Response of sunflower hybrids to crop density in the steppe of Ukraine

Helia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (72) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Olha Andriienko ◽  
Kateryna Vasylkovska ◽  
Andrii Andriienko ◽  
Oleksii Vasylkovskyi ◽  
Mykola Mostipan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Crop ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Maturity Groups

AbstractField studies conducted in 2018–2019 in the northern Steppe of Ukraine with sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups (LG 50300, LG 5580, LG 5478, LG 5638, LG 5662) showed that the crop density of early-crop hybrid LG 50300 from 55,000 plants/hectare to 70,000 plants/hectare led to a decrease in productivity by 0.11 t ha−1 and a decrease in oil content by 0.9%. The density of middle-early hybrid LG 5580 resulted in a decrease in sowing productivity of 0.21 t ha−1, while oil content remained nearly the same. Another middle-early hybrid LG 5478 showed slight variations in productivity and oil content with an increase of crop density. The study of the mid-season hybrid LG 5038 showed a decrease in sowing productivity by 0.2 t ha−1 with the density up to 70,000 plants/hectare. Mid-season hybrid LG 5662 with density of 70,000 plants/hectare showed productivity increase by 0.14 t ha−1.

Well stimulation features considering skin-factors as a means of productivity stabilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
T.Sh. Salavatov ◽  
◽  
M.A. Dadash-zade ◽  
T.S. Babaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Skin Factor ◽  
Well Stimulation ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Additional Resistance ◽  
Stimulation Method ◽  
Scientific Practical

Numerous research surveys justified that the major purpose of well stimulation is the productivity increase by means of elimination of bottomhole damages in formation and well. This process appears directly by creating a certain structure in formation. Thus, in field conditions as a stimulation method the fracturing, acid treatment of reservoirs, as well as acid treatment of cracks (acid fracturing) are generally applied. Field studies showed that due to the radial nature of the flow the pressure decrease is basically occurs near the well and in the bottomhole. The analysis justifies that any damage in this area significantly increases the pressure reduction and the effect of such damages may be presented by means of “skin-factor”. The authors present more generalized concept of “skin factor” combining the most important aspects of bottomhole zone damages of production well. These processes create additional resistance decreasing production. From our perspective, the well stimulation is the productivity increase. In this case there is scientific-practical sense to consider the stimulation as a method for “skin-effect” value reduction. The paper offers a new parameter of “generalized skin-effect” or “generalized skin-factor” showing positive results with negative values, i.e. increases performance and productivity.

Mustard tolerance to clopyralid applied alone or with ethametsulfuron

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-641
Author(s):  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Control Limits ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Mustard is a drought-tolerant crop well adapted to the Brown and Dark Brown soils of the Prairies; however, lack of broad-leaved weed control limits production. Two field studies were conducted at Indian Head, Saskatchewan and Lethbridge, Alberta to determine the response of brown and oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss), and yellow mustard (B. hirta Moench) to clopyralid. Clopyralid was applied at 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.60 kg a.i. ha−1 at the 4- or 10-leaf stage in one experiment. The other was a factorial experiment of clopyralid at 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 kg a.i. ha−1 with ethametsulfuron at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 kg a.i. ha−1. Clopyralid applied at 0.15 kg a.i. ha−1, the lowest rate at which it is registered for weed control in canola, resulted in brown mustard yield reductions of 21%, oriental mustard yield reductions of 23% and yellow mustard yield reductions of 9% over 5 site years. This rate of clopyralid applied with ethametsulfuron reduced brown, oriental and yellow mustard yield by 30, 33 and 8%, respectively. Oil content was also reduced by clopyralid. Clopyralid cannot be used for weed control in mustards. Key words: Crop tolerance, growth stage, clopyralid, ethametsulfuron, seed yield, oil content

scholarly journals Grain yield and quality of maize hybrids in different FAO maturity groups

2010 ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Voichita Has ◽  
Radu Groza ◽  
Ioan Has ◽  
Ana Copandean ◽  
Elena Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Maturity Groups

An improvement in the quality of maize grain by increasing the level of components responsible for its biological value is possibleby using genetic means. However, a change in the genotype, together with improving the nutrient properties of the grain, also has someadverse consequences connected with a fall in yield and in resistance to diseases.Field experiments were conducted during three years (2003, 2004and 2005) to evaluate environmental effects on grain yield andquality responses of maize hybrids. Twenty one hybrids of various maturity groups (FAO 150-400) were planted to achieve an optimum(60-70 000 plants per hectare) plant populations and grown under the medium-N (80 kg N ha-1) fertilization. Environmental conditionssignificantly affected maize hybrid responses for grain yield, starch, oil and protein contents, and consequently, starch, oil and proteinyields per hectare. Hybrids of flint type, which have a short vegetation period, had high protein and oil content but the yield averageswere low due to the slower rate of starch incorporation. Hybrids of the dent type have a longer growing season and more intensecarbohydrate accumulation, but low protein and oil contents. In wet years there was a higher rate of starch accumulation, while dryyears are favorable for protein and oil accumulation. Positive correlation existed between starch content and grain yield and 1000-weight as well as between oil content and volumetric weight among tested hybrids. Negatively correlation existed between grain oil andstarch content as well as between oil content and grain yield and 1000-weight. Thus, end-users that require high quality maize may needto provide incentives to growers to off set the negative correlation of grain yield with oil and protein content.

scholarly journals Sunflower yields depending on the drug Pictor using

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
O.V Chigrin ◽  
Е.А. Fendrikova
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Increase Plant Productivity ◽  
Maturity Groups

For three years, field research has been conducted in the industrial conditions to study the effectiveness of the fungicide preparation Pictor during sunflower cultivation. It has been established that spraying crops with this preparation helps to increase plant productivity and increase yield capacity of two hybrids of different maturity groups of the company “Limagrain” LG 56.63 and LG 56.54 by 5.6 and 5.7 kg/ha (+ 18.6 and 19.0% ) respectively. The use of Pictor preparation also has a positive effect on the oil content in the grown sunflower seeds. Key words: sunflower, fungicidal preparation Pictor, yield capacity, oil content of seeds.

HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius)

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. BLACKSHAW ◽  
H.-H. MUENDEL ◽  
D. A. DERKSEN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Crop Tolerance

Field studies were conducted in 1986, 1987 and 1988 at Lethbridge, Alberta and in 1987 and 1988 at Indian Head, Saskatchewan to determine herbicides suitable for selective control of weeds in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Safflower exhibited acceptable tolerance to trifluralin, ethalfluralin, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clethodim, diclofop methyl, difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, chlorsulfuron, thiameturon, metsulfuron and DPX-A7881 over all years and locations. These herbicides offer the grower the option of preplant incorporated or postemergent herbicide application or a combination of the two. A mixture of thiameturon plus DPX-L5300 caused severe injury to safflower, reducing yield, oil content, and seed weight. Desmedipham, phenmedipham, and mixtures of these herbicides injured safflower at Lethbridge but not at Indian Head. Weeds reduced safflower yield by 39–73% over the 3 yr of the study. Control of weeds in safflower is essential to obtain optimum yields.Key words: Crop tolerance, seed yield, oil content, seed weight, weed competition

ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS FOR THE RED SUNFLOWER SEED WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) INFESTING OILSEED SUNFLOWER

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengwang Peng ◽  
Gary J. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Smicronyx Fulvus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Single Larva ◽  
Adult Weevil

AbstractThe control of the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, relies on the use of insecticides. An economic injury level is essential to the judicious deployment of insecticidal control. Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to quantify the weight loss and oil content loss of damaged kernels as a result of larval infestation and the relationship between the adult weevil population and the subsequent number of damaged achenes. We found that for each weevil sampled in plant stages R5.0–5.3, 26.88 damaged achenes resulted. Damaged kernels lost an average of 9.86 ± 2.36 mg (mean ± SD) per kernel, approximately equal to the amount consumed by a single larva. The oil content loss in damaged kernels was 3.34%. Economic injury levels were calculated as a function of the cost of controls, the market value, and the plant population density. Use of adult weevil counts when most plants in the fields are in plant stages R5.0–5.3 are recommended for calculating economic status.

scholarly journals Features of the protection of winter wheat crops from weed rotation after sunflower

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Yu. Tkalich ◽  
S. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Density Linear

Goal. The of the research was to conduct field studies of new formulations of herbicides in winter wheat crops and to optimize the phytotoxic composition of tank mixtures consisting of different-spectrum active substances. Methods. In carrying out the work, general scientific and special research methods were used. Results. Species diagnostics of weed phytocenoses in winter wheat crops showed that high potential weed caused dominance in the agrophytocenoses of ragweed wormwood and sunflower scavenger. The deformation of the classic wintering type of weed was observed in the direction of the annual seed species composition. The phytotoxic properties of tank mixtures of Granstar Gold and Hammer herbicides and combined preparations were studied, their technical efficiency, the dynamics of depression and the death of weeds during the growing season were established, the individual resistance of certain types of weeds was revealed. A biometric analysis (crop density, linear growth, grain yield from an ear) of winter wheat was carried out depending on the toxicity of the herbicides. The scientific conclusion was made that the most effective mixture of herbicides was Granstar Gold 30 g/ha + Hammer 20 g/ha. Conclusions. As a result of the studies, it was found that winter wheat responded positively to reducing the degree of clogging by improving biometric and productive indicators. The yield of winter wheat grain is in a natural dependence on the degree of weediness of crops and phytotoxic effectiveness against weeds. The maximum increase in grain yield of 0.34 t/ha was achieved in comparison with the control when processing wheat crops of the winter mixture of herbicides Granstar Gold 30 g/ha + Hammer 20 g/ha.

Growth, yield and quality of canola expressing resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
D. Kanashiro ◽  
M. M. Moloney ◽  
W. L. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Transgenic Canola ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Spring Canola

On the Canadian prairies, weed control is a limitation to successful canola production which may be overcome by development of herbicide-resistant cultivars. The csr1-1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana L., known to confer increased resistance to the acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicide, chlorsulfuron, was transferred into spring canola (Brassica napus L.). Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the level of resistance and the yield and quality response of this transgenic canola to the acetolactate synthase herbicides chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, imazethapyr, imazamethabenz, and flumetsulam. In the greenhouse, transgenic canola expressed higher levels of resistance to all herbicides except imazethapyr applied at the five-leaf than the one-leaf stage. In field studies, inserting the csr1-1 gene into canola did not alter maturity, seed yield, weight, or oil content. Transgenic canola resistance to the acetolactate synthase herbicides varied within and among chemical classes. The ranking of increased tolerance of transgenic canola to these herbicides in the field was chlorsulfuron (9- to 15-fold) > flumetsulam (6- to 10-fold) > imazamethabenz (3- to 6-fold) > metsulfuron (2- to 5-fold) > imazethapyr (1- to 2-fold). Key words:Brassica napus L., herbicide resistance, maturity, oil content, seed weight, yield

Field Evaluations of Peanut Germplasm for Resistance to Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
T. A. Kucharek ◽  
F. M. Shokes ◽  
T. B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maturity Groups

Abstract Southern stem rot, caused by the soilborne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, is a major disease of peanut (A. hypogaea) in the U.S. Advanced lines from the Univ. of Florida peanut breeding program were evaluated in field tests at the Marianna North Florida Res. and Educ. Center for resistance to stem rot. Breeding lines and cultivars were evaluated in irrigated field studies in 1999 to 2001. Plants were inoculated at 55 to 65 d after planting with aggressive isolates of S. rolfsii that were grown on grain-based (oats, corn) medium in the laboratory. Entries planted in three tests were grouped based on maturity (early, medium, late). Additional split-plot field tests were conducted to compare inoculated vs. uninoculated plants of selected lines. Late-maturing entries consistently showed the highest levels of resistance to stem rot and greatest pod yields. In general, early and medium entries had similar yields, but some medium-maturing entries had greater pod yields and better disease resistance than any of the early genotypes. The mean pod yields for the early, medium and late maturity groups were 2697, 2780, and 4301 kg/ha, respectively. The mean disease ratings on a 1–10 scale (1 ≤ 10% disease; 10 ≥ 90% of plants dead or dying) were 4.6, 4.4, and 3.4, for the early, medium, and late maturity groups, respectively. The mean yield loss to stem rot in the split-plot test was 706 kg/ha. New cultivars with resistance to stem rot were released from the Florida Agric. Exp. Sta. in 2002 and 2003 from material reported in these tests.

scholarly journals ЗМІНА АГРОХІМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ДЕРНОВО-СЛАБОПІДЗОЛИСТОГО ҐРУНТУ ЗА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОРГАНІЧНИХ ФЕРМЕНТОВАНИХ ДОБРИВ

2014 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
В. А. Гаврилюк ◽  
О. В. Валецька
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yellow Lupine

Розглянуто основні питання підвищення продук-тивності ґрунтів за рахунок застосування органічнихта органо-мінеральних добрив різного компонентно-го складу. Представлені результати польових дослі-джень та проведених лабораторно-агрохімічних ана-лізів дають підстави стверджувати, що внесенняорганічних ферментованих добрив (ОФД) у ланці сі-возміни картопля – овес – люпин жовтий позитивновпливають на поживний режим дерново-слабопідзолистого ґрунту. Виявлено, що за норми15 т/га ОФД, яка еквівалентна за вмістом азоту30 т/га гною, навіть на другий рік післядії не відбува-ється деградаційних процесів, що з агрохімічної точ-ки зору дозволяє рекомендувати її виробництву. The paper elucidates the main aspects of soil productivity increase through the use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers of different composition. The results of field studies as well as of laboratory and agrochemical analyses below suggest that the application of organic fermented fertilizer (OFF) in the crop rotation link potato - oat - yellow lupine enhances the nutritive regime of sod-podzolic soil. We found that when applying 15 t/ha of OFF, which is equivalent to 30 t/ha of manure in terms of its nitrogen content, even during the second year of aftereffect there are no degradation processes. Thus, such fertilizer rate can be recommended for production considering the agrochemical cal perspective.  

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