scholarly journals Rural Enterprise Hub Supporting Rural Entrepreneurship and Innovation – Case Studies from Hungary

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Katonáné Kovács ◽  
Erzsébet Szeréna Zoltán
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
Physical Spaces ◽  
New Infrastructure

Abstract Although the tendency that the population migrate from rural to urban areas is typical world wide, the globalised economy creates new circumstances and opportunities for rural areas as well. The ‘new rural economy’ therefore needs new infrastructure to support it. The authors of the paper have a common interest in how enterprise hubs could help the development of entrepreneurship in the 21st century from two different directions, from physical and from social aspects. Building on the experience gained along enterprise hubs in cities, the hypothesis behind the study is, that creating enterprise hubs from existing buildings in rural settlements could help the development of rural entrepreneurship. To examine the hypothesis two case studies following a period of two years (enterprise hub development in Debrecen and Noszvaj) were carried out. In line with other studies in this field, result shows that even well-designed physical spaces are not enough for change, and initiators, hosts or facilitators are needed, as they play an important role in focusing on the real interaction network and enabling more synergies to happen.

scholarly journals Tourism Potential and Rural Tourism: A Case Study of the Municipality of Andrijevica

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Rajović ◽  
Jelisavka Bulatović
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Distinguished Group

The paper analyses tourism potential and rural tourism of the Municipality of Andrijevica. Existing tourism and recreation supply is not sufficiently developed and affirmed nor organized and connected both within the scope of the Municipality and with the neighbouring municipalities. One of the prerequisites for tourism development might be good transport infrastructure. However, in the territory of the Municipality of Andrijevica is not adequate. On the territory of the Municipality of Andrijevica, natural and anthropogenic values are distinguished group deployment and characteristics of complexity and complementarily. Natural values are particularly come to the fore, if we know that modern tourism trends emphasize the value of untouched nature. Marketing affirmation of the Municipality of Andrijevica is one of the most important processes that represent a momentum for its tourism development. In this sense, all kinds of tourism propaganda must be enhanced, which affirmed the value of tourism (for example the eco-pasture Štavna), which would lead to a more comprehensive tourism development that would provide a profitable economic performance. Particularly it is very important to encourage and support rapid development of economic activities in rural areas and development of human resources. Furthermore, the economic progress and independence rural settlements of the Municipality of Andrijevica must be improved in accordance with the ecological principles and sustainable development in rural development. In finding a new identity and direction of development of the rural economy, the Municipality of Andrijevica must accept new trends in Europe and the countries that have been through a period of transition, in terms of adapting and complementing so far the role of villages and rural areas within diversified supply and the introduction of tourism as one the essential activities. Such guidelines already exist in spatial and urban plans of the Municipality of Andrijevica, starting as of 2010

Innovative Mobility Solutions in Rural Areas With Case Studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Gogola ◽  
Dana Sitányiová
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Important Challenge

Rural areas still have some disadvantages in comparison to urban areas. Access to jobs, education, or health services provided for inhabitants in rural areas are limited. Another important topic is mobility, which is crucial to meet the travel expectations of inhabitants in rural areas. Finding new forms of mobility capable of covering all areas and meeting the requirements of rural inhabitants is the most important challenge. This chapter deals with mobility in rural areas from the perspective of demographics, social change, and accessibility to transport services. Moreover, this chapter offers various case studies dealing with innovative solutions for mobility in rural areas resulting from the RUMOBIL project.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Anselem C. Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the implication of rural- urban migration on Nigeria Society using Anambra state as focus of the study. Cities have been growing both through natural increase and through stampede from rural areas in Nigeria. People migrate to urban areas based on the prevailing conditions they fund themselves and the reasons for the migration vary from one individual to another depending on the situation that informs the decision to migrate. In most rural areas, the effect of rural-urban migration was a rapid deterioration of the rural economy leading to poverty and food scarcity. The cause of the phenomenon has been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban areas. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural-urban migration on Nigeria society. It is a survey research. Thus, 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in Anambra State. The analysis was run using Runs test and mode analysis. The result of the analysis found the effect of people migrating from rural areas to urban centres on the society to include: increase in prostitution in the urban centres; increase in squalor settlement in the urban centres; and people are doing all sorts of odd jobs in order to survive in urban centres. The paper therefore recommends that the government should make and implement a policy on provision of functional social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water etc. in the rural areas. Good schools and qualified teachers should be made available in the rural areas and establishment of industries in both rural and urban areas that will to an extent accommodate unemployed youths.

scholarly journals National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Mamoni Das
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Government

Indian economy is agricultural economy and real India lies in villages. Without the development of the rural economy, the objectives of economic planning cannot be achieved. Hence, banks and other financial institutions are considered to be a vital role for the development of the rural economy in India. NABARD are playing a pivotal role in the economy development of the rural India. In the Indian context rural development assumes greater significance as nearly 70% of its population lives in rural areas. Most of the people living in rural area draw their livelihood from agriculture and allied sectors. Such areas are distinct from more intensively settled urban and suburban areas. Life styles in rural area are different than those in urban areas, mainly because limited services are available. Governmental services like law enforcement, schools, fire departments may be distant, limited in scope, or unavailable. Rural development is a national necessity and has considerable importance in India. The main objective of the rural development programme is to raise the economic and social level of the rural people. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is set up as an apex institution by the Government of India with the main objective of providing and regulating credit and other facilities for the promotion of rural development. It is a single integrated organisation which looks after the credit requirements of all types of agricultural and rural development activities. The present study is a modest attempt to the credit potential for agriculture during the year 2021-22. The study covered aspects such as functions, objectives, management and organizational structure, sources of funds, activities achieved, loan assistance to various institutions, Methodology for preparation of potential linked credit plans (PLPs) and Development Projects in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Keywords: NABARD, Rural Development, RBI and SHGs..

scholarly journals ANALISIS PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA KECIL DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT KASUS DI KABUPATEN: BIMA, SUMBAWA, DAN LOMBOK BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wargono Adisoewignyo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
The Government

The population of the small and medium scale businesses (SMSB) are amounted about more 500 thousand, while their role in GNP are about 50%. More 90% of the SMSB are small scales and carry out their activities in many sectors which are spead out in rural and urban areas as well. The power of the SMSB has been proved through the crises since 1998, they are still exsits, while the conglomerate had been col/aped. The development programme of small businesses in Indonesia has been intorduced for more than 3 decades, but the results are still queationable. In the beginning of 90's, such programmes were introduced in a line of the poverty eradication (PPE). The PPE programes such as PHBK, P4K, KUKESRA and IDT are in a line to the programes of developing real sectors in rural areas. Poverty is a crucial problem and consists of multidimensional aspects, not only economic but also social, cultural, structural and institutional as well.The previous programes never touch the core problem, operate separately, and rarely include the group targets (poor society) to actively participate in the programs. Another new programs such as P-IK, PHBK, KUKESRA and IDT have also been carried out, but at the present the results were still questionably. Some programes are introduced to develop small scales business, such as PHBK dan KUKESRAAims of the study are to indentify: the successes and the .fails of varoius programs for eradicating poverty, terms as 'Program for Poverty Eradication· or shortly PPE; how the fund has been allocated, managed, and coordinated; how jar the society, LSM, and poors themselves do involve; and how jar the programs could reduce poverty and sustainable develop the rural economy. The study has been carried out in three kabupatens: Bima. Sumbawa, dan West Lombok Resource persons are the GO and the NGO officers who close relate with the PPE. The respondents are members POKMAS who receive fund of the PPE. The Sarasehan procedure with resource applies to collect secondary data of the PPE's program from resource persons, while the participatory and emphatic procedures are used to invite responses and attitudes of respondents.The results indicate the models of the PPH, such as P-IK, PHBK. KUKESRA and IDT could not be generalized. Some were more rigid, while some others were accommodative. Some were effective, the others were stagnant, evermore fails. They need solid commitment of all: the government institutions from the top to the lowest. The involvement of the TOGA, the TOMA, and the NGO, and the poor themselves. The more rigid the programs were managed and directed (by the government), the higher the probability of programs are stagnant and even morefruitlessly.

scholarly journals Measuring the contribution of mobility to malaria persistence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira da Costa Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Torres Codeço ◽  
Leonardo Soares Bastos ◽  
Raquel Martins Lana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Perspective Change ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background: To achieve the goal of malaria elimination, it is important to determine the role of human mobility of maintain parasite transmission. The Alto Jurua basin (Brazil) has one of the largest prevalence of malaria vivax and malaria falciparum in the Amazon. The goal of this work was to estimate the contribution of human commutation on the persistence of malaria in this region using data from a origin-destination survey.Methods: Data from the origin-destination survey was used to describe the intensity and motivation for commutation between rural settlements and urban areas in two municipalities, Mancio Lima and Rodrigues Alves. The relativetime-person spent in each locality per household was estimated. A logistic model was fitted to estimate the effect of commuting on the probability of getting malaria for a householder from a zone of residence commuting to another zone.Results: Our main results suggest that this population is not very mobile. 96% of household reported spending more than 90% of the annual person-hour at localities within the same zone of residence. Study and work are the most prevalent motivations for commuting, 40.5% and 29.5% respectively. Spending person-hours in urban Rodrigues Alves conferred relative protection to the residents of urban Mancio Lima. On the other hand, spending time in urban Rodrigues Alves conferred protection against malaria for those living in urban Mancio Lima. The opposite effect occurs for those spending time in the rural areas of both municipalities.Conclusion: In the alto Jurua region, the place one lives is a stronger determinant of malaria risk than the place ones commute. These municipalities of a hotspot of Plasmodium transmission, thus understanding the main fluxes is essential to planning control strategies because the probability of getting malaria is dependent on the intensity of transmission of both, the area of origin and the area to which the displacement take place. The natural conditions for the circulation of pathogens such as the Plasmodium spp, combined with the pattern of mobility of humans in the Amazon, make clear the need of disease control perspective change. It is essential that intersectoral public policies be the basis for health mitigation actions.

Assessment of the Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Rural Settlements in the Areas of the Bryansk Region (Russia) Affected by the Chernobyl NPP Accident

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Baranchukov ◽  
Elena Korobova ◽  
Alexander Silenok ◽  
Irina Kurnosova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence

<p>Thyroid cancer is one of the most important medical problems. The disease often occurs in regions that have been exposed to radiation and where there is insufficient iodine in nature. Adequate intake of iodine is necessary for the functioning of the thyroid gland and the development of the mammalian fetus. Thus, in 1990, a special International Council for Combating Iodine Deficiency Disorders was established at WHO. Since 1990, the incidence of thyroid cancer in the world has increased by 169% (Dang et al., 2020). It can be assumed that such an increase is associated with early detection of the disease. However, in countries with high human development index (HDI), where the detection rate of the disease is 4-5 times higher than in low HDI countries, this indicator does not correlate with mortality from thyroid cancer. In our opinion, this is because the food sources must be considered. As local foods to the diet varies significantly between urban and rural areas, it is important to compare cases of thyroid cancer in them. For example, in rural areas of the United States, the overall incidence of thyroid cancer is 14% lower than in cities (McDow et al., 2020).</p><p>For the Bryansk region (the most affected by the Chernobyl accident in Russia) data on thyroid cancer also show a difference: in 27 regional centers (67% of the population), an estimate of the thyroid cancer incidence is 20.9 per 100 000 people per year (period from 1990 to 2019), while for other localities the rate is much lower (16.3). However, mortality from thyroid cancer in rural areas is 46% higher than in urban areas (0.89 and 0.60, respectively). Using a specialized GIS developed to study natural and man-made geochemical factors responsible for the spread of endemic diseases, we zoned the territory according to evaluated risk (Baranchukov et al., 2019).</p><p>Assessment of the risk of thyroid cancer turned out to be more effective for rural settlements (excluding the most contaminated area, where special measures were taken): the correlation between the calculated total natural and man-made risk and the incidence of thyroid cancer was significant and higher in rural areas (r=0.54, p=0.05, n=25) than in the main urban areas (r=0.27; p=0.17). The result of the study shows that the prevalence of thyroid cancer is associated, first of all, not with the level of diagnosis, but with the structure of nutrition, which ensures the entry of elements into the human body.</p><p>This study was funded by RFBR and BRFBR, project #20-55-00012.</p><p>References</p><p>Deng Y et al. Global Burden of Thyroid Cancer From 1990 to 2017. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):e208759. Published 2020 Jun 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8759</p><p>McDow AD, et al. Impact of Rurality on National Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Long-Term Survival. J Rural Health. 2020 Jun;36(3):326-333. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12374. Epub 2019 May 17. PMID: 31099945</p><p>Baranchukov V et al. Application of Geoinformation Technologies for minimization of thyroid gland diseases in the impact areas of the radioiodine fallout, EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020, EGU2020-9000, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9000, 2020</p>

Rural Aging, Demise of the Traditional Family and the Rise of New Family Structures in Rural Turkey

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ozan Hovardaoglu ◽  
Seda Calisir-Hovardaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Rural Aging ◽  
New Family

This chapter investigates the influences of rural aging on traditional agricultural production in rural areas in Turkey concerning the traditional family as a social structure of accumulation. Traditional agricultural production in Turkey, which is generally characterized by subsistence farming, relies mostly on the unpaid family worker for survival. The influences of migration tendency of younger family members to urban areas and aging which becomes a physical challenge to remaining family members on traditional family seem to be prevalently studied and argued in the literature. As a new variable, this research focuses on the influences of a specific population, who recently returns to their rural origins from urban areas after retirement. It is found in this research that reverse migration does not only contribute to the increase of elderly population rates in rural settlements and thus rural aging; it also has direct impacts both on agricultural production and traditional family structures.

The demographic profile of rural areas in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-317
Author(s):  
Mihaela Hărăguș ◽  
Ionuț Földes
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
General Level ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Migration ◽  
External Migration

This paper aims to provide descriptive results about demographic trends (natality, mortality, and migration) and their effect on age structure in Romania in the past 30 years. We focus on analysing rural areas, since, while having a negative natural growth and negative net external migration values, internal migration has further affected rural areas by increasing the rate of population decline in many localities. Apart from describing rural areas at a general level, we also differentiate various rural localities according to two criteria, namely inclusion in functional urban areas of every county seat and the existence of marginalised communities within localities’ administrative territory. This differentiation allowed us to portray population characteristics within the broader context of uneven economic development across Romania. Various well-developed cities, known as magnet cities, contribute not only to an increase of population volumes in the surrounding rural settlements but also to other demographic discrepancies between the growth poles and the peripheries. Keywords: rural areas; demographic change; functional urban areas; marginalized communities.

scholarly journals Rural Non-agriculture Employment and Poverty in Pakistan

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1089-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Arif ◽  
Hina Nazli ◽  
Rashida Haq
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Rural Economies

There is ample evidence that poverty, which declined rapidly in Pakistan in the 1980s, has returned in the 1990s [Amjad and Kemal (1997); Ali and Tahir (1999); Jafri (1999); Qureshi and Arif (2001)]. Consequently large number of Pakistanis, more than one-third of the total population, live currently far below what can reasonably be regarded as a decent standard of living. Poverty has generally been higher in rural areas than in urban areas. This gap could not be bridged overtime; still the greatest degree of poverty is found in the countryside. To address rural poverty, policy-makers have long been looking to the growth potential of the farm sector of the rural economy. Non-agricultural activities in rural areas have received little attention. This neglect, however, may be socially costly. It has been shown in several recent empirical studies that nonfarm activities occupy an important place in rural economies throughout the developing world [Hazell and Haggblade (1993); Adams and He (1995); Bakht (1996); Sen (1996); Lanjouw (1999)]. They expand quite rapidly in response to agriculture development, and therefore merit special attention in the design of strategies concerning poverty alleviation in rural areas.

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