Drawing the Technologies of Improving the Methods of Crisis Management Based on a Complex Approach

The purpose of any modern economic politics is to ensure the stability and economic growth. In order to achieve this goal, each economic agent models (builds) an individual economic strategy. The building of the actual economic model is influenced by many factors – political, geographical, national, and cultural. Today, by the notion of crisis, we understand an aggravation of the discrepancies of the social-economic system that threaten its stability. Specialist that deal with problems of crisis management claim that measures must be taken when the financial results of the enterprise become unsatisfactory, when symptoms of an unfavorable situation of the activity of enterprise appear. This chapter presents the economic-organizational analysis of the strategies applied in the anti-crisis management.

The Performance and Competitiveness of Romanian Enterprises in the European Economic Area

The scientific approach of the authors' aims at highlighting the performance of the Romanian enterprises, based on the statistical indicators, and their competitiveness in the national and European economic space. Romanian companies are facing a decline in productivity lately, mainly due to a shortage of qualified workforce. Exodus of the skilled labor force towards the European market has led, most of the time, especially among small and medium enterprises, to reducing their activity, decreasing their productivity, and implicitly, to decreasing the profit rate. In this context, the competitiveness of Romanian companies in the European economic space has dropped considerably. Throughout the research, the authors highlight the economic impact due to the use of an unskilled workforce, which led to a low productivity and a decrease in the performance of the enterprises. The research is the results of the analysis of the statistical data, mainly provided by National Institute of Statistics surveys.

Valences of the Corporate Governance in the Process of Accounting Reporting

In the context of the issues that the global economy is facing, one of the main concerns of the regulative authorities, of the professional organizations, and of entities was and still is identifying the risk factors that affect the systems of corporative governance and the systems and processes through which the supply of reliable information in the decision-making process is insured. Another concern is identifying reliable solutions for insuring the implementation of a proactive and prospective risk management that makes a mark on the utility of the information presented and communicated to the targeted users, especially through accounting reporting. Hence, through the necessity of insuring the transparency and the utility of accounting information, in this chapter, the role of corporate governance, in improving the process of accounting reporting and as a consequence of the value of accounting information, will be synthetically presented.

The Role of Internal Controls in Corporate Governance Systems

The recent scandals and corporate failures in the United States and in Europe have led to a renewed interest in research of corporate governance. The objective of this chapter was to explore the role of internal control in enhancing the corporate governance and supervise the functionality of the implementation of the corporate government principles. The results show that the internal control has a significant role in enhancing the corporate governance pillars in companies, and the successes of corporate governance requires compliance with all elements of internal control.

Throughput Accounting

This chapter presents some aspects of the managerial implications of throughput accounting on the tourism services market in Romania. The main objectives of this chapter are to present a comparative analysis of the managerial implications between the throughput accounting and the managerial accounting methods used by the entities from tourism industry. Based on the literature, the authors present the main theoretical and practical approaches to the throughput accounting, its principles, and correlations with various theories and methods. The throughput accounting contributes substantially to the managerial decision regarding the financial reporting of the entities providing tourism services. All the aspects presented by the authors are based on the international literature, university, and specialized studies within the providing tourism services entities. This chapter will contribute to widening the theoretical and practical debates on the implementation and benefits of throughput accounting within tourism services entities.

Throughput Accounting

This chapter illustrates some aspects of the theoretical and practical implications of TA for optimizing the profit of an entity. The main objectives of this chapter are to present a comparative analysis of the managerial implications between throughput accounting and some managerial accounting methods, hybridization attempts with other methods, as well as its advantages and limitations in the current context of implementation and profit optimization an economic entity. Based on the literature, the authors present the main approaches and the historical evolution of the throughput accounting, the principles of TA and TOC, as well as a comparative analysis between traditional accounting and TA. The chapter ends with the authors' conclusions on throughput accounting and its implications on management accounting methods, opening up new directions of future research aimed at highlighting various theoretical and methodological aspects encountered in academia or business environment.

Information Security Risk Management in the European Union

Currently the organization's risk management covers a wider range of risks, especially operational risks, reputation risks to the organization, and more recently, strategic risks. Moreover, within a growing number of organizations, responsibilities associated with risk management are assumed by the top management, which generally coordinates the teams of specialists directly responsible for monitoring the risks and the risk handling measures. This chapter focuses on how to implement an approach to reduce the identified risks to the information conveyed through computer systems and communications. In additional, it presents EU regulations relevant to the analysis and risk management information security.

Joint Enterprise and Financial Position Consolidated at the Date of Acquisition

The continuous increase in the diversity and complexity of economic and financial transactions at both national and transnational level is leading to a continuous dynamic of business organizations and reorganizations. Thus, some of the practical forms adopted are the formation of groups, associations, and other organizational forms, which implies the production of significant mutations in the standards and regulations in the field at national and international level. The chapter aims to introduce the concept of joint business and to distinguish between the notions of acquisition of assets and acquisition of businesses. It also discloses the required information requirements for affiliate related party as well as the interests held in other entities (subsidiaries, joint ventures, joint ventures, etc.).

The Decision Process Based on the Accounting Information System

Historical cost is the main basis for assessing tangible assets in the annual financial statements. However, the accounting regulations applicable in Romania allow the valuation of tangible investments at fair value determined by authorized persons. Once chosen, this option must be applied consistently for the entire class of tangible assets subject to revaluation. By January 1, 2015, national regulations did not allow the return from the fair value method to historical cost method. The chapter aims to present both the accounting and tax treatments to be adopted when choosing the fair value, as well as those related to returning to the cost-based approach.

Factor Influencing the Intention to Use E-Collection System in State-Owned Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria

The absence of effective and adequate means of revenue generation as well as collection in Nigeria has necessitated the federal government to introduce and adopt Treasury Single Account (TSA) through the full implementation of e-payment and e-collection system. This has also obliged the state governments across the country to adopt the TSA system. The e-collection system is a computer-based revenue collection system designed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of revenue collection through electronic means in order to prevent fund shortages and cash leaks within the government sectors. In this chapter, technology acceptance model (TAM), computer self-efficacy, and subjective norm were adopted to examine the level of preparedness of accounting staff of state-owned tertiary institutions with respect to their intentions to use the e-collection system. It is expected that the findings of this study would be used by policymakers at the state government level to further support the efforts towards effective implementation of TSA in Nigerian tertiary institutions.