scholarly journals Changes in Milk Yield and Quality During Lactation in Polish Red and White-Backed Cows Included in the Genetic Resources Conservation Programme in Comparison with the Simmental Breed

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Litwińczuk ◽  
Joanna Barłowska ◽  
Alicja Matwijczuk ◽  
Jan Słomiany
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Resources Conservation

AbstractMilk yield and quality was assessed in cows raised on low-input farms (traditional feeding), i.e. two breeds covered by genetic resources conservation (RP and BG) and the SM breed. The reference group was PHF HO cows from an intensive milk production system (PMR feeding). A total of 1,212 milk samples were collected from three periods of lactation: I (up to 120 days), II (121–200) and II (over 200). The milk was analysed for content of fat, protein, casein, lactose, dry matter, non-fat dry matter and the protein-to-fat ratio, coagulation time, heat stability and the percentage of fat globules in different size ranges. Fatty acid profile and cholesterol content were determined in a representative number of 180 milk samples. Daily yield in the native breeds in the third phase of lactation was 9.6 and 8.7 kg, which was slightly over 55% of their yield in phase I, compared to 66% in the SM and 73.4% in the reference group (PHF HO). The increase in fat and protein (including casein) in the milk during lactation was much higher in the native breeds, so its energy value in phase II of lactation was 11% higher in the BG cows and 9% higher in RP, but only 4% higher in the SM with regard to phase I of lactation. The milk fat from the Polish Red cows had the highest proportion of PUFA in each phase of lactation, including CLA, and the highest PUFA/SFA ratio. Over the course of lactation the percentage of large fat globules in the milk decreased, particularly in the native breeds (P≤0.01), while in the SM the differences were much smaller and statistically insignificant. Lactation persistency in both native breeds raised in a low-input system was worse than in the SM, but the increase in basic components during lactation was markedly higher, while that of cholesterol was lower.

scholarly journals Influence of selected factors on the content of somatic cells in the milk of Carpathian goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 544-547
Author(s):  
ALDONA KAWĘCKA ◽  
IWONA RADKOWSKA ◽  
JACEK SIKORA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Goat Breed ◽  
Genetic Resources Conservation ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Resources Conservation

The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the content of somatic cells (SCC) in the milk of Carpathian goats with regards to the month of lactation, milk yield and goat age. The research was carried out on a farm in the Podkarpacie region in which Carpathian goats are kept. They are a native goat breed, covered by the genetic resources conservation program. Somatic cells were determined in goat milk samples once a month during routine milk control. The lowest value was recorded at the beginning of lactation in April (719 × 103 · cm–3); it grew in subsequent months, gradually reaching the highest level in October (7311 × 103 · cm–3). There was no effect of goat age and milk yield on the size of the tested parameter. In conclusion, it should be stated that the milk of the Carpathian goats was characterized by a high content of somatic cells and high variability during lactation..

scholarly journals Dry period length in Montbéliarde cows and its association with selected production and functional characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Januś ◽  
D. Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. The study evaluated the effects of selected factors (dry period number, milk yield in standard lactation and length of full lactation) on the length of dry periods. The effect of dry period length on milk yield and composition, the frequency of milk samples with different somatic cell counts (SCC) and the course of lactation were also analysed. The study included 491 cycles (dry period and lactation) and 4 998 results of test-day milking conducted in a herd of 230 Montbéliarde cows. The cows were kept in a free-stall barn and fed total mixed rations (TMR). The average length of the dry period was found to be 85 days. The first dry period was 34-45 days longer than subsequent ones, which may have been due to the cows becoming acclimated after having been brought to the farm as in calf heifers. Increasing milk yield in standard lactation was accompanied by significantly shorter dry periods. The most beneficial dry periods in terms of milk yield were those lasting 22-41 days. The lowest yield was noted in lactations preceded by a dry period reduced to 0-21 days. However, this milk contained the most fat, protein and dry matter and the SCC did not exceed 400 000 cells/ml in 73.3 % of cases. The decrease in daily milk yield from its peak in the 2nd month to the 10th month after calving was smallest in cows with dry periods of 57-84 days, which may suggest that lactations in these cows were the most persistent.

scholarly journals The characteristic of control day milk and its properties in ewes from different breeds in Bulgaria

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
E. Raicheva ◽  
Т. Ivanova ◽  
E. Kipriotis ◽  
E. Kistanova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Milk Samples

The aim was the investigation the milk and its composition for control day in local sheep breeds. The experiment was carried out with 19 Karakachan ewes and 21 West Balkan Mountain ewes from the flock of IAS-Kostinbrod and 15 Local Sofia ewes from a private flock from village Klisura. The study is a part of Bulgarian-Greece project for research of F1- crosses of Chios breed. The experimental ewes were mothers of F1 Chios? crosses. The milk for day was recorded on first control during milking period. The content of milk - fats, proteins, non fat solid, dry matter and density were estimated by individual milk samples by analyzer "Ekomilk". The average milk yield for control day of ewes from Karakachan, West Balkan Mountain and Local Sofia breeds was 0,344 l, 0,421 l and 0,633 l respectively. The content of fat, protein and total solids in milk of Karakachan ewes was - 5,91%, 5,19% and 16,42% respectively, of West Balkan Mountain ewes - 6,41%, 5,10% and 16,67% and of Sofia local ewes - 6,35%, 5,94% and 17,57%.

The influence of dietary protein intake during lactation on the reproductive performance of sows

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. MacPherson ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
R. I. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARY1. Forty-five Large White gilts were given 2·20 kg daily of a diet containing 14·0% crude protein during three successive pregnancies. During a 6-week lactation they received 5·30 kg daily of one of three diets containing 19·0% (HP), 16·5% (MP) or 14·0% (LP) crude protein.2. Daily milk yield was estimated on the 10th, 20th, 30th and 40th day of lactation. Milk samples were obtained from the same sows for the determination of protein, fat, lactose and total solids on the 11th, 21st, 31st and 41st day.3. One sow and litter from each treatment in each lactation was placed in metabolism cages during lactation and estimates of nitrogen and dry matter excretion obtained.4. As the concentration of protein in the diet decreased the average 42-day gain in litter weight from birth increased significantly in the first lactation. This trend continued in the second lactation although it was not significant but did not appear in the third.5. There was no marked difference in daily milk yield between treatment groups.6. There was a significantly greater loss of live weight by the sows on the lower levels of protein in the first lactation. These differences were not significant in the second and third lactations.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value and Technological Suitability of Milk from Cows of Three Polish Breeds Included in the Genetic Resources Conservation Programme

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Litwińczuk ◽  
Joanna Barłowska ◽  
Witold Chabuz ◽  
Aneta Brodziak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Genetic Resources Conservation ◽  
Conservation Programme ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Resources Conservation

Nutritional Value and Technological Suitability of Milk from Cows of Three Polish Breeds Included in the Genetic Resources Conservation ProgrammeThe study included milk obtained from cows of three native cattle breeds, i.e. White-backed (BG), Polish Red (RP) and Polish Black-and-White (ZB) kept under conventional conditions. The reference group consisted of milk from Polish Holstein-Friesian cows (PHF) maintained in the intensive system and milk from Simmental cows (SM) kept under conventional conditions. The following parameters were determined in 976 samples of milk: content of fat, protein, casein, lactose and solids; acidity (pH value); heat stability; rennet coagulation time; content of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, serum albumin, lactoferrin and lysozyme. Additionally, a certain proportion of samples was investigated for fatty acid profile and content of macro- and microelements. Cows of native breeds produced milk of higher nutritional value (higher content of whey proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including CLA) and more suitable for processing as compared to PHF cows. Milk from cows of the Polish Red breed was the most valuable in terms of these parameters, which can be associated with a distinctive phylogenetic origin of this breed. The favourable parameters in regard to the nutritional value and technological suitability of milk obtained from analysed population of cows of 3 breeds included in the programme of genetic resources conservation are therefore an important reason of validity for subsequent implementation of this programme.

Effects of sodium fertilizers and supplements on milk production and mammary gland health

2000 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLIVE J. C. PHILLIPS ◽  
PAUL C. CHIY ◽  
DAVID R. ARNEY ◽  
OLAV KÄRT
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
High Level

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium fertilizers and supplements on the milk production and mammary health of dairy cows. In Expt 1, where sodium fertilizer was applied to productive pastures consisting mainly of the natrophile perennial rye-grass, the herbage sodium content and the milk yield of cows was increased and milk somatic cell count (SCC) reduced. In Expt 2, which used pastures containing less productive, natrophobic grasses and broad-leaved plants in Estonia, sodium fertilizer did not increase herbage sodium content and did not affect milk production or composition. In Expt 3 the sodium content of the diet of individually tethered cows was increased from 1 to either 6 or 11 g/kg dry matter (DM) by adding salt to their restricted feed allowance, and the cows' milk yield was increased by the high level of sodium supplement and milk SCC were reduced by both levels of sodium supplement. The calcium and magnesium status of cows was improved by the sodium supplement. In Expt 4 a low level of supplementary salt was included in the ration of tethered cows to increase the sodium content of the diet from 2 to 3·6 g/kg DM. No effects on milk yield or SCC were found, but the sodium supplement reduced Staphylococcus aureus contamination of the milk, but not the proportion of milk samples infected with Escherichia coli. It was concluded that the optimum dietary sodium concentration for maximum milk yield was greater than the published requirements, and that substantial increases in sodium intake above current requirements also reduced milk SCC.

scholarly journals Effect of management factors on reproductive and milk production performance of a dairy sheep breed adapted to low-input management systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. TZANIDAKIS ◽  
N. VOUTZOURAKIS ◽  
A. STEFANAKIS ◽  
C. N. BROZOS ◽  
S. SOTIRAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

Interest on the implementation and improvisation of low-input dairy sheep farming is rising. Our study aimed to describe a) the milk productivity of the Sfakia sheep, a Mediterranean well-adapted to low-input management schemes breed (“low-input breed”), and b) the effect of management (MS) and milking system (MLS) on milk yield and quality. Monthly bulk milk samples (n=307) and reproductive data were collected from 10 extensive and 10 semi-intensive Sfakia sheep flocks in Crete Greece, over two consecutive lactations. All semi-intensive and four extensive farms were equipped with a milking parlour machine (MPM). A portable machine (PM) was used in three extensive farms; hand-milking (HM) was applied in the rest extensive farms. The effect of MS and MLS on daily milk yield/ewe (DMY), somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), pH and % lactose content (LACT) of milk was explored with linear mixed-effects models. Mean DMY (p<0.001) as well as the seasonal variation pattern of SCC (p=0.020) and LACT (p=0.018) differed between MS. TBC was higher in extensive farms using MPM than HM (p=0.002); PM was related to lower SCC, compared to MPM (p=0.044) and HM (p=0.012). Concluding, mild interventions in management and milking practices could improve the productivity of “low-input” dairy sheep breeds.

scholarly journals Effect of Mixed Invasions of Hypoderma bovis and Ostertagia ostertagi in Cattle on Milk Yield and Contents in Polish Dairy Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiszniewska-Łaszczych ◽  
Beata Wysok ◽  
Joanna Wojtacka ◽  
Marta Sołtysiuk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis

Wide distribution of ecto- and endoparasites in cattle is a serious problem in the sustainability of a farm, due to the negative impact on animals’ health and productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies against Ostertagia and Hypoderma in udder milk samples and the comparison of milk yield and content of the basic components of milk in ELISA-positive and ELISA-negative cows. Milk samples were collected from 148 lactating cows from 3 herds. Antibody detection was performed using specific ELISAs for Ostertagia ostertagi and Hypoderma bovis. Milk yield and content of protein, fat, and dry matter were studied in samples from each individual cow 11 times per year at 4 week intervals. The extensiveness of dual parasitic invasions in individual herds, estimated on the basis of udder milk testing with the ELISA test, varied and amounted to 3.22%, 11.36%, and 4.76% in the three studied herds, respectively. No antibodies were found in 61.2%, 22.7%, and 57.1% of the milk samples from the cows in each herd. The milk yield of ELISA-positive cows was significantly lower in comparison to the efficiency of ELISA-negative cows and amounted to 294 kg and even to 3672 kg of milk per year, per cow. No significant differences were found between the fat and protein contents of milk between ELISA-positive and -negative cows for both parasites.

Relationships among macro-minerals, other selected serum markers of bone profile and milk components of dairy cows during late-lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Mordak ◽  
Zbigniew Dobrzański ◽  
Robert Kupczyński
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Macro Mineral

AbstractTesting blood and milk parameters as well as analysing the relationships among these markers is very useful for monitoring the internal homeostasis and health in high-yielding dairy cows during various production periods. The aim of the study was to assess the correlations (relationships) among macro-minerals, such as calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), other selected bone profile markers, such as total protein (TP), albumin, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measured in serum and selected milk components such as number of somatic cells (SCC), colony-forming units (CFU), milk fat (MF), milk protein (MP), milk lactose (ML), dry matter (DM), non-fat dry matter (FDM) and milk production in late-lactation cows. Both blood and milk samples were collected from 11 clinically healthy milking cows during the late-lactation period. The cows were examined once a day for 3 consecutive days resulting in 33 sets of blood and milk samples for laboratory and statistical analysis. Significant correlations were observed between: Mg and MP, Mg and FDM, ALP and SCC, TP and SCC, TP and MP, TP and FDM, albumin and MP, albumin and FDM, P and Mg, Mg and albumin, and between TP and albumin. When monitoring macro-mineral homeostasis and mammary gland health, especially in intensively fed high-yielding dairy cows correlations between these markers should be considered. The revealed correlations can allow for deeper comparative laboratory diagnostics of homeostasis and can be especially useful for laboratory monitoring of the potential risk of subclinical macro-mineral deficiency in high-yielding dairy cows.

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