Polycaprolactone / bioactive glass hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration

Abstract Bioactive glasses (BG) bond to bone and stimulate bone regeneration, but they are brittle. Inorganicorganic hybrids appear as promising bone substitutes since they associate the bone mineral forming ability of BG with the toughness of polymers. Hybrids comprised of polycaprolactone (PCL) and SiO2-CaO BG were produced by sol-gel chemistry and processed into porous scaffolds with controlled pore and interconnection sizes. The obtained scaffolds are highly flexible, meaning that PCL effectively introduces toughness. Apatite formation is observed within 24 hours of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and is not limited to the surface as the entire hybrid progressively changes into bone-like minerals. The degradation rate is suitable for bone regeneration with a 13.2% weight loss after 8 weeks of immersion. Primary osteoblasts cultured in scaffolds demonstrate that the samples are not cytotoxic and provide good cell adhesion. The in vivo study confirms the bioactivity, biocompatibility and suitable degradation rate of the hybrid. A physiological bone made of trabeculae and bone marrow regenerates. The structure and kinetic of bone regeneration was similar to the implanted commercial standard based on bovine bone, demonstrating that this new synthetic PCL-BG hybrid could perform as well as animal-derived bone substitutes.

Download Full-text

Pre-Treat Xenogenic Collagenous Blocks of Bone Substitutes with Saline Facilitate Their Manipulation and Guarantee High Bone Regeneration Rates, Qualitatively and Quantitatively

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9030308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 308

Author(s):

Stephane Durual ◽

Leandra Schaub ◽

Mustapha Mekki ◽

Daniel Manoil ◽

Carla P. Martinelli-Kläy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Saline Treatment ◽

Ether Ether Ketone ◽

Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽

High Bone

Deproteinized bovine bone mineral particles embedded in collagen (DBBM-C) are widely used for bone regenerations with excellent, albeit sometimes variable clinical outcomes. Clinicians usually prepare DBBM-C by mixing with blood. Replacing blood by saline represents an alternative. We investigated if saline treatment could improve DBBM-C i. handling in vitro and ii. biological performances in a rabbit calvarial model. In vitro, DBBM-C blocks soaked in saline or blood were submitted to compression tests. In vivo, four poly ether ether ketone (PEEK)cylinders were placed on 16 rabbit skulls, filled with DBBM-C soaked in blood or saline for 2–4–8–12 weeks before histomorphometry. DBBM-C blocks were fully hydrated after 30 s in saline when 120 s in blood could not hydrate blocks core. Stiffness gradually decreased 2.5-fold after blood soaking whereas a six-fold decrease was measured after 30 s in saline. In vivo, saline treatment allowed 50% more bone regeneration during the first month when compared to blood soaking. This difference was then no longer visible. New bone morphology and maturity were equivalent in both conditions. DBBM-C saline-soaking facilitated its handling and accelerated bone regeneration of highly qualitative tissues when compared to blood treatment. Saline pretreatment thus may increase the clinical predictability of bone augmentation procedures.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Degradation of β-TCP/PLLA Scaffolds with Different Proportions of β-TCP

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1545 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 336-338 ◽

pp. 1545-1548

Author(s):

Lin Luo ◽

Guang Fu Yin ◽

Yun Zhang ◽

Ya Dong Yao ◽

Wei Zhong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Degradation Rate ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Carbonate Apatite ◽

Tissue Formation ◽

Cellular Attachment ◽

Biodegradable Scaffolds ◽

Scaffold Structure ◽

Mechanical Strengths

Porous biodegradable scaffolds are widely used in bone tissue engineering to provide temporary templates for cellular attachment and matrix synthesis. Ideally, the degradation rate in vivo may be similar or slightly less than that of tissue formation, allowing for the maintenance of the scaffold structure and the mechanical support during early stages of tissue formation. Eventually, the 3-D spaces occupied by the porous scaffolds will be replaced by newly formed tissue. In this work, β-tricalcium phosphate/Poly-L lactide (β-TCP/PLLA) scaffolds with different proportions of β-TCP to PLLA were investigated. The effects of β-TCP proportions on degradation rate and mechanical strengths of the scaffolds were evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C up to 42 days. Results show that: different proportions of β-TCP to PLLA have significant influence on degradation behaviors of the scaffolds, and mechanical strengths of the scaffolds with weight proportion of β-TCP to PLLA being 2 to 1 are much higher than those of the others during the degradation period. And in this period, the scaffolds biodegrade slowly, and Hydroxyl Carbonate Apatite (HCA) forms in the surface of the material.

Download Full-text

Collagen Scaffolds Containing Hydroxyapatite-CaO Fiber Fragments for Bone Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12051174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shiao-Wen Tsai ◽

Sheng-Siang Huang ◽

Wen-Xin Yu ◽

Yu-Wei Hsu ◽

Fu-Yin Hsu

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Regeneration Ability ◽

Burst Release ◽

Electrospinning Technique

Collagen (COL) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are the major components of bone, therefore, COL-HAp composites have been widely used as bone substitutes to promote bone regeneration. We have reported that HAp-CaO fibers (HANFs), which were fabricated by a sol-gel route followed by an electrospinning technique, possessed good drug-loading efficiency and limited the burst release of tetracycline. In the present study, we used HANF fragments to evaluate the effects of COL-HANF scaffolds on MG63 osteoblast-like cell behaviors. COL-HANF composite scaffolds in which the average diameter of HANFs was approximately 461 ± 186 nm were fabricated by a freeze-drying process. The alkaline phosphatase activity and the protein expression levels of OCN and BSP showed that compared with COL alone, the COL-HANF scaffold promoted the differentiation of MG63 osteoblast-like cells. In addition, the bone regeneration ability of the COL-HANF scaffold was examined by using a rabbit condylar defect model in vivo. The COL-HANF scaffold was biodegradable and promoted bone regeneration eight weeks after the operation. Hence, we concluded that the COL-HANF scaffold has potential as a bone graft for bone tissue engineering.

Download Full-text

Hybrid Bioactive Glass-Polyvinyl Alcohol Prepared by Sol-Gel

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.62 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 587-588 ◽

pp. 62-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hermes S. Costa ◽

Alexandra A.P. Mansur ◽

Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli ◽

Marivalda Pereira ◽

Herman S. Mansur

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Composite Foams ◽

Composition Ratios ◽

Hybrid Scaffolds ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Bioactive glasses are materials that have been used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased bone tissues, as they exhibit direct bonding with human bone tissues. However, bioactive glasses have low mechanical properties compared to cortical and cancellous bone. On the other hand, composite materials of biodegradable polymers with inorganic bioactive glasses are of particular interest to engineered scaffolds because they often show an excellent balance between strength and toughness and usually improved characteristics compared to their individual components. Composite bioactive glass-polyvinyl alcohol foams for use as scaffolds in tissue engineering were previously developed using the sol-gel route. The goal of this work was the synthesis of composite foams modified with higher amounts of PVA. Samples were characterized by morphological and chemical analysis. The mechanical behavior of the obtained materials was also investigated. The degree of hydrolysis of PVA, concentration of PVA solution and different PVA-bioactive glass composition ratios affect the synthesis procedure. Foams with up to 80 wt% polymer content were obtained. The hybrid scaffolds obtained exhibited macroporous structure with pore size varying from 50 to 600 µm and improved mechanical properties.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Argon Plasma Treated Bovine Bone Substitute on Bone Regeneration

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9120790 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 790

Author(s):

Jong-Ju Ahn ◽

Ji-Hyun Yoo ◽

Eun-Bin Bae ◽

Gyoo-Cheon Kim ◽

Jae Joon Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Bone Substitute ◽

Argon Plasma ◽

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽

Regeneration Ability ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Significant Difference

This study was undertaken to compare new bone formation between non-expired and expired bovine-derived xenogeneic bone substitute (expired, out-of-use period) and to evaluate the efficacy of argon (Ar)-based atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment on expired bone substitute in rat calvarial defect. The groups were divided into (1) Non/Expired group (Using regular xenografts), (2) Expired group (Using expired xenografts), and (3) Ar/Expired group (Using Ar-based APP treated expired xenografts). Surface observation and cell experiments were performed in vitro. Twelve rats were used for in vivo experiment and the bony defects were created on the middle of the cranium. The bone substitute of each group was implanted into the defective site. After 4 weeks, all the rats were sacrificed, and the volumetric, histologic, and histometric analyses were performed. In the results of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, Non/Expired and Ar/Expired groups were significantly higher than Expired group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups in the animal study (p > 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, the surface treatment of Ar-based APP has a potential effect on the surface modification of bone grafts. However, there was no significant difference in bone regeneration ability between groups in vivo; thus, studies on APP to enhance bone regeneration should be carried out in the future.

Download Full-text

In vitro kinetic investigations on the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of bioactive glasses prepared via melting and sol–gel techniques for bone regeneration applications

Biomedical Materials ◽

10.1088/1748-605x/aa5a30 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 015029 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mayyada M H El-Sayed ◽

Amany A Mostafa ◽

Alaa M Gaafar ◽

Walid El Hotaby ◽

Esmat MA Hamzawy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Kinetic Investigations

Download Full-text

Cell Colonization Ability of a Commercialized Large Porous Alveolar Scaffold

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics ◽

10.1155/2017/8949264 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

S. Lemonnier ◽

T. Bouderlique ◽

S. Naili ◽

H. Rouard ◽

J. Courty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Substitutes ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Cellular Viability ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Porous Microstructure ◽

Colonization Ability ◽

Large Bone

The use of filling biomaterials or tissue-engineered large bone implant-coupling biocompatible materials and human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells seems to be a promising approach to treat critical-sized bone defects. However, the cellular seeding onto and into large porous scaffolds still remains challenging since this process highly depends on the porous microstructure. Indeed, the cells may mainly colonize the periphery of the scaffold, leaving its volume almost free of cells. In this study, we carry out an in vitro study to analyze the ability of a commercialized scaffold to be in vivo colonized by cells. We investigate the influence of various physical parameters on the seeding efficiency of a perfusion seeding protocol using large manufactured bone substitutes. The present study shows that the velocity of the perfusion fluid and the initial cell density seem to impact the seeding results and to have a negative effect on the cellular viability, whereas the duration of the fluid perfusion and the nature of the flow (steady versus pulsed) did not show any influence on either the fraction of seeded cells or the cellular viability rate. However, the cellular repartition after seeding remains highly heterogeneous.

Download Full-text

Simultaneous in vivo comparison of bone substitutes in a guided bone regeneration model

Biomaterials ◽

10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.021 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (22) ◽

pp. 3195-3200 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Dieter Busenlechner ◽

Stefan Tangl ◽

Birgit Mair ◽

Georg Fugger ◽

Reinhard Gruber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Guided Bone Regeneration

Download Full-text

In vivo approach on femur bone regeneration of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with the use of hydroxyapatite from cuttlefish bone (Sepia spp.) as bone filler

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.809-816 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 809-816

Author(s):

Aminatun Aminatun ◽

D.E. Fadhilah Handayani ◽

Prihartini Widiyanti ◽

Dwi Winarni ◽

Siswanto Siswanto

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Control Group ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Lamellar Bone ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Femur Bone ◽

Woven Bone ◽

Bone Filler

Background: Hydroxyapatite (HA) from bovine bone has been widely used as bone filler in many fractures cases. HA can also be made from cuttlefish bone (Sepia spp.) that has abundant availability in Indonesia and contains 84% CaCO3, which is a basic ingredient of HA. However, research on the effects of HA from cuttlefish bone on bone regeneration parameters has not been done yet. Aim: This study aimed to determine femur bone regeneration of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) through the use of HA from cuttlefish bone (Sepia spp.) as bone filler. Materials and Methods: HA was made using the hydrothermal method by mixing 1M aragonite (CaCO3) from cuttlefish bone and 0.6 M NH4H2PO4 at 200°C for 12 h followed by sintering at 900°C for 1 h. In vivo test was carried out in three groups, including control group, bovine bone-derived HA group, and cuttlefish bone-derived HA group. The generation of femur bone was observed through the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, woven bone, lamellar bone, havers system, and repair bone through anatomical pathology test for 28 days and 56 days. Results: Anatomical pathology test results are showed that administration of bovine bone-derived HA and cuttlefish bone-derived HA increased the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, woven bone, lamellar bone, havers system, and bone repair at recuperation of 56 days. Statistical test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test was resulted in significant differences between the bovine bone-derived HA control group and the cuttlefish-derived HA control group. There was no significant difference toward the indication of bone formation through the growth of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, woven bone, lamellar bone, havers system, and bone repair in the bovine bone-derived HA and cuttlefish bone-derived HA groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that cuttlefish bone-derived HA has the potential as bone filler based on the characteristics of bone regeneration through in vivo test.

Download Full-text

Bioactive Glass and Silicate-Based Ceramic Coatings on Metallic Implants: Open Challenge or Outdated Topic?

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12182929 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 2929 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Giulia Brunello ◽

Hamada Elsayed ◽

Lisa Biasetto

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Coatings ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Coating Materials ◽

Bioactive Coatings ◽

Metallic Implants ◽

Speed Up

The overall success and long-term life of the medical implants are decisively based on the convenient osseointegration at the hosting tissue-implant interface. Therefore, various surface modifications and different coating approaches have been utilized to the implants to enhance the bone formation and speed up the interaction with the surrounding hosting tissues, thereby enabling the successful fixation of implants. In this review, we will briefly present the main metallic implants and discuss their biocompatibility and osseointegration ability depending on their chemical and mechanical properties. In addition, as the main goal of this review, we explore the main properties of bioactive glasses and silica-based ceramics that are used as coating materials for both orthopedic and dental implants. The current review provides an overview of these bioactive coatings, with a particular emphasis on deposition methods, coating adhesion to the substrates and apatite formation ability tested by immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). In vitro and in vivo performances in terms of biocompatibility, biodegradability and improved osseointegration are examined as well.

Download Full-text