scholarly journals First report of Chlamydia psittaci seroprevalence in black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) at Dianchi Lake, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-252
Author(s):  
Hua Chang ◽  
Jiangqiang Han ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Gang Duan ◽  
Fengcai Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Dianchi Lake ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Larus Ridibundus ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination

AbstractChlamydiosis is an important zoonosis which can transmit from birds to humans, and investigation first reported the seroprevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) at the Dianchi Lake, China. A total of 1029 serum samples collected from black-headed gulls between 2012-2015 were analyzed. The gulls were randomly caught and blood collected at Dianchi Lake, China. All the samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to C. psittaci by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). In this survey, the total infection rate was 11.86% (122/1029). The results of the present survey documented the existence of relatively high C. psittaci seroprevalence in black-headed gulls, which have a potential risk to the wild bird health and human health. Comprehensive practical control approaches and measures should be executed.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Serological Study of Leishmaniasis in Najran Region, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Mokhtar I. Khalil ◽  
Mosa M. Bahnass ◽  
M. I. M Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Leishmaniasis is a public health and veterinary hazard. Screening of serum samples of 384 human and 387 domestic animals were carried out by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHAT) to detect antibodies against L. donovani and to see the involvement of animal reservoirs in Najran region, Saudi Arabia. The overall prevalence of human Leishmaniasis infection in Najran area, Saudi Arabia was 8.3%. The prevalence rate of human Leishmaniasis was significantly higher in summer (21.9 %) and spring (8.3%) than in winter and autumn. In addition, the prevalence rate of human Leishmaniasis was significantly higher in old age (17.6%) and young period (7.3%). Out of 53 females and 331 males, 3 (5.7%) females and 29 (8.8%) males were found to be infected with human Leishmaniasis, respectively. The highest titer in human was 1/256 with percentage of 43.8%. Antibody against L. donovani in domestic animals was detected and the overall proportion of occurrence was 1.6%. The prevalence rate of Leishmaniasis infection was significantly higher in goats than in sheep, camel and horses. The highest titer (1/512) was in goats. The study was thrown light on infected African and Asian workers as source of Leishmaniasis infection. Also, this study suggests the possibility of varied species of domestic animals to harbor the parasite and hence play a central role in the transmission. Consequently, this may hurdle our clarification of disease epidemiology.

scholarly journals Seropositivity for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies among blood donors of the "Hospital Universitário Regional do Norte do Paraná", Londrina, Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche ◽  
Marta Mutsumi Zaha Inouye ◽  
Rubens Pontello ◽  
Helena Kaminami Morimoto ◽  
Shiduca Itow Jankevicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
The Town

The most frequent form of acquisition of Chagas' disease in endemic areas was the transmission through the feces of contaminated triatominae. However, special attention should be paid in urban areas to transmission by blood transfusion, justifying the compulsory screening of blood donors. Early investigations at blood banks in the town of Londrina, Brazil, demonstrated that the seroprevalence of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies among blood donors was approximately 7.0% in the fifties9,34. Further studies demonstrated pratically the same seroprevalence until the eighties4,32,41. In an attempt to obtain data about the real dimension of the seropositivity for anti-Trypasonoma cruzi antibodies in the region, the authors carried out a large-scale study on 45,774 serum samples from blood donors of the Hemocentro of Hospital Universitário Regional do Norte do Paraná (HURNP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina. The immunological tests were done at the Division of Clinical Immunology of HURNP from May 1990 to December 1994. The serum samples were studied by the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA, using kits commercially obtained from EBRAM) and by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI, using kits from LIO SERUM) with anti-human IgG conjugate (LABORCLIN). The results demonstrated that 643 serum samples were positive in both assay corresponding to a seroprevalence of 1.4%, i.e., a significant decrease in anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in the region in comparison with the previously mentioned rates. Data correlating sex and age of seropositive blood donors are presented, as well as the possible factors that may have contributed to the results observed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Dot ELISA Using GroEL Recombinant Protein as an Antigen and an Indirect Hemagglutination Assay for Serodiagnosis of Melioidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Kanyanan Kritsiriwuthinan ◽  
Sumet Wajanarogana ◽  
Kantima Choosang ◽  
Thitima Pimklang
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Dot Elisa ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Melioidosis is a disease caused by the Burkholderia pseudomallei bacterium. The mortality rate of infected patients is quite high because the symptoms are similar to those of various diseases, making it difficult to diagnose clinically and preventing the immediate treatment with effective antibiotics that is required for the management of acute infections. To provide appropriate treatment, accurate and rapid diagnosis is required. Objective: The aims of this study were to develop Dot ELISA using purified GroEL B. pseudomallei recombinant protein as an antigen and to compare the newly developed assay with an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for the diagnosis of melioidosis. Methods: The GroEL recombinant protein was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography before being used as an antigen. The optimal conditions of the Dot ELISA were determined and used for subsequent experiments. A total of 291 serum samples were evaluated by the established Dot ELISA and IHA, using the bacterial culture method as the gold standard of melioidosis diagnosis. Results: The results from Dot ELISA and IHA revealed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.7% (Dot ELISA)/64.3% (IHA), 94.4%/85.5%, and 93.1%/82.5%, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that the Dot ELISA developed is an efficient, simple, rapid and cost-effective technique for the early diagnosis of melioidosis and can be used in a local laboratory without specialized equipment.

scholarly journals Development of Rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vichaya Suttisunhakul ◽  
Vanaporn Wuthiekanun ◽  
Paul J. Brett ◽  
Srisin Khusmith ◽  
Nicholas P. J. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigens ◽  
Immunosorbent Assays

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an environmental bacillus found in northeast Thailand. The mortality rate of melioidosis is ∼40%. An indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) is used as a reference serodiagnostic test; however, it has low specificity in areas where the background seropositivity of healthy people is high. To improve assay specificity and reduce the time for diagnosis, four rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed using two purified polysaccharide antigens (O-polysaccharide [OPS] and 6-deoxyheptan capsular polysaccharide [CPS]) and two crude antigens (whole-cell [WC] antigen and culture filtrate [CF] antigen) ofB. pseudomallei. The ELISAs were evaluated using serum samples from 141 culture-confirmed melioidosis patients from Thailand along with 188 healthy donors from Thailand and 90 healthy donors from the United States as controls. The areas under receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROCC) using Thai controls were high for the OPS-ELISA (0.91), CF-ELISA (0.91), and WC-ELISA (0.90), while those of CPS-ELISA (0.84) and IHA (0.72) were lower. AUROCC values using U.S. controls were comparable to those of the Thai controls for all ELISAs except IHA (0.93). Using a cutoff optical density (OD) of 0.87, the OPS-ELISA had a sensitivity of 71.6% and a specificity of 95.7% for Thai controls; for U.S. controls, specificity was 96.7%. An additional 120 serum samples from tuberculosis, scrub typhus, or leptospirosis patients were evaluated in all ELISAs and resulted in comparable or higher specificities than using Thai healthy donors. Our findings suggest that antigen-specific ELISAs, particularly the OPS-ELISA, may be useful for serodiagnosis of melioidosis in areas where it is endemic and nonendemic.

scholarly journals Comparison of an Improved Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol and the Indirect Hemagglutination Assay in the Detection of Eperythrozoon Suis Infection

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Gwaltney ◽  
Richard D. Oberst
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The ability of an improved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to detect Eperythrozoon suis DNA in the blood of experimentally infected nonsplenectomized pigs was evaluated. The protocol utilizes previously described E. suis-specific primers and a proprietary DNA-releasing reagent in a 2-step amplification cycle followed by visualization of the 492-bp amplification product on agarose gels. This PCR protocol successfully amplified E. suis DNA in blood from all postinfection samples and from the preinfection samples of 2 pigs, indicating preexisting natural infections. Results of the indirect hemagglutination test on serum samples from these pigs revealed that only 1 pig developed detectable antibody titers to E. suis infection during the 43-day study; that pig was determined by PCR to have been infected naturally with E. suis prior to experimental inoculation. These results confirm previous reports of poor antibody response of young pigs to E. suis infection and demonstrate the potential of PCR as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and study of E. suis infection in pigs.

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiological survey of bluetongue disease in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molhima M. Elmahi ◽  
Mohammed O. Hussien ◽  
Abdel Rahim E. Karrar ◽  
Amira M. Elhassan ◽  
Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Abstract Background Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminant and camelid species which is transmitted by Culicoides spp. The causative agent of BT is bluetongue virus (BTV) that belongs to genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The clinical disease is seen mainly in sheep but mostly sub-clinical infections of BT are seen in cattle, goats and camelids. The clinical reaction of camels to infection is usually not apparent. The disease is notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), causing great economic losses due to decreased trade and high mortality and morbidity rates associated with bluetongue outbreaks. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the infection. A cross sectional study using a structured questionnaire survey was conducted during 2015–2016. A total of 210 serum samples were collected randomly from camels from 8 localities of Kassala State. The serum samples were screened for the presence of BTV specific immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results Seropositivity to BTV IgG was detected in 165 of 210 camels’ sera accounting for a prevalence of 78.6%. Potential risk factors to BTV infection were associated with sex (OR = 0.061, p-value = 0.001) and seasonal river as water source for drinking (OR = 32.257, p-value = 0.0108). Conclusions Sex and seasonal river as water source for drinking were considered as potential risk factors for seropositivity to BTV in camels. The high prevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, necessitates further epidemiological studies of BTV infection in camels and other ruminant species to better be able to control BT disease in this region.

scholarly journals Investigation of the rapid immunochromatographic test performance in the diagnosis of syphilis; comparison of four serological methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Agah Terzi ◽  
Ozlem Aydemir ◽  
Engin Karakece ◽  
Huseyin Hatipoglu ◽  
Mehmet Olmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjectivesTo test the performance of the newly available rapid test for syphilis, we compared it with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). Additionally, we investigated the performance of rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) at our laboratory using TPHA as a gold standard.MethodsThe serum samples of 595 patients with the pre-diagnosis of syphilis were studied by four serological methods. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of RPR, CMIA, and syphilis rapid test were assessed by utilizing TPHA as a gold standard for the diagnosis of syphilis.ResultsOf the patients, 6.2% (37/595) had positive RPR, 5.5% (33/595) had positive CMIA, 5.5% (33/595) had a positive rapid immunochromatographic method and 5% (30/595) had positive TPHA. When TPHA results were taken as the reference, the sensitivity of the rapid test for syphilis was 100%, the specificity was 99.5%, PPV was 90.9%, and NPV was 100.0%.ConclusionsIt was observed that the rapid test for syphilis used in the study was quite successful, its cost was appropriate, and the test was very fast and easy to apply. At the same time, the agreement between syphilis rapid test and TPHA was found to be excellent.

scholarly journals Species-Wide Collection of Escherichia coli Isolates for Examination of Genomic Diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanthi Gangiredla ◽  
Mark K. Mammel ◽  
Tammy J. Barnaba ◽  
Carmen Tartera ◽  
Solomon T. Gebru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Pathogenic and nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains present a vast genomic diversity. We report the genome sequences of 2,244 E. coli isolates from multiple animal and environmental sources. Their phylogenetic relationships and potential risk to human health were examined.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of infectious bursal disease and its potential risk factors in backyard chicken production of Waliso district, South Western Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Chala Bedasa ◽  
◽  
Ararsa Duguma ◽  
Asamenew Tesfaye ◽  
Tadele Tolosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Backyard Chicken

A cross sectional study on infectious bursal disease was conducted in apparently healthy backyard chicken at Waliso district of Southwestern Shoa, central oromia, Ethiopia from from November, 2018 to October, 2019. A total of 282 chickens were randomly selected to estimate seroprevalence of IBD infection and to identify the likely potential risk factors for the disease. Serum samples collected and serological test conducted in laboratory at National Animal Health Diagnosis and Investigation Center Sebeta, Ethopia. Out of 282 serum samples tested 224 were positive for indirect ELISA technique and the overall seroprevalence of IBDV in the study area was found to be 79.43% at individual level. Educational level of owners, kebeles and flock size significantly affect seroprevalence of IBD in the study area. The effect of difference in managements like source of replacement, frequency of house cleaning, use of disinfectant and isolation practice has a significant effect on IBDV sero-prevalence. A lower seroprevalence of IBDV was reported in good hygienic level of house (26.7%) than poor level of chicken house hygiene (96.4%) with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The seroprevalence of IBDV in the present study associated with chicken management, flock size, owner education level and other animal related risk factors for occurrence of the disease. Therefore, awareness on chicken health management, and importance of immunization would help to minimize the prevalence of the disease and play crucial role in the control of the disease. Furthermore, characterizing virus strains circulating in the area in future study is recommended.

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