scholarly journals Semi-Intrinsic Luminescence in Marine Organisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Mirza ◽  
Yuichi Oba
Keyword(s):  
Light Emission ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Intrinsic Luminescence ◽  
Metridia Pacifica

Light emission is widespread in the oceans, with over three quarters of all observed marine species exhibiting bioluminescence. Several organisms such as the copepod Metridia pacifica and the ostracod Vargula hilgendorfii have been proven to synthesise their luciferin and luciferase to facilitate light emission. However, many luminescent species lack the capability to do this and instead it is possible that they acquire some of the components for their luminescence through predation or filter feeding on organisms that produce luciferins or precursors to these molecules. This has resulted in many organisms using certain luciferins, such as coelenterazine, as their substrate without possessing a clear mechanism to synthesise these. This chapter will review several examples of these semi-intrinsic luminescent systems and how the substrates and enzymes can be obtained for these reactions. Moreover, it will look at why particular luciferins, such as coelenterazine, are more widespread and utilised in this manner compared to other substrates.

Effect of caffeine on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of marine macroalgae

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ira Gray ◽  
Lindsay A. Green-Gavrielidis ◽  
Carol Thornber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Caffeine is present in coastal environments worldwide and there is a need to assess its impact on marine organisms. Here, we exposed two species of ecologically important marine macroalgae (Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile subsp. fragile) to a suite of caffeine concentrations and measured their response. Caffeine concentrations of 10–100 ng L−1 had no significant effect on the growth rate or photosynthetic efficiency of either algae. Extremely high concentrations (100–200 mg L−1), which may occur acutely, produced sublethal effects for both species and mortality in C. fragile subsp. fragile. Our results highlight the need to understand how caffeine impacts marine species.

scholarly journals Marine Natural Products from the Yucatan Peninsula

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawrin Pech-Puch ◽  
Mar Pérez-Povedano ◽  
Oscar A. Lenis-Rojas ◽  
Jaime Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Mexico is one of the three areas of the world with the greatest terrestrial and cultural biological diversity. The diversity of Mexican medicinal flora has been studied for a long time and several bioactive compounds have been isolated. The investigation of marine resources, and particularly the potential of Mexican marine resources, has not been intensively investigated, even though the Yucatan Peninsula occupies 17.4% of the total of the Mexican coast, with great biological diversity in its coasts and the ocean. There are very few studies on the chemistry of natural products from marine organisms that were collected along the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula and most of them are limited to the evaluation of the biological activity of their organic extracts. The investigations carried out on marine species from the Yucatan Peninsula resulted in the identification of a wide structural variety of natural products that include polyketides, terpenoids, nitrogen compounds, and biopolymers with cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifouling, and neurotoxic activities. This review describes the literature of bioprospecting and the exploration of the natural product diversity of marine organisms from the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula up to mid-2019.

Ecotoxicity of polyethylene nanoplastics from the North Atlantic oceanic gyre on freshwater and marine organisms (microalgae and filter-feeding bivalves)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 3746-3755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magalie Baudrimont ◽  
Adeline Arini ◽  
Claire Guégan ◽  
Zélie Venel ◽  
Julien Gigault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

scholarly journals The Role of Temperature on the Impact of Remediated Water towards Marine Organisms

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2148
Author(s):  
Francesca Coppola ◽  
Ana Bessa ◽  
Bruno Henriques ◽  
Tania Russo ◽  
Amadeu M. V. M. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
The Impact

Marine organisms are frequently exposed to pollutants, including trace metals, derived from natural and anthropogenic activities. In order to prevent environmental pollution, different approaches have been applied to remove pollutants from waste water and avoid their discharge into aquatic systems. However, organisms in their natural aquatic environments are also exposed to physico-chemical changes derived from climate change-related factors, including temperature increase. According to recent studies, warming has a negative impact on marine wildlife, with known effects on organisms physiological and biochemical performance. Recently, a material based on graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) proved to be effective in the remediation of mercury (Hg) contaminated water. Nevertheless, no information is available on the toxic impacts of such remediated water towards aquatic systems, neither under actual nor predicted temperature conditions. For this, the present study assessed the toxicity of seawater, previously contaminated with Hg and remediated by GO-PEI, using the clam species Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to actual and a predicted temperature conditions. The results obtained demonstrated that seawater contaminated with Hg and/or Hg+GO-PEI induced higher toxicity in clams exposed to 17 and 22 °C compared to organisms exposed to remediated seawater at the same temperatures. Moreover, similar histological and biochemical results were observed between organisms exposed to control and remediated seawater, independently of the temperatures (17 and 21 °C), highlighting the potential use of GO-PEI to remediate Hg from seawater without significant toxicity issues to the selected marine species.

A new name for Dendronephthya kukenthali Gravier, 1908 (Octocorallia, Nephtheidae): Dendronephthya perezi nom. n.

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4508 (4) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
RALF T. S. CORDEIRO ◽  
LEEN P. VAN OFWEGEN
Keyword(s):  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
New Name ◽  
Comprehensive Database ◽  
Taxonomic Information ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
The World

The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is an online resource, which provides the most comprehensive database of scientific names of marine organisms (WoRMS, 2018). WoRMS is regularly retrieved by multidisciplinary researchers around the globe, regarded as a source of reliable taxonomic information. The database is continuously improved by taxonomic experts, which frequently have to address issues raised by users and other editors (Costello et al., 2013). This study is a result of one of these exchanges of knowledge stimulated by WoRMS. 

scholarly journals Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels and its Correlation to Size of Marine Organisms Harvested from a War-Induced Oil Spill Zone of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
E.K. BARBOUR ◽  
A.H. SABRA ◽  
H.A. SHAIB ◽  
A.M. BERCKLEY ◽  
N.S. FARAJALLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Siganus Rivulatus

This is the first work establishing a base-line data of the level of total Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) contaminants in selected marine organisms (Siganus rivulatus, Mullet spp., and oysters) and its relationship to organism size and the harvest distance from the oil spill source. Six locations across the Lebanese Mediterranean were included for sampling. Oysters and the two fish types were collected after 72 days of the spill. The length, maximum width, and whole weight of individual organisms were recorded. Methanol extracts of the samples were analyzed for total PCB using a Competitive Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) based Spectrophotometry.All means of PCB in the three selected marine organisms were below the guidance level set by USFDA (2 ppm). A total of 6 significant regression equations were established between the total PCB level and certain size dimensions of specific selected marine species, with values of R2 ranging between 0.719 – 0.909 and P values ranging from 0.038 – 0.099.In addition, the total PCB level in Siganus rivulatus correlated with the harvest distance north of the oil spill source, signifying a drop in total PCB level with an increase in harvest distance from the oil spill source.

scholarly journals Experimental assessments of marine species sensitivities to ocean acidification and co-stressors: how far have we come?

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Marine Climate

Experimental studies assessing the potential impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms have rapidly expanded and produced a wealth of empirical data over the past decade. This perspective examines four key areas of transformative developments in experimental approaches: (1) methodological advances; (2) advances in elucidating physiological and molecular mechanisms behind observed CO2effects; (3) recognition of short-term CO2variability as a likely modifier of species sensitivities (Ocean Variability Hypothesis); and (4) consensus on the multistressor nature of marine climate change where effect interactions are still challenging to anticipate. No single experiment allows predicting the fate of future populations. But sustaining the accumulation of empirical evidence is critical for more robust estimates of species reaction norms and thus for enabling better modeling approaches. Moreover, advanced experimental approaches are needed to address knowledge gaps including changes in species interactions and intraspecific variability in sensitivity and its importance for the adaptation potential of marine organisms to a high CO2world.

Cold adaptation in marine organisms

1990 ◽  
Vol 326 (1237) ◽  
pp. 655-667 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Fluid Compartments

Animals from polar seas exhibit numerous so called resistance adaptations that serve to maintain homeostasis at low temperature and prevent lethal freezing injury. Specialization to temperatures at or below 0 °C is associated with an inability to survive at temperatures above 3-8 °C. Polar fish synthesize various types of glycoproteins or peptides to lower the freezing point of most extracellular fluid compartments in a non-colligative manner. Antifreeze production is seasonal in boreal species and is often initiated by environmental cues other than low temperature, particularly short day lengths. Most of the adaptations that enable intertidal invertebrates to survive freezing are associated with their ability to withstand ariel exposure. Unique adaptations for freezing avoidance include the synthesis of low molecular mass ice-nucleating proteins that control and induce extracellular ice-formation. Marine poikilotherms also exhibit a range of capacity adaptations that increase the rate of some physiological processes so as to partially compensate for the effects of low temperature. However, the rate of embryonic development in a diverse range of marine organisms shows no evidence of temperature compensation. This results in a significant lengthening of the time from fertilization to hatching in polar, relative to temperate, species. Some aspects of the physiology of polar marine species, such as low metabolic and slow growth rates, probably result from a combination of low temperature and other factors such as the highly seasonal nature of food supplies. Although neuromuscular function shows a partial capacity adaptation in Antarctic fish, maximum swimming speeds are lower than for temperate and tropical species, particularly for early stages in the life history.

scholarly journals Transgenerational plasticity responses of oysters to ocean acidification differ with habitat

2021 ◽  
pp. jeb.239269
Author(s):  
Laura M. Parker ◽  
Elliot Scanes ◽  
Wayne A. O'Connor ◽  
Pauline M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Intertidal Habitat ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
Saccostrea Glomerata ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
Metabolic Carbon

Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) has been identified as a critical mechanism of acclimation which may buffer marine organisms against climate change, yet whether the TGP response of marine organisms is altered depending on their habitat is unknown. Many marine organisms are found in intertidal zones where they experience episodes of emersion daily as the tide rises and recedes. During episodes of emersion, the accumulation of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) leads to hypercapnia for many species. How this metabolic hypercapnia impacts the TGP response of marine organisms to climate change is unknown as all previous transgenerational studies have been done under subtidal conditions, where parents are constantly immersed. Herein, we assess the capacity of the ecologically and economically important oyster, Saccostrea glomerata to acclimate to elevated CO2 dependent on habitat, across its vertical distribution, from the subtidal to intertidal zone. Tidal habitat altered both the existing tolerance and transgenerational response of S. glomerata to elevated CO2. Overall, larvae from parents conditioned in an intertidal habitat had a greater existing tolerance to elevated CO2 than larvae from parents conditioned in a subtidal habitat but had a lower capacity for beneficial TGP following parental exposure to elevated CO2. Our results suggest that the transgenerational plasticity responses of marine species will not be uniform across their distribution and highlights the need to consider the habitat of a species when assessing TGP responses to climate change stressors.

scholarly journals Nano-Scale Plastic Pollution in the Marine Species: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Chung-Sum Lam
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Adverse Impacts

The long-term properties of plastic have been causing persistent marine pollution for decades. The adverse impacts have been found in marine organisms worldwide. Currently, their degraded products-microplastics and nanoplastics-represent emerging plastic issues. Microplastic pollution has drawn attentions in many research fields and the general public. Many types of literature have documented their adverse impacts, distribution, and origins. Hence, many review studies have been conducted on microplastics rather than nanoplastics. Therefore, this review is focused on nanoplastic contamination in marine ecosystems, their origins, distributions, fate, and impacts on marine organisms. This review paper provides an overall picture of nanoplastic pollution on a global scale. The impacts of nanoplastic on marine organisms gene expression at the cellular and tissue levels are evaluated. Moreover, the adverse effects of nanoplastics on the embryonic stages, growth, and mortality of marine species are also discussed. The present review also gathers information to generate future research perspectives, and aims to highlight the need for researching on nanoplastics in the aquatic environment while providing critical perspectives for setting future research objectives.

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