scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical aspects of flower development and senescence in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv.

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaziya Nisar ◽  
Inayatullah Tahir ◽  
Syed Sabhi Ahmad ◽  
Riyaz Ahmad Dar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractHealthy buds of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia growing in the Kashmir University Botanic Garden were selected for the present study. Flower development and senescence was divided into seven stages, viz., tight bud stage (I), mature bud stage (II), pencil stage (III), partially open stage (IV), open stage (V), partially senescent stage (VI) and senescent stage (VII). Various physiological and biochemical changes were recorded at each stage of flower development and senescence. Floral diameter, fresh mass, dry mass and water content showed an increase up to flower opening (stage V) and thereafter a significant decrease was recorded as the flower development progressed towards senescence through stages VI and VII. An increase in α-amino acids, total phenols and sugars was registered towards anthesis (stage V) and a decrease in these parameters was recorded with senescence. Protease activity showed a significant increase towards senescence with a concomitant decrease in soluble proteins. Based on the quantitative analysis of various biochemical parameters, the flower opening in N. plumbaginifolia seems to be accompanied by an increase in the water content, soluble proteins, α‑amino acids and phenols. A decrease in these parameters, besides an increase in protease activity induces senescence in the beautiful flowers of N. plumbaginifolia. Understanding flower senescence may help in improving the postharvest performance of this beautiful ornamental flower to make it a potential material for the floriculture industry.

scholarly journals Biochemical metabolism of two cultivars of cowpea treated with 24-Epibrassinolide and subjected to saline stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
Kerolém Prícila Sousa Cardoso ◽  
Susana Silva Conceição ◽  
Ana Ecídia de Araújo Brito ◽  
Jéssica Taynara da Silva Martins ◽  
Liliane Corrêa Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Relative Water

We aimed to evaluate the changes in biochemical metabolism generated by salt stress and to investigate the effect of brassinosteroids in mitigating of this stress on two cultivars of Vigna unguiculata L. We used a completely randomized experimental design in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme, using two cultivars of cowpea (BRS Guariba and BR3 Tracuateua - moderately tolerant and sensitive to salinity, respectively), three concentrations of brassinosteroids (0, 0.2 and 0.4 μM Br) and three concentrations of NaCl (0 , 50 and 100 mM NaCl), with four replicates. The following evaluations were carried out: relative water content, electrolyte leakage, nitrate levels, nitrate reductase activity, free ammonium, total soluble amino acids, soluble proteins, glycine betaine and proline. The results showed that salinity at 100 mM affected the nitrate reductase enzyme activity, the relative water content, total soluble amino acids and soluble proteins for cultivars BR3 Tracuateua, and BRS Guariba, but the 24-epibrassinolid attenuated the effects of salinity for these variables. The concentration of 0.2 μM of Br increased 55% and 20% in proline and glycine betaine contents, respectively, in both of cultivars. The plants under stress saline and 0.2 mM of 24-epibrassinolid, presented 42% and 58% reductions in electrolyte leakage of BR3 Tracuateua and BRS Guariba cultivars, respectively. The concentrations of ammonium were slightly varied. Therefore, the application of 0.2 μM of 24-epibrassinolid caused a greater acclimatization of the cultivars, being the BR3 Tracuateua (sensitive to salt) cultivar more expressive in most treatments.

scholarly journals Ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene action over senescence of nasturtium flowers

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania P Silva ◽  
Fernando L Finger
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Floral Bud

ABSTRACT: This work describes ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) action on post-harvest shelf life of four development stages of nasturtium flowers. To reach this goal, we carried out three experiments. In the first and second experiments, we studied five ethylene (0; 0.1; 1; 10; 100 and 1000 μL/L) and three 1-MCP concentrations (0.25; 0.5 and 0.75 μL/L), respectively. In the third experiment, 1-MCP was followed by combined with ethylene (only 1-MCP; only ethylene; and 24 hours of exposure to 0.75 μL/L 1-MCP followed by 24 hours of exposure to 100 μL/L ethylene). All experiments had two control treatments, one keeping non-exposed flowers inside and another outside exposure chambers. Experiments were set in factorial design, in complete blocks at random, with four 10-flower replications each. Flower senescence was determined by a pre-established visual scale and by observing floral bud development. Ethylene dose above 10 μL/L induced flower wilting and premature senescence from the second floral development stage. Furthermore, higher concentrations of exogenous ethylene promoted irregular flower opening and/or morphological abnormalities in opened flowers. 1-MCP effectively extended post-harvest longevity of nasturtium flowers, independent of the concentration and even in the presence of exogenous ethylene.

scholarly journals Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Ye Jin Kim ◽  
Bao Van Nguyen ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycorisradiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.

scholarly journals Effect of Time and Legume Type on Germination-Induced Proteolysis of Lentils and Faba Beans

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Sara Bautista-Expósito ◽  
Elena Peñas ◽  
Albert Vanderberg ◽  
Juana Frias ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Faba Beans

Legumes are alternative protein sources that have been successfully used to develop diverse meatless foods. Although these plant-based products have a lower impact on the environment than equivalent animal-based products, they have lower protein digestibility. Germination could be a useful bioprocess to enhance protein digestibility in legumes, although its effect at different times of seedling development has been little studied in lentils and faba beans. This work investigated the effect of germination time (4 and 6 days after full seed imbibition) on the proteins of three types of Canadian lentils (“gray zero tannin”, G; “caviar black”, B; and “red dehulled”, D) and faba beans (“zero vicin/convicin”, F). Germination increased total nitrogen (4–14% increase) and total levels of some amino acids: Asp in all the sprouts studied; Ser, Pro, Ala, Cys, His and Lys in G; and Met and Tyr in B. A concurrent degradation of the 7S and 11S globulin subunits, the accumulation of peptides below 20 kDa and free essential and non-essential amino acids (4- to 6-fold increase) were observed after germination in all the legumes studied. These effects were attributable to the increased protease activity observed after sprouting. Trypsin inhibitory activity was lower in legume sprouts, except for D, where a small increase was detected. Time, legume type and their interaction showed significant effects on the parameters studied. Germination effects were generally more remarkable at longer stages of seedling development. Among the legumes studied, D showed a differential behavior characterized by a faster protein degradation and release of small peptides, probably due to its higher protease activity as indicated by principal component analysis. These results evidence the positive effects of germination on the protein digestibility of different lentil types and faba beans. The protein quality of plant-based foods could be improved through the selection of legume species with higher germination-induced proteolytic rates and optimized germination times.

Etude des protéines des blés résistant, Kharkov, et sensible, Selkirk, au cours de l'endurcissement au froid. I. Protéines solubles

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (21) ◽  
pp. 2411-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rochat ◽  
H. P. Therrien
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Ice Formation

Electrophoregrams of soluble proteins of winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) after incorporation of L-[14C] leucine disclose the synthesis of two particular proteins during the cold hardening processes of the hardier variety, Kharkov, compared with a less-hardy variety, Selkirk. The composition in amino acids of the two proteins has been studied and shown to confer them a higher degree of hydrophily making them capable to bind and retain vital water with enough energy to avoid too much dehydration resulting in denaturation during extracellular ice formation.

Physiological and biochemical responses of “mofumbo” seeds during storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Silva Guirra ◽  
Caio César Pereira Leal ◽  
Keylan Silva Guirra ◽  
Tatianne Raianne Costa Alves ◽  
Salvador Barros Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Combretum Leprosum ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract: “Mofumbo” (Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae) is a neotropical species of wood, pharmacological, beekeeping and environmental importance. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the biochemical and physiological responses in C. leprosum seeds under different storage environments. The experiment was carried out in a factorial (2 x 7), with two storage conditions (natural and climate-controlled environments) and seven storage periods (0; 60; 120; 180; 240; 300 and 360 days), in four replications per treatment. At the beginning of storage and at 60-day intervals, the seeds were analyzed for water content, physiological potential (germination, germination speed index, root and shoot lengths and seedling dry mass) and biochemical (neutral lipids, lipid peroxidation, total and reducing sugars, total free amino acids, and starch). The results indicated that storing “mofumbo” seeds for 360 days reduced viability, being more pronounced after 180 days, regardless of the storage environment. “Mofumbo” seeds were stored in a natural environment for 180 days, resulting in less lipid degradation. After this period, the reduction was associated with the attack of reducing sugars on amino acids. Thus, it is concluded that “mofumbo” seeds must be stored in a natural environment for up to 180 days.

scholarly journals Free amino acids in the xylem sap of pear trees during dormancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1136-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Carlos Marafon ◽  
Flavio Gilberto Herter ◽  
Fernando José Hawerroth ◽  
Adriana Neutzling Bierhals
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Effective Use

ABSTRACT: Storage and remobilization are considered key processes for the effective use of nitrogen in temperate fruit trees. As dormancy begins, storage proteins are synthesized, coinciding with a reduction in the levels of free amino acids. Consequently, as dormancy breaks, these storage proteins are degraded, and an increase in the concentrations of amino acids occurs, in order to support new growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate water content of different vegetative tissues (buds, bark, and bole wood), volume of xylem sap, and free amino acid concentrations of xylem sap, during winter dormancy of Hosui Japanese pear trees (VL). Plant material was obtained from the Embrapa Temperate Climate experimental orchard at Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Xylem sap was extracted from the branches with the aid of a vacuum pump, and the free amino acids were determined by gas chromatography, using the EZ kit: Faast GC/FID (Phenomenex). Water content of buds, as well as the volume of sap and concentrations of both aspartic acid and asparagine, substantially increased over time, reaching maximum values in the phase preceding sprouting.

scholarly journals The anthochron as a building block of flower development

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-904
Author(s):  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Natalia Teixeira Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Opening Phase

Abstract: Plant vegetative development has been widely described using the phyllochron concept, but little effort has been made to describe flower development during the reproductive phase. The objective of this work was to present the anthochron, through a review of the literature, as a building block of flower development, mainly during the flower opening phase. The anthochron is the time interval needed for two subsequent flowers to achieve the same developmental stage, with units of time in days or in ºC day per flower. The concept of anthochron fulfills part of the lack of studies on flower development, since it is considered a building block of the flower opening process. The anthochron can be measured from field experiments or estimated by a simple linear regression analysis. So far, the anthochron has only been quantified in Gladiolus x grandiflorus Hort. Therefore, factors affecting the anthochron still need to be determined in order to pinpoint their effect on the flower opening rate.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses ofUlva proliferaandUlva linzato Cadmium Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
He-ping Jiang ◽  
Bing-bing Gao ◽  
Wen-hui Li ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Chun-fang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Ulva Prolifera ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Responses ofUlva proliferaandUlva linzato Cd2+stress were studied. We found that the relative growth rate (RGR), Fv/Fm, and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Yield) of twoUlvaspecies were decreased under Cd2+treatments, and these reductions were greater inU. proliferathan inU. linza.U. proliferaaccumulated more cadmium thanU. linzaunder Cd2+stress. WhileU. linzashowed positive osmotic adjustment ability (OAA) at a wider Cd2+range thanU. prolifera.U. linzahad greater contents of N, P, Na+, K+, and amino acids thanU. prolifera. A range of parameters (concentrations of cadmium, Ca2+, N, P, K+, Cl−, free amino acids (FAAs), proline, organic acids and soluble protein, Fv/Fm, Yield, OAA, and K+/Na+) could be used to evaluate cadmium resistance inUlvaby correlation analysis. In accordance with the order of the absolute values of correlation coefficient, contents of Cd2+and K+, Yield, proline content, Fv/Fm, FAA content, and OAA value ofUlvawere more highly related to their adaptation to Cd2+than the other eight indices. Thus,U. linzahas a better adaptation to Cd2+thanU. prolifera, which was due mainly to higher nutrient content and stronger OAA and photosynthesis inU. linza.

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