scholarly journals Rational and Adaptive Playing

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Hegselmann ◽  
Andreas Flache
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reinforcement Mechanism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Strategic Rationality ◽  
Micro Foundations ◽  
Simple Models

AbstractIn this paper we compare two micro foundations for modelling human behaviour and decision making. We focus on perfect strategic rationality on the one hand and a simple reinforcement mechanism on the other hand. Iterated prisoner’s dilemmas serve as the play ground for the comparison. The main lesson of our analysis is that in the space of all possible 2 × 2 PDs different micro foundations do matter. This suggests that researchers can not safely rely on the assumption that implementing simple models of decision making will yield the same results that may be obtained when more sophisticated decision rules are built into the agents.

scholarly journals Adjective complementation patterns and judgement: Aligning lexical-grammatical and discourse-semantic approaches in appraisal research

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Su ◽  
Susan Hunston
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
The One ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract This study takes a lexical-grammatical approach to exploring the evaluation of human behaviour and/or character. It uses adjective complementation patterns as the starting point to examine the lexical-grammatical resources at risk in the appraisal system of judgement, aiming to explore the extent to which we can arrive at the same categorization of the resources realizing judgement if a formal or lexical-grammatical approach, rather than a discourse-semantic one, is taken. Using a corpus compiled of texts categorized as ‘Biography’ in the British National Corpus, the study, on the one hand, shows that most of the items identified can be very satisfactorily classified in terms posited in the judgement system, suggesting that the nomenclature from that model is useful. On the other hand, a considerable number of items have also been identified which construe attitudes towards emotional types of personality traits, leading to the proposal of a potentially useful new judgement category and further an adjusted system of judgement. The heuristic potential of aligning the lexical-grammatical and discourse-semantic approaches to appraisal is further discussed.

Entscheidungsorientierte Steuerung der Personalinformationen

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Mönkediek ◽  
Norbert Zdrowomyslaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
The Other ◽  
Know How ◽  
Competitive Capabilities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Mitarbeiter sind zwar Kostenfaktor und Risikofaktor jedes Unternehmens, aber vor allem auch Leistungs-, Kreativ- und Wertschöpfungsfaktor. Legt man zugrunde, dass Humankapital und Wissen als zentrale Eckpfeiler der Innovations- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu werten sind, ist die entscheidungsorientierte Steuerung von Personalinformationen geradezu ein Muss für eine zukunftsorientierte Unternehmensentwicklung. Kenngrößen sollten Intuition und Erfahrung von Unternehmern sowie Führungskräften bei der Entscheidungsfindung und Entscheidungsdurchsetzung unterstützen. Dabei ist zweierlei zu bedenken: Zum einen sind unternehmensspezifische Bedürfnisse in das Berichtswesen und das Kennzahlencockpit zu integrieren und zum anderen bedeutet die Umsetzung von Personalmaßnahmen vor allem auch Transparenz zu schaffen und Kommunikation zu pflegen. Employees are considered as cost and risk factors but most importantly represent creative and value adding potential for companies. Since personnel and know-how are cornerstones of the company´s innovative and competitive capabilities, utilization of relevant personnel information is absolutely essential for a future orientated development of companies. Key performance indicators support intuition and experience of entrepreneurs and managers in decision making. While doing so company specific needs have to be taken into account in designing reporting and data cockpits on the one hand. On the other hand implementation of personnel related activities always demands transparency as well as timely and continuous communication. Keywords: views, verhaltenssteuerung, querys, personalcontrolling, datenanalyse

Vom kairós zum Ereignis: Martin Heideggers Auseinandersetzung mit dem Urchristentum

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-383
Author(s):  
Sandro Gorgone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

AbstractThe Greek term kairós signifies on the one hand an opportune moment and time for decision-making and on the other hand the unpredictable yet expected moment of Christ's return on the Judgment Day according to Paul. The goal of this essay is to establish the connection between kairós and Heidegger's central concept of ,,Ereignis", which he developed in his later years. The Freiburg lectures on the phenomenology of religious life from the early 1920s and the posthumously published works from the 1930s and 1940s will serve to illustrate how the tradition of the Greek and Christian kairós influenced Heidegger's development of the idea of possibly overcoming the chronometric and metaphysical understanding of time as ,,Jetztzeit". He was thus able to deny the ontological privilege of present and presence. The role of Paul is decisive for Heidegger's thinking: the factual experience of the first Christian communities has not only had an external influence on the ,,Daseinsanalytik"; it has also influenced the entire development of ,,Seinsgeschichte" and has had a significant impact on Heidegger's last attempt to define ,,Seinsgeschichte" itself through the ,,Ereignis" beyond any ontological perspective.

scholarly journals Gender in Literature: Crossing the Lines of Individuals in a Philippine Fiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Mildred M. Crisostomo ◽  
Mark Joseph B. Layug
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Gender Criticism

Under Gender Criticism, the researchers analysed Carlos Bulosan’s My Father Goes to Court to unveil the biases, stereotypes, issues, and tendencies as regard gender through the roles played by the characters in the story. Results show that on the surface, the male characters portrayed their roles based on what the society and culture accorded or dictated to them as authoritative, powerful, and dominant. Similarly, female characters were projected as powerless, weak, affective, and secondary to men. However, consciously or unconsciously, both characters crossed the borders and the lines of each other by performing roles not expected of them. On the one hand, male characters growled down to others, laughed their hearts out, and were protected. Then, on the other hand, female characters exercised power, showed leadership, manifested decision-making skills, and served as protectors. The researchers further revealed that gender is not a role to be played but an activity to be complete to avoid setting limits to any person’s tendencies. A study using the same literary text is recommended to continue its afterlife.

scholarly journals “To Vaccinate or Not to Vaccinate My Child?” What Is at Stake in Vaccination Repertoires?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosmin Toth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parental Decision ◽  
Parental Decision Making ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group I ◽  
Interpretative Repertoires ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

One of the most hotly debated topics in Romania in recent years has been the vaccination of children, especially in relation to the measles epidemic that began in 2016 and continues to this day. Using a discourse analytic perspective, this article addresses the main interpretative repertoires regarding the vaccination of children displayed in interview situations by two categories of parents, namely those who decided to vaccinate their children and those who refused to vaccinate their children. Regarding the first group, I have identified the following repertoires: (1) the repertoire of "I trust doctors, I trust science" as a repertoire of expressing total trust; (2) the repertoire of hypocrisy and ridicule in relation to “vaccine refusers” and (3) the repertoire of the absurdity of anti-vaccine theories. These repertoires come together into a broader discursive framework of epistemic superiority. The second group of parents (those who decided to refuse vaccination) developed a series of sub-repertoires to substantiate a rational, responsible and loving parent's identity. I conclude that although we are witnessing a dynamic dialogic construction, at present the repertoires are constructed in a way that cancels out a possible dialogue between the two groups. On the one hand, those who support vaccination do so from a position of epistemic superiority, accusing vaccine refusers of lack of reason and education. On the other hand, those who refuse vaccination construct hypertrophied and complex repertoires of responsibility, rationality and affectivity meant to replace the legitimacy of scientific, medical and administrative institutions as a basis for parental decision making.

Digitalization of work and heteronomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Mengay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Indirect Control ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Digitalization has two very different effects on work. On the one hand, it leads to a re-Taylorization of work, de-qualification and a loss of workers autonomy. On the other hand, digitalization of work leads to new forms of indirect control and algorithmic control that can be used to manage and instrumentalize the supposed autonomy of workers to actually enable an unequal and exploitative labour process. This article discusses the questions of heteronomy related to the digitalization of work, presents central aspects of new forms of control (direct, indirect, and algorithmic) and explains why formalization, data centred decision making and flexible structures are used to control the labour process and improve heteronomy of work.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic Theory of Occupants' Indoor-Environmental Control Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardeshir Mahdavi ◽  
Veselina Bochukova ◽  
Christiane Berger
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Pragmatic Theory ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Causal Theories

Computational tools for building design and operation support entail fairly detailed representations of buildings' geometry, construction, and systems. Recent efforts aim at enhancing, in these tools, the relatively less developed models of building users. Thereby, one of the key challenges concerns the fit between the nature and level of needed support (e.g., performance queries) on the one hand and the required or appropriate resolution of the applied occupant model on the other hand. Some queries involving aggregate performance indicator may be sufficiently served by simple models of occupants' presence and actions in buildings. Detailed queries, however, may necessitate the implementation of high-resolution dynamic occupant representations. Methods to generate an occupant model may be fully data-driven, or they may be based on explicitly stated causal theories of human behaviour. However, there is not necessarily a sharp boundary between these approaches: Regularities harnessed by data-driven methods often reveal an implicit theoretical feature, as they are key to mapping processes from independent variables (model input) to dependent variables (manifest behaviour). Causal methods, on the other hand, need data to both develop and calibrate occupant methods. In this context, the present paper introduces the outline and main elements of a pragmatic theory of control-oriented human behaviour in buildings. The theory is suggested to inform the efforts towards construction of occupant models in computational applications related to building design, operation, and evaluation. Specifically, it can systematically guide the formulation of occupant-related ontologies and their instantiation in computational applications.

scholarly journals “Confiar com um olho e desconfiar com o outro”: as negociações entre catireiros da região do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-462
Author(s):  
José Vitor Palhares ◽  
Alexandre De Pádua Carrieri ◽  
Alice Oleto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
The One

Although negotiation is regarded as one of the most fruitful business activities to address trust and honesty in decision making, studies on this topic are still necessary for the conceptual advancement of the field. This paper aims to analyze the relationships based on trust and honesty among the catireiros based in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesoregions of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in their negotiations. To achieve the proposed goal, we performed qualitative research, with an exploratory approach. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 31 catireiros of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba regions and analyzed according to the postulates of French Discourse Analysis. We concluded that, on the one hand, honesty and trust are paramount for some catireiros and contribute to the strengthening of their prestige and reputation withing the groups in which they are inserted. In other words, these values operate as a way of legitimizing who those catireiros are and how they negotiate. On the other hand, the catira is also characterized as a potentially opportunistic practice, which may involve mistrust, lies, manipulation, and dishonesty as elements inherent to its process and conditions for traders to obtain advantages in their catiras.

Ethics in Accounting and Finance

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Ionica Oncioiu ◽  
Tatiana Dănescu ◽  
Maria-Alexandra Popa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Ethical Conduct ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unethical Conduct ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The One

Accounting and taxation are two key functions for optimal performance of an entity's economic activity. Accounting, on the one hand, helps to provide the information needed for decision-making, and taxation, on the other hand, helps to find resources and use them efficiently. These two systems cannot function properly without trust, without ethics. This chapter aims to study the issue of applying ethical conduct in the fiscal and accounting field as well as to analyze the causes and consequences of ethical and unethical conduct specific to the topic addressed. Also, this chapter aims to present some proposals and recommendations for solving the identified problems.

Conditio humana und tugendhafte Willensbildung: Untiefen der Anerkennung bei Rousseau und Honneth

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-474
Author(s):  
Claudio A. Dalbosco
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Will ◽  
Conditio Humana ◽  
The One

Conditio Humana and Virtuous Decision-Making: Shallows of Recognition by Rousseau and Honneth Critically opposing Honneth’s interpretation, this essay has a double purpose: on the one hand, to show that, as Honneth rightly considers Rousseau a theorist of recognition, he should also regard him as a pioneer of the concept of social freedom; and, on the other hand, to justify that the profound intertwining present in the thought of the Genevan philosopher between the theory of recognition and the education of self-love can only be clarified on the basis of a theory of the virtuous education of the will.

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