Coenzymes Q9 and Q10, Vitamin E and Peroxidation in Rat Synaptic and Non-Synaptic Occipital Cerebral Cortex Mitochondria during Ageing

2001 ◽  
Vol 382 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Battino ◽  
Stefano Bompadre ◽  
Luciana Leone ◽  
Roberto F. Villa ◽  
Antonella Gorini
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Brain Mitochondria ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Great attention has been devoted both to ageing phenomena at the mitochondrial level and to the antioxidant status of membrane structures. These kinds of investigations are difficult to perform in the brain because of its heterogeneity. It is known that synaptic heavy mitochondria (HM) may represent an aged mitochondrial population characterized by a partial impairment of their typical mitochondrial function. We arranged a novel system requiring no extraction procedure, very limited handling of the samples and their direct injection into the HPLC apparatus, to carry out, for the first time, a systematic and concomitant determination of vitamin E, Coenzyme Q[9] (CoQ[9]) and Coenzyme Q[10] (CoQ[10]) contents in rat brain mitochondria. The trends found for CoQ[9] and CoQ[10] levels in synaptic and nonsynaptic occipital cerebral cortex mitochondria during rat ageing are consistent with previous data. Hydroperoxides (HP) differed with age and it was confirmed that in the HM fraction the summation of contributions results in an oxidatively jeopardized subpopulation. We found that vitamin E seems to increase with age, at least in nonsynaptic free (FM) and synaptic light (LM) mitochondria, while it was inclined to remain substantially constant in HM.

scholarly journals Fast and Reliable Multiresidue Analysis of Aromas in Wine by Means of Gas Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Analytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Ettore Guerriero ◽  
Massimo Iorizzo ◽  
Marina Cerasa ◽  
Ivan Notardonato ◽  
Bruno Testa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Headspace Analysis ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Quadrupole Mass ◽  
Multiresidue Analysis ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Steel Tank ◽  
First Time

The paper would like to show a direct injection into GC-MS/QqQ for the determination of secondary aromas in white wine samples fermented in two different ways. The procedure has been compared with more traditional methods used in this field, i.e., headspace analysis and liquid–liquid extraction. The application of such direct injection, for the first time in the literature, allows us to analyze Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the range 0.1–100 µg mL−1, with Limits of Detection (LODs) and Limits of Quantification (LOQs) between 0.01–0.05 µg mL−1 and 0.03–0.09 µg mL−1, respectively, intraday and interday below 5.6% and 8.5%, respectively, and recoveries above 92% at two different fortification levels. The procedure has been applied to real wine samples: it evidences how the fermentation in wood (cherry) barrel yields higher VOC levels than ones in wine fermented in steel tank, causing production of different secondary aromas and different relative flavors.

Coenzyme Q homologs and vitamin E in synaptic and non-synaptic occipital cerebral cortex mitochondria in the ageing rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Battino ◽  
S. Svegliati Baroni ◽  
G.P. Littarru ◽  
S. Bompadre ◽  
L. Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Coenzyme Q

scholarly journals The Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Action of Selenium Nanoparticles against Ischemia/Reoxygenation Are Mediated by the Activation of the Ca2+ Signaling System of Astrocytes and Reactive Astrogliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12825
Author(s):  
Elena G. Varlamova ◽  
Egor A. Turovsky ◽  
Valentina A. Babenko ◽  
Egor Y. Plotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Phosphoinositide Signaling ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Paracrine Activation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the study of the therapeutic effect of the microelement selenium, its compounds, especially selenium nanoparticles, with a large number of works devoted to their anticancer effects. Studies proving the neuroprotective properties of selenium nanoparticles in various neurodegenerative diseases began to appear only in the last 5 years. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of selenium nanoparticles under conditions of ischemia and reoxygenation remain unexplored, especially for intracellular Ca2+ signaling and neuroglial interactions. This work is devoted to the study of the cytoprotective mechanisms of selenium nanoparticles in the neuroglial networks of the cerebral cortex under conditions of ischemia/reoxygenation. It was shown for the first time that selenium nanoparticles dose-dependently induce the generation of Ca2+ signals selectively in astrocytes obtained from different parts of the brain. The generation of these Ca2+ signals by astrocytes occurs through the release of Ca2+ ions from the endoplasmic reticulum through the IP3 receptor upon activation of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway. An increase in the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ in astrocytes leads to the opening of connexin Cx43 hemichannels and the release of ATP and lactate into the extracellular medium, which trigger paracrine activation of the astrocytic network through purinergic receptors. Incubation of cerebral cortex cells with selenium nanoparticles suppresses ischemia-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ and necrotic cell death. Activation of A2 reactive astrocytes exclusively after ischemia/reoxygenation, a decrease in the expression level of a number of proapoptotic and proinflammatory genes, an increase in lactate release by astrocytes, and suppression of the hyperexcitation of neuronal networks formed the basis of the cytoprotective effect of selenium nanoparticles in our studies.

Note on Gas Chromatographic Determination of Antihistamines Employing a Dual Column Direct Injection System

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-611
Author(s):  
Thomas J Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Column System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dual Column

Abstract A GLC method is presented for the rapid direct analysis of antihistamines in pharmaceuticals in which the common interfering components are separated by gas chromatography. In previous papers the interferences are first separated by extraction before injection on the column. A dual column system makes it possible to separate each of the antihista mine peaks from each of the 7 most common accompanying component peaks. A simple 1-step extraction procedure is given for the separation of flavoring materials in sirups. Since only 1 or 2 antihistamines are present in any given sample, peak overlapping does not usually present a problem. Deviations from linearity on each column tested were minimal.

Oxidative stress in the brain of nicotine-induced toxicity: protective role of Andrographis paniculata Nees and vitamin E

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhasis Das ◽  
N. Gautam ◽  
Sankar Kumar Dey ◽  
Tarasankar Maiti ◽  
Somenath Roy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Brain Mitochondria ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
The Brain

Mitochondria are the crossroads of several crucial cellular activities; they produce considerable quantities of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, which can damage important macromolecules. Nicotine affects a variety of cellular processes, from induction of gene expression to modulation of enzymatic activities. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective effects of andrographolide (ANDRO) aqueous extract (AE-Ap) of Andrographis paniculata, and vitamin E on nicotine-induced brain mitochondria. In this investigation, nicotine (1 mg·kg body mass–1·day–1) was treated, for the period of 7 days, simultaneously with 2 A. paniculata products, ANDRO and AE-Ap (250 mg·kg body mass–1·day–1); and vitamin E (50 mg·kg body mass–1·day–1) was supplemented in different group of male Wistar rats. The activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain (Mito–ETC) complexes (I, II, III), nitric oxide production, superoxide anion, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and concentrations of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione were measured in discrete regions of brain (the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, diencephalons, and brain stem). The study revealed that nicotine inhibits the Mito–ETC complexes and produces nitric oxide, which suppressed the mitochondrial oxidative stress scavenger system in different brain regions. In these circumstances, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were noted in different discrete regions of brain mitochondria. ANDRO, AE-Ap, and vitamin E showed the protective potentiality against nicotine toxicity. The analysis of such alterations is important in determining the basis of normal dysfunction in the brain associated with nicotine toxicity, which could be ameliorated by A. paniculata and vitamin E, and may help to develop therapeutic means against nicotine-induced disorders.

scholarly journals Simultaneous determination of homologues of vitamin E and coenzyme Q and products of α-tocopherol oxidation

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2099-2105
Author(s):  
Claude Leray ◽  
Margaret D. Andriamampandry ◽  
Monique Freund ◽  
Christian Gachet ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cazenave
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Coenzyme Q

scholarly journals Determination of Vitamin E in Cereal Products and Biscuits by GC-FID

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Pasias ◽  
Ioannis K. Kiriakou ◽  
Lila Papakonstantinou ◽  
Charalampos Proestos
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Good Accordance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Certified Values

A rapid, precise, accurate and low cost method for the determination of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in cereal products and biscuits was developed. The uncertainty was calculated for the first time and the methods were performed in different cereal products and biscuits, characterized as “superfoods”. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated. Accuracy and precision were estimated using the certified reference material FAPAS T10112QC and the determined values were in good accordance with the certified values. The health claims according to the daily reference values for vitamin E were calculated and the results proved that the majority of the samples examined showed %daily value higher than 15%.

Improved HPLC column-switching determination of coenzyme Q and Vitamin E in plasma

BioFactors ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bompadre ◽  
Sara Tulipani ◽  
Stefania Romandini ◽  
Raffaele Giorgetti ◽  
Maurizio Battino
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Column Switching ◽  
Hplc Column

scholarly journals Effects of ergotamine on the central nervous system using untargeted metabolomics analysis in a mouse model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Reddy ◽  
Delphine Vincent ◽  
Joanne Hemsworth ◽  
Vilnis Ezernieks ◽  
Kathryn Guthridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe ergot alkaloid ergotamine is produced by Claviceps purpurea, a parasitic fungus that commonly infects crops and pastures of high agricultural and economic importance. In humans and livestock, symptoms of ergotism include necrosis and gangrene, high blood pressure, heart rate, thermoregulatory dysfunction and hallucinations. However, ergotamine is also used in pharmaceutical applications to treat migraines and stop post-partum hemorrhage. To define its effects, metabolomic profiling of the brain was undertaken to determine pathways perturbed by ergotamine treatment. Metabolomic profiling identified the brainstem and cerebral cortex as regions with greatest variation. In the brainstem, dysregulation of the neurotransmitter epinephrine, and the psychoactive compound 2-arachidonylglycerol was identified. In the cerebral cortex, energy related metabolites isobutyryl-L-carnitine and S-3-oxodecanoyl cysteamine were affected and concentrations of adenylosuccinate, a metabolite associated with mental retardation, were higher. This study demonstrates, for the first time, key metabolomic pathways involved in the behavioural and physiological dysfunction of ergot alkaloid intoxicated animals.

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