scholarly journals Nature in cities. Renaturalization of riverbanks in urban areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marta Wlodarczyk ◽  
Jorge Morarji R. Dias Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
The City

Abstract Most of the rehabilitations of river sections with their banks in cities has often been inappropriate. The reason for this is that designers do not understand the natural functioning of a river and they are synthesizing and sterilizing these urban spaces, distorting its natural functioning. Besides, there are clear proofs that these rehabilitations are useless, contributing to the devaluation of the river ecosystem without improving its relationships with the city. The other effect of the water lines destructions are the educational terms, broadcasting a wrong idea of the functioning of the river. This article tries to show briefly, how a river works, what arethe natural characteristicswhich should be valued by a rehabilitation and what has gone wrong in recent rehabilitation works. Using the theoretical drawings, based on examples from real life, and supported by photographs, the authors present also the possible negative consequences of the urban mistakes for the sake of operating of cities. The paper shows some techniques of natural engineering, using natural materials and vegetation that may be employed. This may become a green intervention, making these techniques much more economic and educational, improving life quality thanks to public access to attractive parks and squares by rivers.

scholarly journals STUDY ON URBAN RESIDUAL SPACE AS SOLUTIONS REVIEW FOR AREA PROBLEMS

SINERGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Diana Ayudya ◽  
Mona Anggiani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Residual Space ◽  
Density Irregularity ◽  
The City

In cities, spaces were intentionally formed, planned, or unintentionally unplanned. Unlike planned spaces, unplanned spaces in urban areas eventually tend to cause problems for the area. These spaces were referred to as residual spaces, which were generally vacant land or open space in various urban spaces. Urban residual space was also commonly found in tertiary activity centers in big cities like Jakarta, one of which was in the trade and service area of the city. Residual space in such areas grew and developed due to dense activity within the area, resulting building density, irregularity in some spatial use and environmental degradation. Due such conditions, several questions are significant to be raised.  What are the typology, utilization, and its impacts on the area? Did it only cause a problem, or could it be a solution to problems within the area? This study aimed to examine the typology of residual space based on the shape, location, utilization, and impact of trade and service activities in South Jakarta, Kebayoran Lama area. The proposed approach used was a qualitative study of the residual spaces in predetermined trade and commercial areas. The study results of the physical, spatial, visual, and social conditions of urban residual space were explained descriptively to get a picture of the characteristics of the form, location, utilization, and impact on the area.

scholarly journals Environmental Urbanization Assessment Using GIS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis: A Case Study for Denizli (Turkey) Municipal Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Erdal Akyol ◽  
Mutlu Alkan ◽  
Ali Kaya ◽  
Suat Tasdelen ◽  
Ali Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
The City

In recent years, life quality of the urban areas is a growing interest of civil engineering. Environmental quality is essential to display the position of sustainable development and asserts the corresponding countermeasures to the protection of environment. Urban environmental quality involves multidisciplinary parameters and difficulties to be analyzed. The problem is not only complex but also involves many uncertainties, and decision-making on these issues is a challenging problem which contains many parameters and alternatives inherently. Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a very prepotent technique to solve that sort of problems, and it guides the users confidence by synthesizing that information. Environmental concerns frequently contain spatial information. Spatial multicriteria decision analysis (SMCDA) that includes Geographic Information System (GIS) is efficient to tackle that type of problems. This study has employed some geographic and urbanization parameters to assess the environmental urbanization quality used by those methods. The study area has been described in five categories: very favorable, favorable, moderate, unfavorable, and very unfavorable. The results are momentous to see the current situation, and they could help to mitigate the related concerns. The study proves that the SMCDA descriptions match the environmental quality perception in the city.

Methodological Dimensions of Delineating Peri-urban Areas: The Case of Kolkata Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Dinabandhu Mondal ◽  
Sucharita Sen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Transitions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Municipal Boundaries ◽  
The City ◽  
Complex Characters

In the past few decades, due to urbanization and spatial expansion of cities beyond their municipal boundaries, complex interactions between the city and its surrounding rural areas have occurred, resulting in the formation of peri-urban spaces or zones of transition. There is a plurality of definitions for these peri-urban spaces, due to their diverse character in terms of land and water use, livelihood shifts, demographic and social transitions. Most peri-urban areas, specifically those around large metropolitan cities, are increasingly assuming complex characters, which call for governance structures beyond rural–urban binaries. For any administrative intervention of a serious nature in peri-urban areas, a standard methodology for demarcation of these spaces is required. This article is an attempt to develop and apply such a methodology beyond the existing ones, using government sources of data, in the case of Kolkata Metropolis. This article uses socio-economic and land-use characteristics to achieve this objective. It finds that peri-urban spaces do not necessarily develop uniformly around the city; instead, they are fragmented and could be located both near or relatively far from urban areas.

Quality of Life in Glasgow: An Applied Geographical Analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1499-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pacione
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
Detailed Work

The structure and distribution of quality of life forms a key area of research in human geography, with particular attention given to conditions at the disadvantaged end of the quality-of-life spectrum. To date, most work has focused on the national, regional, or interurban scale. However, whereas descriptive pattern identification and mapping is of value at the macroscale as a pointer to detailed work, policy-relevant quality-of-life indicators are more likely to be derived at the local scale and to be related to specific life concerns. In the present research, a multiscale multiindicator methodology is used to examine the structure and distribution of life quality in Glasgow. In a series of analyses in which objective and subjective indicators are employed at different geographic scales, the city-wide pattern of life quality is identified and a number of severely disadvantaged subareas isolated. Within one such subarea the quality-of-life experience of a particular social group, the elderly, is examined in detail. Application of the methodology in other cities could facilitate intercity and cross-cultural comparisons of quality-of-life variations within contemporary urban areas. Such investigations can also be of practical utility for decisionmakers seeking to define priorities for social policy.

scholarly journals Strategic Mapping and Optimised Allocation of Automated External Defibrillators in Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Kanteler Despoina ◽  
Katsaros Evangelos ◽  
Bakouros Yiannis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Public Access Defibrillation ◽  
Full Coverage ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of death and is regarded as a significant public health issue. Immediate treatment with an automated external defibrillator (AED) increases OHCA patient survival potential. For AEDs to be used and fulfil their lifesaving potential, they need to be in close proximity to the victim and accessible at the time of a cardiac arrest. The current paper sheds light upon an optimized location-allocation method achieving full coverage with immediate accessibility in an urban context given a limited number of available AEDs for deployment using GIS. The case study is the Region of Western Macedonia (RWM) in Greece for a pilot AED placement program for the Governance of RWM. The focus of the current study is the capital city of RWM, Kozani. The initial number of the defibrillators (120) that are needed to be distributed is very small and cannot cover the needs for every major city or rural area in the region. Out of the 120 AEDs, the challenge is to find the minimum required number of AEDs to allocate in the city providing full coverage and accessibility. This paper focuses only on one city, however, the same methodology was applied to allocate AEDs in the other selected cities of the region. The rural dimension and methodology are not in the scope of this paper. <br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Road network data, spatio-temporal analysis of accessibility network, digital elevation model, land uses, population density, seasonal fluctuations and socio-demographic variables were used. GIS algorithms such as spatial analysis, kernel density, hot spot analysis, maximal covering location problem (MCLP) tests, proximity algorithms, buffer zoning, were a few of the tests made in order to find the most efficient positions and maximize coverage keeping in mind that access to an AED until defibrillation time must not exceed the time range of five minutes. <br> <strong>Results</strong>: optimised sites and allocated AEDs in urban areas we managed to achieve full city coverage with 17 AEDs. In every part of the city, people can have access to a nearby AED with its critical radius of less than or equal to 250m achieving defibrillation in the critical period of 5 minutes. The results are promising for the establishment and expansion of optimised AED deployment in cities. <br> <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The progress of the project must be monitored and there are still unresolved problems that need to be tackled to provide a robust allocation of future defibrillators. Further research to enhance our understanding on public access defibrillation and optimize the accessibility and functionality of the medical health care services is needed. A network of engaged and informed citizens ready to act is required for a successful public access defibrillation program.</p>

scholarly journals New urban area flood model: a comparison with MIKE11-quasi2d

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sole ◽  
G. Zuccaro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Explicit Scheme ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flood Wave ◽  
Piezometric Level ◽  
Simulated Event ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Overflow ◽  
Field Area ◽  
Urban Territory

Abstract. Recent hydrogeological events have increased both public interest and that of the Scientific Community in a more accurate study of flooding in urban areas. The present project proposes a new model which offers an optimal integration of two models, one for flood wave propagation in riverbeds and the other for flooding in urban areas. We consider it necessary to not only treat the modelling of the outflow in riverbeds and outside riverbeds.together but to integrate them thoroughly. We simulate the propagation in riverbed of the flood event with a model solving the equations of De Saint Venant with the explicit scheme at the finite differences by McCormack. The propagation outside the riverbed is simulated using an algorithm proposed by Braschi et al. (1990). This algorithm is based on a local discretization of the urban territory, divided in a series of "tanks" and "channels". Each tank is associated with an area of an extension related to the position of the other tanks and the quantity of buildings, modelled as insurmountable obstacles. The model facilitates the simultaneous performance of the two simulations: at each instant, the quantitiy of water overflow, depending on the piezometric level in every section, is calculated as a function of the dimensions of the weirs (the banks), assuming it passes through the critical state. Then, it is transferred to the tanks placed in the surroundings of the overflow points. Those points are the starting nodes for the propagation of the flood because they are connected to the network of tanks in which the surrounding land has been schematised. In this paper, we present a comparison of one of the most powerful models of inundation simulation in urban and no-urban areas. The field area is the city of Albenga (SV, Italy) and the simulated event is the inundation of the 1994 (return period of about 25 years).

scholarly journals Future Stories: On Oslo Apiary & Aviary 2014–2018

Ung Uro ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Emma Christine Karlsen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The City ◽  
Point Of Departure

At the core of Oslo Apiary & Aviary’s artistic practice during the years 2014 to 2018 is ecological intervention performed in urban areas. Taking their work from this period as a point of departure, this chapter explores how ‘ecoventions’—such as facilitating for birds, moths and insects in the city—can challenge common perceptions regarding urban spaces and allow for reflection and re-thinking about ontological co-existence in the city. It is argued that Oslo Apiary & Aviary are storytellers that enact new futures that point towards a more sustainable life in the city, both for humans and for birds, moths and insects.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN LOKASI ALTERNATIF TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR SAMPAH (TPA) MENGGUNAKAN QUANTITATIVE METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zainuddin Fathoni
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Waste Landfill ◽  
The City ◽  
Organic Decomposition

Placement and determination of waste landfill locations in each city is very important. The location of a landfill that is not well organized will cause some negative consequences, which can cause damage to infrastructure; local environmental pollution; release of methane gas which is called organic decomposition; means of carrying diseases such as rats and flies; and simple interference. The existing landfill in Gresik city, precisely in the Ngipik Village, needs to be evaluated again because besides being in an urban location, the TPA has already been overloaded. Stakeholders need to find alternative locations to organize the city and make the city more comfortable for residential and urban areas. The solution to the problem requires a support method to find a solution. One method of supporting the decision is the method of transportation, this method can help to determine the optimal location of various alternatives. The transportation method discusses the distribution of goods from a number of sources (supply) to various destinations (requests) with the aim of minimizing the costs of transportation that occur. The results of calculating the optimal solution for each location using POM software by using a combination of existing landfill with TPA proposed I total costs spent in a day Rp.1.764.105,20. Temporary costs incurred using the existing landfill combination with TPA proposed II is Rp. 1.981.150,60. And the costs incurred using the existing landfill combination with the TPA proposed I and TPA proposed II ​​amounting to Rp.2.121.919,80. The combination of the use of the existing landfill with TPA proposed I has the lowest cost value of all alternatives.

Local Creative Ecosystems as a Strategy for the Development of Low-Density Urban Spaces

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Gonçalves ◽  
Tiago Galvão Martins ◽  
Inês Baudoin Vilhena da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Strategic Investment ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
The City

Development strategy based on cultural, innovative and creative activities but worried about the possibilities of being foreign bodies to the community and the city. Hence the associated goal of establishing a creative ecosystem that seeks to create strong and direct links of local stakeholders with this strategic investment. The other challenge was to demonstrate that, in spite of all known experiences have taken place in major cities, this strategy could be implemented in low density urban spaces. This is the story of the overcoming these two challenges.

Dancing the War Report in Aeschylus’ Seven against Thebes

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gianvittorio-Ungar
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Subject ◽  
City Walls ◽  
Seven Against Thebes ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

This chapter reconsiders in its theatrical and narrative-related implications a testimony by Athenaeus (1,22 A), according to whom, at some point in Seven against Thebes, a dancer called Telestes danced the events so skilfully as to make them manifest. Departing from previous views on the subject, the chapter argues that, in Seven, the most suitable moment for Telestes’ dance to take place was not during the spoken lines of the Redepaare but during the lyric parodos, and that therefore Telestes did not perform a pantomime but in all likelihood a war dance. Accordingly, the parodos would consist of two interplaying dances. One was the solo war dance by Telestes, which made visible on stage the military manoeuvres of the Argives beyond the city walls. The other was the choral song and dance of the Theban maidens, who, while expressing the terror of the attacked, also described the siege with visual details and as a real-life experience. By assuming that the lyric parodos was accompanied by a war dance, we gain a new understanding not only of the chorus’ claims to see what is going on beyond the city walls, but also of the classical sources describing Seven as a drama which left the spectators with a craving for fighting.

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