Language production experiments as tools for corpus construction: A contrastive study of complementizer agreement

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Fingerhuth ◽  
Ludwig Maximilian Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Corpus Construction ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Corpus Size ◽  
Complementizer Agreement ◽  
Task Types

AbstractThe investigation of linguistic phenomena in corpora of spontaneous speech is sometimes hindered by corpus size or by the complexity of the factors influencing their occurrence. Language Production Experiments (LPEs) can specifically elicit such phenomena and can therefore be used to build corpora that allow for their investigation. Yet experiments are a wide category that covers very different tasks, and there is little empirical research that compares speakers’ response behavior to different task types. In this paper, we compare the responses of a group of 22 speakers to a translation task and a completion task, both of which target the syntactic phenomena complementizer agreement (CA). The results indicate that both experimental methods offer legitimate ways to investigate the phenomenon with specific advantages and disadvantages. However, a comparison of results from both tasks allows for insights that a single task could not have provided.

scholarly journals Experimental Methods in Agricultural and Resource Economics: How Useful are They?

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Fisher ◽  
William J. Wheeler ◽  
Rami Zwick
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Resource Economics ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of

Experimental economics has the potential to fill some of the gaps in the economist's tool kit. This article describes experimental economics, its advantages and disadvantages, and why this tool might be a good choice in some situations. The article summarizes the history of its use by agricultural and resource economists. An illustrative example compares laboratory experiment data with survey data.

Testing Analytical Models Using Archival or Experimental Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane S. Dikolli ◽  
John H. Evans ◽  
Jeffrey Hales ◽  
Michal Matejka ◽  
Donald V. Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Journal Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Jel Classifications

SYNOPSIS Analytical models can quite naturally complement empirical data, whether archival or experimental. This article begins by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of combining an analytical model with archival or experimental data in a single study. We next describe how models are typically used in empirical research and discuss when including an analytical model is more versus less useful. Finally, we offer examples of more and less successful combinations of analytical models and empirical data, along with a brief discussion of how such studies are likely to fare in the journal review process. JEL Classifications: C02; C51; C99.

scholarly journals Experimental methods for studying the wetting properties of oil reservoirs: a review

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ivanova ◽  
N. A. Mitiurev ◽  
S. N. Shilobreeva ◽  
A. N. Cheremisin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Oil Formation

The theoretical principles of the laboratory methods for studying the wettability of unconventional oil formation rocks are discussed and examples of their practical implementation are presented. The comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each method is presented. It is shown that despite the recent progress in the development of methods for determining the wettability of rocks, they still need to be improved. Examples of their possible improvements are discussed.

Effects of required and optional exchange tasks in online language learning environments

ReCALL ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Brandl
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Synchronous Mode ◽  
Online Language Learning ◽  
Beginning Learners ◽  
Task Types ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of an optional and required (jigsaw) task on learners’ quantity and quality of use of language under synchronous and asynchronous conditions. The question raised is: Does performing either of these task types under synchronous conditions cause a compounding effect that either positively or negatively impacts language production? Eighty-six beginning learners of German participated in this study. The results show that the optional task yielded significantly more learner output, both in terms of target language and c-unit counts. The impact of the condition appears to be mixed, favoring the synchronous mode. Regarding quality, students produced fewer errors when performing the required than the optional task. The results of this study have implications for task design and implementation in online learning environments.

scholarly journals Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Microfluidic Mix-and-Jet Sample Delivery Devices

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Majid Hejazian ◽  
Eugeniu Balaur ◽  
Brian Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Integrated Devices ◽  
Biomolecular Imaging

The integration of the Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzle (GDVN) and microfluidic technologies has proven to be a promising sample delivery solution for biomolecular imaging studies and has the potential to be transformative for a range of applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. Here, we review the recent advances in the emerging field of microfluidic mix-and-jet sample delivery devices for the study of biomolecular reaction dynamics. First, we introduce the key parameters and dimensionless numbers involved in their design and characterisation. Then we critically review the techniques used to fabricate these integrated devices and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We then summarise the most common experimental methods used for the characterisation of both the mixing and jetting components. Finally, we discuss future perspectives on the emerging field of microfluidic mix-and-jet sample delivery devices. In summary, this review aims to introduce this exciting new topic to the wider microfluidics community and to help guide future research in the field.

scholarly journals Knowing in interaction: An introduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-315
Author(s):  
Karolina Grzech ◽  
Eva Schultze-Berndt ◽  
Henrik Bergqvist
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Epistemic Systems

AbstractThis article provides an introduction for the collection of methodologically oriented papers comprising this Special Issue. We define the concept of epistemicity as used in descriptive linguistics and discuss notions related to it – some well-established, some more recent – such as evidentiality, egophoricity, epistemic authority and engagement. We give a preliminary overview of the different types of epistemic marking attested in the languages of the world and discuss the recent developments in the field of epistemic research focussing on methodologies for investigating epistemic marking. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the more practical side of epistemic fieldwork; the types of data that can be used in documenting linguistic expressions of epistemicity and best practices for data collection. We discuss the experimental methods that are used in the description of epistemic systems, both those developed for this particular purpose and those adapted from other types of linguistic research. We provide a critical evaluation of those materials and stimuli and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we introduce the contributions to the Special Issue, discussing the languages studied by the authors of the contributions and the fieldwork methods they used in their research.

The Development and the Present Status of the Flat-Topped Beam

2011 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Zhong Wu ◽  
Yong Kang Zhang ◽  
Yun Xia Ye ◽  
Hai Bing Guan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Beam Shaping ◽  
Coherent Beam ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Field Distributions ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Propagation Properties

As rapid advance in the laser and the laser technology, more and more lasers have been used in different application fields, which have different demands to the energy distribution of the laser spot. Flat-topped light beam is a type of beam with uniform radiance, so it has been widely applied in all kinds of field such as the material processing. The current research on the flat-topped beam mainly focused on how to obtain the beam and its propagation properties. In this paper, four experimental methods on how to obtain the flat-topped beam are summarized, among of which the beam shaping is emphatically introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Then, four mathematical and physical models are represented and their field distributions expression and the characteristics are analyzed. The research on the partially coherent flat-topped beam is presented, and its propagation properties are compared with the coherent beam. Last, the applied prospects and the research directions on the flat-topped beam are forecasted.

scholarly journals The use of refusal strategies in interlanguage speech act performance of Korean and Norwegian users of English

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-777
Author(s):  
Anna Krulatz ◽  
Tülay Dixon
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
American University ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Open Discourse ◽  
Refusal Strategies

The present paper describes a contrastive study of interlanguage refusal strategies employed by Korean and Norwegian learners of English as an additional language. The data were collected from multilingual first-year students at an American university in South Korea and in an English-medium program at a Norwegian university by means of an online open discourse completion task and analyzed using the coding categories based on Beebe, Takahashi, and Uliss-Welts (1990), and Salazar Campillo, Safont-Jordà, and Codina Espurz (2009). The data were analyzed to compare the average frequencies of refusal strategies used by the two groups, and the types of direct, indirect, and adjunct strategies that they employed. Independent samples t-tests revealed significant differences in the use of direct and indirect strategies with small effect sizes. The differences in the use of adjunct strategies were not statistically significant, and the effect sizes were negligible. Descriptive statistics of the differences in the types of direct, indirect, and adjunct strategies also revealed interesting patterns. The findings suggest that multilinguals’ pragmatic performance is a complex phenomenon that cannot be explained by the differences in cultural and pragmatic norms of their first language alone.

scholarly journals Apology and Linguistic Politeness Strategies in English among Igbo Native Speakers in Nigeria: an Inter-language Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chinomso P. Dozie ◽  
Emeka J. Otagburuagu
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Politeness Strategies

The study sought to explore the conversational English politeness strategies used by Igbo learners of English in Nigeria. Through a purposive sampling process, a total of 3000 copies of questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Task (DCT) consisting of 10 different apology discourse situations positing extent of familiarity, hierarchy and degree of infraction were distributed to undergraduates of Igbo extraction at seven universities systematically selected from the South-East and South-South zones in Nigeria. In all, 2748 copies of questionnaire representing 92 percent were duly completed, returned, coded and analysed using the quantitative tool for analysis of production data. Findings demonstrated that the samples used politeness strategies very significantly in apology discourse. Also, the study revealed that apologies are conversational habits of Igbo bilinguals as the offenders willingly made an apology regardless of social differences and context which were also reflected in their choice of strategies as there was obvious transfer of the nuances of the first/native language/mother tongue to their target language production. The study established that apology realisation in an interlanguage context i.e. Igbo speaking learners of English necessarily bears the burden of native language transfer into target language. In conclusion, this study showed that because of the Igbo understanding that in human interactions, there are possibilities of instances of affront or outrage Igbo bilinguals adopted mainly the positive and negative forms of politeness strategies in apology discourse as the case may be to accomplish a conversational demand. The study found evidence to further dispute the universality of politeness and argued that politeness is culture-specific.

Methods to Study Interactions Among Crops and Weeds

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Species Proportion

Studies of weed and crop competition can be used to predict yield losses from weed presence and to determine optimum levels or periods of weed control. However, competition is a complex phenomenon that is governed by various biological, environmental, and proximity factors. The factors of proximity include plant density, species proportion, and spatial arrangement among individuals. Several experimental methods have been developed that attach different levels of importance to proximity factors. These methods are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Density, proportion, and arrangement of plants influence the outcome of competition experiments and should be incorporated into studies of crop-weed interference, since differing estimates for the effects of weeds on crop productivity can be obtained, depending upon the experimental method used.

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