scholarly journals Insulin resistance is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in elderly adults with T2DM

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Hongjun Zhao ◽  
Chenglong Wu ◽  
Xiaoping Zhang ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Jianhong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Moca Score

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of insulin resistance (IR) in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsSeventy-eight patients with T2DM were recruited and divided into MCI group (<26, n=48) and normal group (≥26, n=30) according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, and fasting plasma C-peptide (FPC) were examined and compared between the two groups. The Pancreatic islets function (HOMA-islet) and Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) were also calculated for the two groups. Using the HOMA-IR and HOMA-islet as the reference, the predicted values for MCI in T2DM patients were calculated by sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe MoCA scores were statistically different between the MCI and control groups (23.79±1.15 vs 28.50±1.01, p<0.05). The serum FPG and FPC were 10.38±2.36 mmol/L and 0.79±0.34 ng/mL in the MCI group which were significant different from those of the control group (8.96±2.55 mmol/L and 1.04±0.38 ng/mL; p<0.05). The HOMA-IR and HOMA-islet were 10.08±2.64 and 94.67±29.12 for the MCI group and 8.16±2.46 and 130.30±38.43 for the control group; both were statistically different (p<0.05). The serum HbA1c was 11.02±2.59% and 9.37±2.00% for the MCI and control groups (significantly different with p<0.5). A significant positive correlation was found between MoCA score and HOMA-islet (rpearson=0.44; p<0.001). A significant negative correlation existed between MoCA score and serum HbA1c (r=-0.25; p=0.03). The areas under the ROC curve were 0.70 (0.57~0.82), 0.69 (0.57~0.81), 0.69 (0.57~0.80), 0.72 (0.60~0.84), 0.72 (0.60~0.84) and 0.76 (0.65~0.88) respectively for FPG, FPC, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and HOMA-islet.ConclusionInsulin resistance is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment and can be a biomarker for prediction of MCI in patients with T2DM.

MMP-3-1612 polymorphism - a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis formation

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
La-Mei Yu ◽  
Nai-Xuan Li ◽  
Yu-Guo Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Background: We investigated the association of the 5A/6A polymorphism in the promoter region at -1612 of the matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene (MMP-3-1612) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Patients, materials and methods: The distribution of the MMP-3 (-1612 5A/6A) polymorphism in the case and control groups was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Serum MMP-3 level of two groups was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HepG2 cells containing MMP-3-1612 recombinant plasmid were cultured in vitro and the MMP-3 level was defined by luminescence intensity of luciferase. A DVT rat model was built. Serum MMP-3 level in the rats’ wounded vein at different time points was detected by ELISA and recorded for investigation of the association between MMP-3 and DVT. Statistical data analysis was conducted with SPSS18.0. Results: On the basis of the observation of MMP-3-1612 genotype frequency and allele frequency in the case and control groups, we identified significantly higher MMP-3-1612 5A allele frequency and higher serum MMP-3 level in the case group than in the control group (both P < 0.05). According to in vitro luciferase measurements, the 5A allele had higher transcriptional activity than the 6A allele. As observed in the rat model, serum MMP-3 level increased with time passing and thrombosis formation after modelling. Conclusions: The MMP-3-1612 5A/6A polymorphism may effect serum MMP-3 level and over-expression of serum MMP-3 level may be a risk factor for DVT formation.

International Ballroom Dancing Against Neurodegeneration: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Greek Community-Dwelling Elders With Mild Cognitive impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioulietta Lazarou ◽  
Themis Parastatidis ◽  
Anthoula Tsolaki ◽  
Mara Gkioka ◽  
Anastasios Karakostas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Control

Background: Many studies have highlighted the positive effects of dance in people with neurodegenerative diseases. Objectives: To explore the effects of International Ballroom Dancing on cognitive function in elders with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: One-hundred twenty-nine elderly patients with aMCI diagnosis (mean age 66.8 ± 10.1 years) were randomly assigned into 2 groups: intervention group (IG, n = 66) and control group (CG, n = 63). The IG exercised systematically for 10 months, and both groups were submitted to extensive neuropsychological assessment prior and after the 10-month period. Results: According to the independent sample t test at the follow-up, significant differences between groups were found in benefit of the IG while the CG showed worse performance in the majority of neuropsychological tests. According to the Student t test, better performance is detected in IG in contrast with CG, which had worse performance almost in all scales. Conclusion: Dance may be an important nonpharmacological approach that can benefit cognitive functions.

Myocardial insulin resistance associated with chronic hypertriglyceridemia and increased FFA levels in Type 2 diabetic patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. H1225-H1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilla D. Monti ◽  
Claudio Landoni ◽  
Emanuela Setola ◽  
Elena Galluccio ◽  
Pietro Lucotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Myocardial Insulin Resistance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

We evaluated the influence of chronic hypertriglyceridemia and endothelial dysfunction on myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) in Type 2 diabetic patients without coronary heart disease. Patients were divided into two groups according to fasting triglyceride (TG) levels: 5.4 ± 1.1 and 1.5 ± 0.3 mmol/l for high- and normal-TG groups, respectively. Five subjects were assigned to the high-TG group and 11 to the normal-TG group. Age, gender, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were similar in the two groups, whereas free fatty acid (FFA) levels were higher in the high-TG group basally and at the end of the clamp. Furthermore, five healthy subjects were subjected to the same protocol and used as the control group. MGU was assessed by using 18F-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose under hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic conditions. Basal endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels were significantly higher in the high-TG group than in the normal-TG and control groups, and cGMP and maximal postischemic vasodilation were significantly decreased in the high-TG group compared with the normal-TG and control groups. However, significant alterations were found in the same parameters in the normal-TG group compared with the control group. By the end of the hyperglycemic clamp, in the high-TG group, MGU was ∼40 and 65% of that in the normal-TG and control groups. MGU negatively correlated with TG, FFA, and endothelin-1, whereas a positive correlation was found with cGMP and maximal postischemic vasodilation. In conclusion, increased TG and FFA levels are risks, in addition to Type 2 diabetes mellitus, for myocardial insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and alteration of nitric oxide/cGMP levels.

scholarly journals Study on Adjuvant Medication for Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on VR Technology and Health Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Huiling Liu ◽  
Xiaona Yang ◽  
Xinkun Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Xusheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Moca Score

In order to improve the efficiency of auxiliary medication for patients with mild cognitive impairment, this paper proposes a method based on VR technology and health education. Sixty elderly patients with COPD and MCI admitted to a hospital from January 2019 to February 2020 were randomly divided into a control group and study group, with 50 cases in each group. On the basis of conventional drug therapy, health education, and respiratory muscle training, patients in the control group received routine lung rehabilitation training, while patients in the study group received lung rehabilitation training using the BioMaster virtual scene interactive rehabilitation training system. Both groups continued training for 12 weeks. Lung function indexes, 6-minute walking distance, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA) score were compared between the 2 groups before training and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after training. The experimental results show that, in the study group, the percentage of FEV1 in the predicted value at 8 weeks after training, the percentage of FEV1 in the predicted value at 12 weeks after training, and FEV1/FVC were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in 6-minute walking distance, CAT score, and MoCA score between the two groups before training ( P > 0.05 ). Twelve weeks after training, patients in the study group had a longer 6-minute walking distance, a lower CAT score, and a higher MoCA score than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). It is proved that the application of virtual reality technology in lung rehabilitation training of elderly COPD patients with MCI is effective, which can effectively improve the lung function, cognitive function, and exercise tolerance of the patients and reduce the symptoms of dyspnea and the efficiency of medication.

scholarly journals MO354PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF RIVASTIGMINE EFFICACY IN CKD RELATED MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Mone ◽  
Antonella Pansini ◽  
Giovambattista Capasso ◽  
Davide Viggiano
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Moca Score

Abstract Background and Aims Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a common finding in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Indeed, CKD represents a relevant risk factor for developing dementia and MCI. Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as rivastigmine, are among the few drugs approved for the treatment of dementia and MCI. Rivastigmine is also used to treat vascular dementia because it protects subcortical brain structures. Data are scanty regarding the use of rivastigmine in CKD patients with MCI and are much needed to guide the therapy for MCI in this cohort of patients. Method This retrospective case-control study compared the effects of rivastigmine on cognitive functions in MCI patients with CKD (stage III-IV; n= 20) and without CKD (n=21, control group), comparable for the extent of cognitive impairment (indexed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA), age (range 18-65 years), gender, weight, and comorbidities. Patients under treatment with rivastigmine and with a baseline MoCA score available were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were ictus, psychiatric or other neurological conditions, heart failure, liver failure, severe obesity, anemia, electrolyte disorders, cancer, dialysis, and other severe comorbidities. Laboratory test data (glycemia, cholesterol, hemoglobin, proteinuria, creatinine) were used to characterize the two populations. MCI was defined as a MoCA score between 21-26. The cognitive screening was available at baseline (before treatment) and during a follow-up in a range of three-six months after the start of the treatment. CKD was defined by eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Results The follow-up timing for cognitive screening was not statistically different between the two cohorts. The control group (MCI without CKD) showed a small, significant improvement in the MoCA score after treatment (baseline MoCA: 22.9±0.5, follow-up MoCA: 23.5±0.5, p=0.02, t-test for paired data). At variance, the MCI-CKD group showed a significant improvement in the MoCA score (baseline MoCA=23±0.4, follow-up MoCA=24.3±0.4, p&lt;0.05). Accordingly, the extent of improvement of MoCA score after rivastigmine was inversely correlated to the eGFR (r = -0.23). Conclusion A significant improvement in MoCA score accompanied treatment with rivastigmine in the CKD group. More extensive population studies are needed to verify the greater efficacy of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in this population.

scholarly journals Cortical Source Multivariate EEG Synchronization Analysis on Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Cui ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Zhijie Bian ◽  
Qiuli Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
And Control

Is synchronization altered in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and normal cognitive functions subjects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? Resting eye-closed EEG data were recorded in 8 aMCI subjects and 11 age-matched controls in T2DM. Three multivariate synchronization algorithms (S-estimator (S), synchronization index (SI), and global synchronization index (GSI)) were used to measure the synchronization in five ROIs of sLORETA sources for seven bands. Results showed that aMCI group had lower synchronization values than control groups in parietal delta and beta2 bands, temporal delta and beta2 bands, and occipital theta and beta2 bands significantly. Temporal (r=0.629;P=0.004) and occipital (r=0.648;P=0.003) thetaSvalues were significantly positive correlated with Boston Name Testing. In sum, each of methods reflected that the cortical source synchronization was significantly different between aMCI and control group, and these difference correlated with cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hearing impairment in patients with mild cognitive impairment

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo da Costa Lopes ◽  
Regina Miksian Magaldi ◽  
Mara Edwirges Rocha Gândara ◽  
Ana Carolina de Barros Reis ◽  
Wilson Jacob-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
And Control

Abstract The correlation between hearing and cognition is well established in dementia, but not in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: The aim of the present study was to define the prevalence of hearing impairment in elderly patients with MCI and in controls. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with MCI and 24 control subjects were analyzed. We evaluated memory and hearing impairments through clinical tests, including the Mini Mental Status Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening (HHIE-S). Audiometries were performed in 22 patients with MCI and 19 subjects in a control group. Results: MCI patients showed more hearing complaints (68.9%) compared to the control group (25%) (p=0.001). No differences in the intensity of hearing complaints, measured by the HHIE-S, were detected. Nonetheless, differences between mean hearing threshold (MCI group=23.4±11.3 dB and control group=16.0±10.1dB) (p=0.03) were identified. Conclusions: There is a significant association between MCI and hearing impairment. Hearing impairment in MCI patients may be a contributory factor to cognitive decline. This may however be related to the same neuropathological process, due to lesions of cortical areas related to hearing. The early diagnosis of hearing impairment in MCI patients may offer a more appropriate approach to this disease.

scholarly journals Association of Hearing Loss With Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Guifeng Zhao ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are responsible for at least 20 % of diagnosed cases of dementia. It has been established that hearing loss is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. In this study, the association between hearing impairment and AD/VaD was determined in patients, as well as the characteristics of hearing loss in the two types of dementia.Methods: 70 participants comprising 30 subjects in control group, 20 patients in AD group, and 20 patients in VaD group, were recruited and assessed with respect to pure-tone audiometric test for peripheral auditory system. On admission, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking habits, diabetes, stroke, family history, as well as levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. Hearing loss results and other clinical indexes were analyzed, and their correlations with severity of dementia were determined.Results: Degree of hearing impairment and HbA1c level differed significantly between the AD and control groups. However, only age and degree of hearing impairment were positively correlated with grades of cognitive impairment in AD and control groups. Body mass index (BMI) and smoking history; HbA1c level, grades of cognitive impairment, and degree of hearing impairment, as well as related cognitive impairment, differed significantly between VaD and control groups. Results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the degree of hearing impairment could be a predictor for grades of cognitive impairment in AD and VaD. Moreover, the degree of hearing loss in full band hearing was significantly higher in VaD group than in AD group.Conclusion: Hearing loss may be a potential risk factor for cognitive impairment in AD and VaD, two major types of dementia with different clinical characteristics. The clinical features of hearing loss in the two types dementia might be helpful in their diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Dense Breast is an Independent Breast Cancer Risk Factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alikhassi A ◽  
◽  
Shariatalavi R ◽  
Moradi B ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cancer Risk Factor ◽  
And Control

Objectives: There are multiple known breast cancer risk factors, but most women with breast cancer do not have any of them, so there should be some other unknown risk factors. We hypothesized that asymmetric breast densities could be another breast cancer risk factor. Method: In this study, we defined two case and control groups with 136 women with breast cancer and 136 who did not have breast cancer, respectively. Any different type of asymmetry in either breast was recorded in both groups. Result: The frequency of focal asymmetry in cases was 47 (34.6%), which was statistically more significant than in the control group (28 (20.6%)) (p=0.010). There were three (2.9%) and five (3.7%) global asymmetries in the case and control groups, respectively (p=0.735). The frequency of one view asymmetry in the case and control groups was not significant (16 (11.8%) and 9 (6.6%) respectively) (p=0.142). In the case group, 59 (43.4%) women had at least one type of asymmetry, compared to 41 (30.1%) in the control group (p=0.02). We identify focal asymmetries (likelihood ratio, 1.215; p=0.027) is risk factors for breast cancer. Conclusion: Breast density asymmetry is a breast cancer risk factor that could be scored, thus enhancing risk stratification for screening and prevention.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

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