Jamaican Chemists in Early Global Communication

Abstract Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) has been described as “one of the founding fathers of organic chemistry and a great teacher who transformed scientific education, medical practice, and agriculture in Great Britain” [1]. His research was generally initially published in German, although in some cases an English translation was released at the same time. William Brock identified a number of people associated with providing English translations. Most of these were former students, such as John Buddle Blyth (1814-1871), John Gardner (1804-1880), William Gregory (1803-1858), Samuel William Johnson (1830-1909), Benjamin Horatio Paul (1827-1917), Lyon Playfair (1818-1898), Thomas Richardson (1816-1867), Warren De La Rue (1815-1889), as well as Edward Turner (1796-1837) and his brother Wilton George Turner (1810-1855). In this article, the emphasis is on Edward Turner, Wilton George Turner, and John Buddle Blyth, who were all born on sugar plantations in Jamaica [2].

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Obtaining English translations of Russian publications in the Earth Sciences - an English view

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800025334 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 183-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. J. S. Miles

Keyword(s):

Earth Sciences ◽

English Translation ◽

Language Barrier ◽

Russian Language ◽

The Earth ◽

Course Of Action ◽

English Translations ◽

The Russian Language

SummaryA course of action is described for obtaining an English translation of a Russian geological text. It is suggested that the Russian ‘language barrier’ in this field is largely psychological.

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THE FUTURE OF THE BULGARIAN ACADEMIC PERIODICALS – COMMUNITIES, DEBATES, AND INTERNATIONAL PRESENCE

Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum) ◽

10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v19i2.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

Kamen RIKEV

Keyword(s):

English Translation ◽

International Research ◽

English Language ◽

Academic Journals ◽

The Future ◽

English Translations ◽

Publishing Houses ◽

Internet Portals ◽

Patron Saints

The paper discusses several formal aspects of submitting texts to foreign academic journals and publishing houses by Bulgarian authors. It argues that common issues concerning the editing of an author’s contribution include the English translation of a Bulgarian academic institution’s name, the use of quotation marks, the hyphen, en dash and em dash, the usage of glyphs, such as the numero symbol. The article also draws attention to the various transcription styles for Cyrillic texts, as well as the inconsistent forms of patron saints and city names used by Bulgarian institutions. A comparison between the Bulgarian names of six universities, their English translations and forms appearing in Wikipedia illustrates the problem of the often incomprehensible affiliation of a Bulgarian scholar outside the country. The author’s main conclusions are as follows: (1) an urgent need for a uniform spelling of Bulgarian university names in English; (2) based on the information on their official websites, Bulgarian institutions do not have official names in English, or such names cannot be easily traced; (3) clarification of the principles for recording the names of prominent personalities and especially saints, who have long been subject of international research; (4) a need for monitoring the consistent spelling of institution names appearing on the most popular internet portals. Finally, the author suggests 8 English language versions of the name Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”.

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Chinese Adversative Bèi Passive and Its English Translations in Literary Texts

10.31235/osf.io/nzx67 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

AWEJ for Translation & Literary Studies ◽

Lester Zixian LIU

Keyword(s):

English Translation ◽

Literary Texts ◽

Semantic Equivalence ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Passive Construction ◽

Narrative Perspective ◽

English Translations

This research aims at finding the commonalities and distinctive features of translating bèi (被) passive into English in the context of literary texts and investigating different approaches translators adopt. Twelve English translation in the Spring 2015 edition of Pathlight will be analyzed as a way to develop translation resources. The main approaches to translation are: (1) retaining the original passive sentences and/or passive construction, (2) changing to corresponding active sentences, (3) changing into active sentences with the same narrative perspective, and (4) paraphrasing the original passives. Translation of adversative bèi passive sentences is evaluated from the perspectives of semantic equivalence and aesthetic effect in order to investigate whether they effectively and successfully express the original adversative meaning and represent the original aesthetic effect. Reasons for ineffective and unsuccessful semantic equivalence are analyzed, that include translators failing to recognize the adversative expression of bèi passive, and not paying sufficient attention to preserving the original lexical terms which express the adversative connotation and present the literary effect and adversative resultative compounds in bèi passive.

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Translation as a Social Activity: Towards a Bourdieusian Understanding of Pickthall’s Translation of the Quran

International Journal of Arabic-English Studies ◽

10.33806/ijaes2000.21.2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

English Translation ◽

Social Space ◽

Social Activity ◽

Macro Level ◽

Starting Point ◽

Political Forces ◽

Holy Quran ◽

English Translations ◽

The Holy Quran ◽

Sociological Work

This paper argued for a fresh understanding of Pickthall’s The Meaning of the Glorious Koran: An Explanatory Translation (1930) in light of Bourdieu’s sociological work. The main objective of this study was to develop an initial sociological model for understanding the production of Pickthall’s English translation of the meaning of the Holy Quran. By hypothesizing a field which could be called ‘the field of English translations of the meaning of the Holy Quran’, the researchers aspired to understand the dynamics of this field and its structure through delineating the socio-cultural and socio-political forces. After conducting an analysis at the macro level, the researchers analyzed the paratextual elements of the translation, the data of which represent the starting point for Bourdieusian insights into the production of Pickthall’s translation. The findings revealed that Pickthall’s capitalization is evident in the paratextual zone to secure his position within the field in question. The study concluded that Pickthall’s is a social activity, situated in a social space, and carried out by translating agents, both individuals and organizations, who are in a ceaseless struggle over accumulating capital at stake in the field.

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A comparative study of information change in translation of nonfiction literature

Translation Matters ◽

10.21747/21844585/tm3_1a1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 8-24

Author(s):

Nina Havumetsä

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

English Translation ◽

Short History ◽

Translation Strategy ◽

Non Fiction ◽

English Translations ◽

History Of ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Information Changing ◽

Information Change

The present paper compares translations from Russian into Finnish, Swedish, and English of a work of political non-fiction, Всякремлевскаярать: КраткаяисториясовременнойРоссии(lit. All the Kremlin men: A short history of contemporary Russia) by Mikhail Zygar (2016a) and investigates the use of information change as a translation strategy. Information change covers addition and omission of non-inferable content, used either separately or sequentially (i.e. addition following omission resulting in substitution). De Metsenaere’s and Vandepitte’s (2017) notions of addition and omission are applied. The study shows that the translations into Finnish and Swedish exhibit similarly infrequent use of information changing strategies while the English translation appears more liberal in their use. Possible reasons for the additions, omissions, substitutions, and their effects are discussed, as is the potential impact of the English translations on translation norms

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Education, Medical Studies, Medical Practice

Georges Gilles de la Tourette ◽

10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 19-42

Author(s):

Olivier Walusinski

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Medical Education ◽

Medical Practice ◽

Sigmund Freud ◽

Career Path ◽

School Education ◽

High School Education ◽

Medical Studies ◽

Education Medical

After his classical high school education in Chatellerault, Gilles de la Tourette moved to Poitiers for his medical studies, which he then pursued in Paris. This chapter covers his student days and his career path within the hospital and university hierarchies and brings additional interesting information on the system of university examinations and French medical education. The author also discusses Gilles de la Tourette’s relationships with other notables of the time, for example, with Jules Claretie and Sigmund Freud, and his opinions regarding the legal affairs that marked his time. Unpublished archives are used to explore Georges Gilles de la Tourette’s numerous literary and medical activities.

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Orhan Pamuk and the Limits of Translation: Foreignizing The Black Book for World Literature

Translation and Literature ◽

10.3366/tal.2014.0135 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 42-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karim Mattar

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

English Translation ◽

World Literature ◽

Local History ◽

Translation Theory ◽

The Novel ◽

Black Book ◽

Sociology Of Translation ◽

English Translations ◽

Linguistic Categories

This article questions the often all-too-readily adduced arguments and methodologies of translation theory with reference to the English translations of Orhan Pamuk's novel The Black Book as exemplary case studies. It argues that domestication and foreignization are problematic as linguistic categories. It then seeks to rework such intuitively forceful terms for a sociology of translation, suggesting that they regain their coherence when directed towards questions of reception. The reception of The Black Book in English translation has been dominated by domesticating readings that minimize or neglect Pamuk's engagement with local history in favour of stock categorizations of the novel in terms of postmodernism. Against such readings, a ‘foreignizing reading strategy’ is proposed, one that seeks to restore to interpretation something of Pamuk's engagement with the local, especially his treatment of Sufism and Hurufism. Translation theory, it is urged, can be more effectively and universally applied in literary studies when directed towards literary sociology rather than linguistic comparison.

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The Mind in the Old English Prose Psalms

The Review of English Studies ◽

10.1093/res/hgy124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (296) ◽

pp. 597-617

Author(s):

Amy Faulkner

Keyword(s):

Pastoral Care ◽

Old English ◽

English Translation ◽

The Other ◽

English Text ◽

The West ◽

Alfred The Great ◽

English Translations ◽

Consolation Of Philosophy ◽

The Mind

Abstract The Prose Psalms, an Old English translation of the first 50 psalms into prose, have often been overshadowed by the other translations attributed to Alfred the Great: the Old English Pastoral Care, with its famous preface, and the intellectually daring Old English translations of Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy and Augustine’s Soliloquies. However, this article proposes that, regardless of who wrote them, the Prose Psalms should be read alongside the Old English Consolation and the Soliloquies: like the two more well-studied translations, the Prose Psalms are concerned with the mind and its search for true understanding. This psychological interest is indicated by the prevalence of the word mod (‘mind’) in the Old English text, which far exceeds references to the faculty of the intellect in the Romanum source. Through comparison with the Consolation and the Soliloquies, this article demonstrates that all three texts participate in a shared tradition of psychological imagery. The three translations may well, therefore, be the result of a single scholarly environment, perhaps enduring for several decades, in which multiple scholars read the same Latin, patristic writings on psychology, discussed these ideas among themselves, and thereby developed the vernacular discourse observable in these three translations. Whether this environment was identical with the scholarly circle which Alfred gathered at the West Saxon court remains a matter for debate.

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A Comparative Study of Google Translate Translations: An Error Analysis of English-to-Persian and Persian-to-English Translations

English Language Teaching ◽

10.5539/elt.v9n3p13 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hadis Ghasemi ◽

Mahmood Hashemian

Keyword(s):

Error Analysis ◽

Machine Translation ◽

English Translation ◽

Statistical Machine Translation ◽

Future Research ◽

Comparison Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Passive Voice ◽

English Translations ◽

Chi Square Test

<p>Both lack of time and the need to translate texts for numerous reasons brought about an increase in studying machine translation with a history spanning over 65 years. During the last decades, Google Translate, as a statistical machine translation (SMT), was in the center of attention for supporting 90 languages. Although there are many studies on Google Translate, few researchers have considered Persian-English translation pairs. This study used Keshavarzʼs (1999) model of error analysis to carry out a comparison study between the raw English-Persian translations and Persian-English translations from Google Translate. Based on the criteria presented in the model, 100 systematically selected sentences from an interpreter app called Motarjem Hamrah were translated by Google Translate and then evaluated and brought in different tables. Results of analyzing and tabulating the frequencies of the errors together with conducting a chi-square test showed no significant differences between the qualities of Google Translate from English to Persian and Persian to English. In addition, lexicosemantic and active/passive voice errors were the most and least frequent errors, respectively. Directions for future research are recognized in the paper for the improvements of the system.</p>

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