions of various lines and hybrids developed at the LLZC since 1993. To assist in the characterization of this Latvian flax germplasm, we have utilised DNA markers to assess genetic diversity and relatedness, as well as surveying functional polymorphism. We have utilised Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from both genomic libraries as well as expressed sequences. The results of the DNA marker survey were utilised to determine the genetic polymorphism and relatedness within Latvian flax germplasm, and these results were compared with the analysis of agronomic traits carried out in field trials at the ASCL. The development of DNA markers linked to traits of agronomic importance will assist in the development of a Latvian flax breeding program. The use of DNA marker technology will allow more efficient assessment and rational utilization of Latvian flax germplasm.

Tomato Molecular Markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Szczechura ◽  
Mirosława Staniaszek ◽  
Hanna Habdas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Wild Form ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Tomato Molecular MarkersTomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) is one of the most popular vegetable grown in many regions of the world. Due to its high taste quality and nutritional value increase interest in the cultivation of this species and its consumption. Using the latest achievements in fields of genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology, breeders can create new varieties with improved useful traits. Introduction of DNA markers, especially those based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has led to breakthrough in the plants genetic research, including tomato. They are successfully used for plant genomes mapping, phylogenetics studies, selection of parental forms in plant breeding, and above all to identify the genes of important traits. For tomato have been identified and mapped 9309 molecular markers. High-density genetic maps development gives an opportunity to use them in genetic research and breeding programs. Identification of DNA markers closely linked to studied gene can significantly facilitate the identification of desirable traits in material breeding, or accelerate the plants selection for elimination of genotypes with undesirable genes. Material breeding selection using molecular markers, defined as MAS (marker-assisted-selection) is increasingly being used in tomato breeding programs, contributing to facilitated identification of genes or QTL and their transfer into the cultivated species from wild form.

scholarly journals Assessment of yield and yield stability of new perspective pepper breeding lines with conical shape

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Panayotov ◽  
Dochka Dimova
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Pepper Breeding ◽  
Variety Testing

The main goal of the present study was to estimate new perspective Bulgarian conic lines pepper about yield and stability of the yield with purpose to be presented for Government variety testing and to been included in new breeding programs. Three years experiments were carried out in Experimental fields of Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria with eight new perspective consolidated hybrids of sweet pepper. Typical Bulgarian variety Kurtovska kapia 1619 was used as a standard. The plants were grown according to the conventional technology for middle early field production for South Bulgarian condition. Four harvests were done - one of green fruits and three of red ripening fruits. The total yield, weight and length of fruit were determined. The stability of yield (Ysi) by the methods Kang was calculated. The lines with the highest yield were Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F8 and Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 with productivity of 5034.1 kg/da and 4881.3 kg/da respectively. The index of yield stability was highest 7+ about following breeding lines Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 and Kapia 1300 ? Doux d?Espagne F9. The lines Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F8, Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 and Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F7 are suitable to be included in new selection programs for more successfully breeding.

scholarly journals DNA Markers for Selection of Late Blight Resistant Potato Breeding Lines

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 1197-1209
Author(s):  
Shaohua Chen ◽  
Tudor Borza ◽  
Bohyun Byun ◽  
Robert Coffin ◽  
Joyce Coffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Selection Of

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals Combining metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to assess and improve crop quality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine M. Pott ◽  
Sara Durán-Soria ◽  
Sonia Osorio ◽  
José G. Vallarino
Keyword(s):  
Quality Trait ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractPlant quality trait improvement has become a global necessity due to the world overpopulation. In particular, producing crop species with enhanced nutrients and health-promoting compounds is one of the main aims of current breeding programs. However, breeders traditionally focused on characteristics such as yield or pest resistance, while breeding for crop quality, which largely depends on the presence and accumulation of highly valuable metabolites in the plant edible parts, was left out due to the complexity of plant metabolome and the impossibility to properly phenotype it. Recent technical advances in high throughput metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic platforms have provided efficient approaches to identify new genes and pathways responsible for the extremely diverse plant metabolome. In addition, they allow to establish correlation between genotype and metabolite composition, and to clarify the genetic architecture of complex biochemical pathways, such as the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants, many of them being highly valuable for the human diet. In this review, we focus on how the combination of metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic approaches is a useful tool for the selection of crop varieties with improved nutritional value and quality traits.

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