Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale

AbstractThis paper discusses the effect of the utilization of Bacillus megaterium in the microbial solubilization process where poultry bones or ash were used as a source of renewable phosphorus. The process was performed in a large scale laboratory. The pH of the solution decreased during one-week solubilization, which had a direct influence on the increased concentration of phosphorus determined in the solution. It was proved that the phosphorus concentration in the solution was significantly correlated with the biomass concentration and pH. The trial allowed verification of the suitability of the method to prepare two P fertilizers: one based on poultry bones and one on ashes. The elemental analysis of their composition suggests that the bones are a P-bearing resource with properties better than ash. That enables for more efficient scaling-up the solubilization although the concentration of total phosphorus was comparable in both cases. The total amount (100%) of phosphorus was present in a form available to plants in the formulation based on the poultry bones, while 64% of plant available phosphorus was present in the formulation based on the ash. The concentration of Cd was significantly lower in the case of fertilizer based on bones with respect to ash.

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PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BIG BOOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PECAHAN SENILAI SISWA SD

Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah ◽

10.36762/litbangjateng.v16i1.751 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

Disyacitta Neolia Firdana ◽

Trimurtini Trimurtini

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fourth Grade ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Equivalent Fractions ◽

Fourth Grade Students ◽

Teacher Needs ◽

The Media ◽

Test Result ◽

Better Than

This research aimed to determine the properness and effectiveness of the big book media on learning equivalent fractions of fourth grade students. The method of research is Research and Development (R&D). This study was conducted in fourth grade of SDN Karanganyar 02 Kota Semarang. Data sources from media validation, material validation, learning outcomes, and teacher and students responses on developed media. Pre-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest design. Big book developed consist of equivalent fractions material, students learning activities sheets with rectangle and circle shape pictures, and questions about equivalent fractions. Big book was developed based on students and teacher needs. This big book fulfill the media validity of 3,75 with very good criteria and scored 3 by material experts with good criteria. In large-scale trial, the result of students posttest have learning outcomes completness 82,14%. The result of N-gain calculation with result 0,55 indicates the criterion “medium”. The t-test result 9,6320 > 2,0484 which means the average of posttest outcomes is better than the average of pretest outcomes. Based on that data, this study has produced big book media which proper and effective as a media of learning equivalent fractions of fourth grade elementary school.

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Efficiency of Recycled Biogas Digestates as Phosphorus Fertilizers for Maize

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 553

Author(s):

Inga-Mareike Bach ◽

Lisa Essich ◽

Torsten Müller

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽

Future Supply ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Phosphorus Recycling ◽

Fertilizing Effect

Despite phosphorus resources on Earth being limited, over fertilization in many agricultural situations causes significant resource consumption. Phosphorus-recycling within agricultural production can reduce global dilution into the environment and is thus essential to secure sustainable future supply. This study investigated the fertilization efficacy of phosphorus fertilizers recycled from biogas digestates in maize shoots grown under controlled greenhouse conditions, in two soils, in a pot experiment. Variables investigated were plant-available phosphorus in soil, plant biomass production, and concentration of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium in shoots. Soils were treated with three different fertilizer fractions, separated from biogas digestates, at equivalent phosphorus concentrations, using different combinations and application techniques, isolated or in combination, and compared to triple superphosphate (TSP) as a reference. One of the fractions (P-Salt) had effects on biomass production and plant phosphorus concentration equivalent to TSP in agricultural surface soil. In the second soil (with less active soil life and nutrient content), equivalence to TSP was achieved with combinations of two recycled fractions (P-Salt and dried solids). The enhancement of the phosphorus fertilizing effect by the solids was synergistic, indicating that the solids had a soil conditioning effect. The results show that biogas digestates are a valuable source for phosphorus recycling of fractions that have equivalent or even superior fertilizing properties compared to TSP.

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Assessment of Numerical Methods for Plunging Breaking Wave Predictions

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9030264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

Shanti Bhushan ◽

Oumnia El Fajri ◽

Graham Hubbard ◽

Bradley Chambers ◽

Christopher Kees

Keyword(s):

Solitary Wave ◽

Wave Breaking ◽

Large Scale ◽

Turbulence Models ◽

Navier Stokes ◽

Wave Crest ◽

Breaking Wave ◽

Rans Turbulence Models ◽

Run Up ◽

Better Than

This study evaluates the capability of Navier–Stokes solvers in predicting forward and backward plunging breaking, including assessment of the effect of grid resolution, turbulence model, and VoF, CLSVoF interface models on predictions. For this purpose, 2D simulations are performed for four test cases: dam break, solitary wave run up on a slope, flow over a submerged bump, and solitary wave over a submerged rectangular obstacle. Plunging wave breaking involves high wave crest, plunger formation, and splash up, followed by second plunger, and chaotic water motions. Coarser grids reasonably predict the wave breaking features, but finer grids are required for accurate prediction of the splash up events. However, instabilities are triggered at the air–water interface (primarily for the air flow) on very fine grids, which induces surface peel-off or kinks and roll-up of the plunger tips. Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models result in high eddy-viscosity in the air–water region which decays the fluid momentum and adversely affects the predictions. Both VoF and CLSVoF methods predict the large-scale plunging breaking characteristics well; however, they vary in the prediction of the finer details. The CLSVoF solver predicts the splash-up event and secondary plunger better than the VoF solver; however, the latter predicts the plunger shape better than the former for the solitary wave run-up on a slope case.

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SPAN512: A new mid-latitude pulsar survey with the Nançay Radio Telescope

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921312024179 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (S291) ◽

pp. 375-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gregory Desvignes ◽

Ismaël Cognard ◽

David Champion ◽

Patrick Lazarus ◽

Patrice Lespagnol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radio Telescope ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Time ◽

Frequency Resolution ◽

Integration Time ◽

Sensitivity Limit ◽

Long Period ◽

Large Bandwidth ◽

L Band ◽

Better Than

AbstractWe present an ongoing survey with the Nançay Radio Telescope at L-band. The targeted area is 74° ≲ l < 150° and 3.5° < |b| < 5°. This survey is characterized by a long integration time (18 min), large bandwidth (512 MHz) and high time and frequency resolution (64 μs and 0.5 MHz) giving a nominal sensitivity limit of 0.055 mJy for long period pulsars. This is about 2 times better than the mid-latitude HTRU survey, and is designed to be complementary with current large scale surveys. This survey will be more sensitive to transients (RRATs, intermittent pulsars), distant and faint millisecond pulsars as well as scintillating sources (or any other kind of radio faint sources) than all previous short-integration surveys.

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A networked voting rule for democratic representation

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.172265 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 172265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexis R. Hernández ◽

Carlos Gracia-Lázaro ◽

Edgardo Brigatti ◽

Yamir Moreno

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Selection Process ◽

General Relation ◽

Community Size ◽

Rule Based ◽

Voting Rule ◽

Large Populations ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Connectivity ◽

Better Than

We introduce a general framework for exploring the problem of selecting a committee of representatives with the aim of studying a networked voting rule based on a decentralized large-scale platform, which can assure a strong accountability of the elected. The results of our simulations suggest that this algorithm-based approach is able to obtain a high representativeness for relatively small committees, performing even better than a classical voting rule based on a closed list of candidates. We show that a general relation between committee size and representatives exists in the form of an inverse square root law and that the normalized committee size approximately scales with the inverse of the community size, allowing the scalability to very large populations. These findings are not strongly influenced by the different networks used to describe the individuals’ interactions, except for the presence of few individuals with very high connectivity which can have a marginal negative effect in the committee selection process.

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Paper-based inoculum of Bacillus megaterium and its practical application for simple culture preparation

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.248 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 195-204

Author(s):

Mana Kanjanamaneesathian ◽

Wasunan Nimanong

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Bacillus Megaterium ◽

Large Scale ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Damping Off ◽

Bacterial Endospores ◽

Yardlong Bean ◽

Bacterium Bacillus ◽

Filter Papers

The bacterium Bacillus megaterium can be used to biologically control sheath blight and grain discoloration in rice. Large-scale inoculations using liquid cultures are cumbersome so the efficacy of an alternative, paper-based system was examined. Bacterial endospores were embedded on filter papers and multiplied using a simple culture technique. The resulting suspension was used to pre-soak yardlong bean and cucumber seeds before sowing to assess its effect on seed germination and weight. The efficacy of the bacterium in protecting cucumber seeds from pre-emergent damping-off was also examined. The population of bacteria embedded in paper declined initially but remained stable for 150 days at room temperature. Bacterial culture reduced seed germination of cucumber and seedling weight of yardlong beans. Dilution with water either increased or reduced germination of cucumber seeds depending on concentration. A 1:10 v/v dilution increased cucumber-seed germination in a pre-emergent damping-off pot test but all seedlings later died, irrespective of treatment. Paper-based inoculum has the potential to replace liquid inoculum but further work is required to optimise the concentrations of the bacterial culture to achieve disease control without adversely affecting the host plant.

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Design and Demonstration of Large Scale Cu2O Photocathodes with Metal Grid Structure for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7422

Author(s):

Min-Kyu Son

Keyword(s):

Water Splitting ◽

Large Scale ◽

Grid Structure ◽

Large Area ◽

Intrinsic Conductivity ◽

Metal Grid ◽

Splitting System ◽

Insight Into ◽

Better Than

Upscaling of photoelectrode for a practical photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting system is still challenging because the PEC performance of large-scale photoelectrode is significantly low, compared to the lab scale photoelectrode. In an effort to overcome this challenge, sputtered gold (Au) and copper (Cu) grid lines were introduced to improve the PEC performance of large-scale cuprous oxide (Cu2O) photocathode in this work. It was demonstrated that Cu grid lines are more effective than Au grid lines to improve the PEC performance of large-scale Cu2O photocathode because its intrinsic conductivity and quality of grid lines are better than ones containing Au grid lines. As a result, the PEC performance of a 25-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was almost double than one without grid lines, resulting in an improved charge transport in the large area substrate by Cu grid lines. Finally, a 50-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was tested in an outdoor condition under natural sun. This is the first outdoor PEC demonstration of large-scale Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines, which gives insight into the development of efficient upscaled PEC photoelectrode.

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Estimating extreme river discharges in Europe through a Bayesian Network

10.5194/hess-2016-250 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Dominik Paprotny ◽

Oswaldo Morales Nápoles

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Graphical Model ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Physical Models ◽

Method Performance ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Dependency Structure ◽

Spatial Coverage ◽

Geographical Characteristics ◽

Better Than

Abstract. Large-scale hydrological modelling of flood hazard requires adequate extreme discharge data. Models based on physics are applied alongside those utilizing only statistical analysis. The former requires enormous computation power, while the latter are most limited in accuracy and spatial coverage. In this paper we introduce an alternate, statistical approach based on Bayesian Networks (BN), a graphical model for dependent random variables. We use a non-parametric BN to describe the joint distribution of extreme discharges in European rivers and variables describing the geographical characteristics of their catchments. Data on annual maxima of daily discharges from more than 1800 river gauge stations were collected, together with information on terrain, land use and climate of catchments that drain to those locations. The (conditional) correlations between the variables are modelled through copulas, with the dependency structure defined in the network. The results show that using this method, mean annual maxima and return periods of discharges could be estimated with an accuracy similar to existing studies using physical models for Europe, and better than a comparable global statistical method. Performance of the model varies slightly between regions of Europe, but is consistent between different time periods, and is not affected by a split-sample validation. The BN was applied to a large domain covering all sizes of rivers in the continent, both for present and future climate, showing large variation in influence of climate change on river discharges, as well as large differences between emission scenarios. The method could be used to provide quick estimates of extreme discharges at any location for the purpose of obtaining input information for hydraulic modelling.

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Results from the implementation of the elastic viscous plastic sea ice rheology in HadCM3

Ocean Science Discussions ◽

10.5194/osd-3-777-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 777-803

Author(s):

W. Connolley ◽

A. Keen ◽

A. McLaren

Keyword(s):

Sea Ice ◽

Large Scale ◽

Climate Model ◽

Ice Dynamics ◽

Sea Ice Dynamics ◽

Future Improvement ◽

Physically Based ◽

Solid Foundation ◽

Hadley Centre ◽

Better Than

Abstract. We present results of an implementation of the Elastic Viscous Plastic (EVP) sea ice dynamics scheme into the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model HadCM3. Although the large-scale simulation of sea ice in HadCM3 is quite good with this model, the lack of a full dynamical model leads to errors in the detailed representation of sea ice and limits our confidence in its future predictions. We find that introducing the EVP scheme results in a worse initial simulation of the sea ice. This paper documents various improvements made to improve the simulation, resulting in a sea ice simulation that is better than the original HadCM3 scheme overall. Importantly, it is more physically based and provides a more solid foundation for future improvement. We then consider the interannual variability of the sea ice in the new model and demonstrate improvements over the HadCM3 simulation.

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The Wood-Based Biorefinery: A Source of Carbon Fiber?

The Open Agriculture Journal ◽

10.2174/1874331501004010119 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 119-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Göran Gellerstedt ◽

Elisabeth Sjöholm ◽

Ida Brodin

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Large Scale ◽

Kraft Lignin ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Scale Production ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Renewable Materials ◽

Construction Steel ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Physical And Chemical

In this mini-review, various attempts to make carbon fiber from lignins are discussed. The replacement of construction steel in cars and trucks with a much lighter carbon fiber-based composite will ultimately result in more fuelefficient vehicles. To replace the precursors of carbon fiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or other non-renewable materials such as pitch, by cheap (kraft) lignin, a comprehensive understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of lignin and the development of methods for its homogeneous large-scale production must be achieved.

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