scholarly journals Do Immigrants Compete with Natives in the Greek Labour Market? Evidence from the Skill-Cell Approach before and during the Great Recession

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chletsos ◽  
Stelios Roupakias
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Skill Groups ◽  
Endogenous Selection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variables Approach

Abstract We attempt to identify the impact of immigration on the labour market opportunities of resident workers by analysing data from the Greek Labour Force Survey (1999–2015) as well as census data for 1981, 1991, and 2001. Slicing the national labour market into education and experience segments, we find modest adverse effects on the employment outcomes of natives and usually insignificant effects on earnings. Our results are generally robust to alternative definitions of skill groups and the potential “downgrading” of immigrants. Importantly, we obtain similar results in qualitative terms when we account for potential endogenous selection into skill-cells, by implementing an instrumental variables approach in the spirit of Card (2001). We also show that veteran immigrants compete more heavily with natives than recent immigrants do. In addition, our analysis indicates that the effects of immigration were economically more important during the Greek crisis. Finally, the evidence supports the idea that migrants push natives towards complementary, non-routine tasks.

Labour market statistics

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
Paul Bivand
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Data Use ◽  
International Labour Organisation ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Minimum Wage Legislation ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
New Forms Of Work ◽  
The Impact

The chapter begins by identifying the theoretical roots of labour market concepts, notably the Phillips Curve relating unemployment and inflation. It then presents the definitions of “employment” and “unemployment” developed by the International Labour Organisation. These are measured by the quarterly Labour Force Survey, which provides not just simple counts but also flows between these categories, here presented graphically. One problem is that localised unemployment data use different definitions from the national headline rate, but a larger problem is that in all measures individuals must be counted as either employed or unemployed, when increasing numbers of workers work fewer or more hours than they wish, sometimes on variable hours contracts or as insecure sub-contractors in the “gig economy”. These new forms of work, generally disadvantaged, make gathering reliable data harder, and the chapter ends by discussing earnings data, and measuring the impact of minimum wage legislation.

scholarly journals Global market opportunities: analysis of the foreign language websites in the Czech economy in the context of the number of it professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Radek Sobehart ◽  
Frantisek Stellner ◽  
Stanislav Bilek ◽  
Lenka Dienesova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Contingency Table Analysis ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Market Opportunities

This paper analyses the use and management of web portals of the Czech industries. This paper investigates which industries have the highest shares of foreign language portals. This share is compared to the number of hired IT professionals. This paper is based on the thesis that competing in global markets requires skilled labour force in the form of IT specialist. The analysis will be split into two parts because the management of web portals can be done in-house or outsourced. The statistical evaluation will be based on the contingency table analysis and detailed summary statistics. Foreign language web portals are essential to world market opportunities. Czech labour market provides only a limited number of IT specialist to hire. Results suggest that there are differences between industries (services, trade, manufacturing) in the management of web portals (in-house vs. outsourcing) and the number of IT specialist depends on the use of foreign language web portals. The outsourcing of international management of web portals or joining the global value chains is starting to be a more affordable and interesting option because the labour costs of IT specialist are raising in the Czech labour market.

scholarly journals Job separation rates of immigrants and natives in the UK during the Great Recession

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036-1054
Author(s):  
Dafni Papoutsaki
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the probability of job separations of immigrants and natives in the UK before and during the economic crisis of 2008. Design/methodology/approach A mixed proportional hazard duration model with a semi-parametric piecewise constant baseline hazard is used on a data sample of inflows into employment. Findings It is found that the crisis increased the probability of exits to unemployment for all groups, while immigrants from the new countries of the European Union seemed to have the lowest hazard towards unemployment even after controlling for their demographic and labour market characteristics. More specifically, even when we account for the fact that they tend to cluster in jobs that are most vulnerable to the business cycle, they are still less likely to exit dependent employment than natives. However, this migrant group is adversely affected by the crisis the most. Research limitations/implications Possible implications of out-migration of the lower performers are discussed. Originality/value This paper makes use of the panel element of the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey, and uses duration analysis on the individual level to assess the labour market outcomes of natives and immigrants in the UK.

scholarly journals Where Have All the Youngsters Gone? The Background and Consequences of Young Adults’ Outmigration from Hungarian Small Towns

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadett Makkai ◽  
Éva Máté ◽  
Gábor Pirisi ◽  
András Trócsányi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
And Migration ◽  
International Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Due to the general demographic situation in Hungary and the recent overall crisis of this traditional settlement-type, Hungarian small towns have been facing an intensive shrinking since the last decade. Although natural decrease and migration loss are almost equal factors of population decline, outmigration seems to be a more strategic, critical problem for these settlements. There are hardly any reliable data available about the migrants leaving small towns, but some of them seem to support the wellknown assumption that the young people, who leave these towns are looking for wider horizons and better perspectives. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the outmigration of young adults from small towns, and give estimation about the international aspects of migration, which is hardly ever published in official statistics. The paper also aims at revealing the impact of the intensive migration on the local labour market. A short statistical analysis based on census data and two empirical surveys conducted by the authors are also included. One was carried out with the support of volunteer contributors, former small-town students, who tried to reconstruct the post-secondary school migration of their former classmates. The other survey contains a series of interviews focusing on the consequences of the young adults’ migration on the labour market. The results facilitate the estimation regarding the (weak) capability of small towns to keep their young population, and highlight the problems of local developmental options within the context of demographic shrinkage.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE MINIMUM WAGE ON THE REPRODUCTION OF THE LABOUR FORCE IN THE RUSSIAN LABOUR MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (32(59)) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
K. Sergey
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Living Wage ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
The Impact

The application of regulatory mechanisms such as the minimum wage and the subsistence minimum for the reproduction of the labour force requires special attention from the State. The Russian labour market traditionally has a significant superiority of the average wage level over the living wage and above the minimum wage, which makes these mechanisms not effective in regulating reproductive processes. The existing gap between the average wage and the minimum wage causes imperfect competition in the Russian labour market. This necessitates a review of approaches to the minimum wage and living wage in order to extend these government regulatory mechanisms to labour reproduction processes.

The Impact of Early Life-Course Transitions on Equality at Work and Home

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Ward ◽  
Angela Dale
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Life Course Transitions ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates two aspects of the paid employment relationship between female and male partners aged 23. It is argued that in order to understand women's position in the home and the labour market it is necessary to consider employment relationships in the context of the household. The impact of children on women's labour force participation is already well known and in this paper we show that marriage also has an independent effect on hours worked. The second aspect of the paper concerns the relative financial contribution of each partner to the family income from their labour market earnings. It is recognised that power and equality within the home are to some extent derived from the relative contribution of partners to the family income. It is shown that women are economically dependent on men even in the early stages of their partnership before children and that this dependence is greater among women with children.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Labour Relations in Estonia

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-277
Author(s):  
Kristi Joamets ◽  
Archil Chochia
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The third industrial revolution, the digital revolution, affected economy and thus labour relations, too. Now the so-called fourth revolution, the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution, will cause further massive changes in the labour market. This is not just about the caution that robots will replace all employees, but this also raises a question about new skills the labour market requires the employees to have. Scientific literature and the EU policy documents do not cover the AI – labour market issues in a unified approach, however welcoming the development of new technologies on the one hand, with concerns about weakening the labour force by jobs loses, on the other hand. The article elucidates the AI revolution and analyses the AI influence on labour market, specifically identifying the new skills required, based on relevant scientific literature and the EU policy documents. Considering the AI impact on labour relations, continuous alteration of skills and knowledge offered should be of special concern– it is not only about a labour relation per se, new models emerge all the time in the labour market. The authors also investigate the impact of AI on the Estonian labour market, i.e. whether the AI´s effects appear as disastrous as expected or simply a welcome development for the welfare of the state. The article discusses how AI impacts labour relations and which professions fall in a greater risk of disappearing and, more specifically, the AI´s influence on the Estonian labour market.

scholarly journals The 500+ Family Program and the objective of the Europe 2020 labour market area

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Barbara Kryk
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

There is huge controversy around the issue of the impact of the 500+ benefit program on the labour market in Poland, especially on the professional activity of women. The effects in this area are not only relevant for the country but also for the European Union as a whole, as they determine the achievement of the employment goal of the Europe 2020 strategy. It was, therefore, decided to examine this issue more closely. The main goal of the article is to investigate how the 500+ benefit affects the supply of female labour force and the achievement of the employment target of the Europe 2020 strategy. The specific objectives: (1) what were the goals of the Polish government in the area of the labour market at the beginning of the implementation of the EU strategy, and what goals are currently in the Strategy for Responsible Development (SOR)? (2) what were the dynamics of female labour supply compared to the changes in the labour market ? (3) what is the significance of the 500+ program for the trends in the labour market ? (4) what loss (if any) for the economy resulted from the reduction of women’s employment generated? The subject of the study is women’s labour supply/employment, and the subject of research is the Polish economy. To achieve the study goals, the desk research method, time series and indicator analysis, and GDP gaps were used. The research period is 2010-2019, with particular emphasis on the period after the introduction of the benefit in 2016. The research conducted shows that adverse changes in the labour force supply of women caused by the 500+ benefits, were offset by the return to the labour market of previously unemployed or inactive people. Thus, the strategic goal related to employment was achieved.

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