Classical (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) and new (chemerin, vaspin, omentin) adipocytokines in patients with prediabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoaneta Gateva ◽  
Yavor Assyov ◽  
Adelina Tsakova ◽  
Zdravko Kamenov
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract Background In the last decade, there has been an increased interest toward fat tissue as an endocrine organ that secretes many cytokines and bioactive mediators that play a role in insulin sensitivity, inflammation, coagulation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate classical (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) and new (chemerin, vaspin, omentin) adipocytokine levels in subjects with prediabetes [impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)] and obese subjects with normoglycemia. Methods In this study, 80 patients with a mean age of 50.4 ± 10.6 years were recruited, divided into two groups with similar age and body mass index (BMI) – with obesity and normoglycemia (n = 41) and with obesity and prediabetes (n = 39). Results Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in subjects with normoglycemia compared to patients with prediabetes. Adiponectin has a good discriminating power to distinguish between patients with and without insulin resistance in our study population [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.728, p = 0.002]. Other adipocytokine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. The patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) had significantly lower levels of leptin compared to those without MetS (33.03 ± 14.94 vs. 40.24 ± 12.23 ng/mL) and this difference persisted after adjustment for weight and BMI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that low serum leptin can predict the presence of MetS (p = 0.03), AUC = 0.645. Conclusion Serum adiponectin is statistically higher in patients with normoglycemia compared to those with prediabetes and has a predictive value for distinguishing between patients with and without insulin resistance in the studied population. Serum leptin has a good predictive value for distinguishing between patients with and without MetS in the studied population.

scholarly journals Circulating Level of Soluble Leptin Receptor and its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Obese Subjects in Kerala, South India

2021 ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
K. S. Manju ◽  
K. B. Leena ◽  
L. Vijayalekshmi ◽  
K. T. Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Soluble Leptin Receptor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obese Subjects

Background and Aims: Leptin, the peptide hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissue is reported to play the central role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Leptin exerts its biological effects through specific receptor molecules present in target tissues. Among the different isoforms of leptin receptor, the Soluble Leptin Receptor (SLR) is the major leptin binding protein seen in circulation which modulates the bioavailability of leptin. Our objectives were to analyse the level of circulating SLR among obese subjects and its association with biomarkers of obesity, serum leptin, insulin and cardiometabolic risk factors in comparison with healthy age and sex matched control subjects. Methods: About 173 study participants of both genders were selected and grouped as case (n=102) and control (n=71) with a cut off point of BMI 25kg/m2. Waist to hip ratio (WHR) and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated from anthropometric measurements. Leptin, insulin, soluble leptin receptor were estimated in fasting blood samples by sandwich ELISA method. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile were measured by standard enzymatic methods in autoanalyzer. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Comparison between groups was done by independent sample ‘t’ test. P values <.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The SLR level was found to be increased in obese group in comparison with control group(P =.001). A significant increase in serum leptin and insulin level was observed in obese group when compared to control (P =.001). Obese group showed more than two fold increase in insulin resistance expressed as HOMA-IR when compared to control subjects (P =.001). But no significant difference in the synthesis of insulin expressed as HOMA-beta between the groups. No significant difference in serum lipoprotein levels was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Increased level of circulating soluble leptin receptor has been observed in obese subjects in comparison with control subjects and is associated with hyperleptinemia, hypertension and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (1,3)-β-d-Glucan Assay for Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Shiwei Zhou ◽  
Kathleen A. Linder ◽  
Carol A. Kauffman ◽  
Blair J. Richards ◽  
Steve Kleiboeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Characteristic Area

We evaluated the performance of the (1,3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) assay on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as a possible aid to the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. BALF samples from 18 patients with well-characterized proven, probable, and possible Pneumocystis pneumonia and 18 well-matched controls were tested. We found that the best test performance was observed with a cut-off value of 128 pg/mL; receiver operating characteristic/area under the curve (ROC/AUC) was 0.70 (95% CI 0.52–0.87). Sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 56%, respectively; positive predictive value was 64%, and negative predictive value was 71%. The low specificity that we noted limits the utility of BALF BDG as a diagnostic tool for Pneumocystis pneumonia.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Procalcitonin for the Early Identification of Sepsis in Patients with Elevated qSOFA Score at Emergency Admission

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3869
Author(s):  
Myrto Bolanaki ◽  
Martin Möckel ◽  
Johannes Winning ◽  
Michael Bauer ◽  
Konrad Reinhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Emergency Admission ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Qsofa Score

Infectious biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT) can help overcome the lack of sensitivity of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score for early identification of sepsis in emergency departments (EDs) and thus might be beneficial as point-of-care biomarkers in EDs. Our primary aim was to investigate the diagnostic performance of PCT for the early identification of septic patients and patients likely to develop sepsis within 96 h of admission to an ED among a prospectively selected patient population with elevated qSOFA scores. In a large multi-centre prospective cohort study, we included all adult patients (n = 742) with a qSOFA score of at least 1 who presented to the ED. PCT levels were measured upon admission. Of the study population 27.3% (n = 202) were diagnosed with sepsis within the first 96 h. The area under the curve for PCT for the identification of septic patients in EDs was 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–0.89). The resultant sensitivity for PCT at a cut-off of 0.5 µg/l was 63.4% (95% CI: 56.3–70.0). Furthermore, specificity was 89.2% (95% CI: 86.3–91.7), the positive predictive value was 68.8% (95% CI: 62.9–74.2), and the negative predictive value was 86.7% (95% CI: 84.4–88.7). The early measurement of PCT in a patient population with elevated qSOFA score served as an effective tool for the early identification of sepsis in ED patients.

scholarly journals Upregulation of the RNF8 gene can predict the presence of sperm in azoospermic individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Majid Nazari ◽  
Emad Babakhanzadeh ◽  
S. Mohsen Aghaei Zarch ◽  
Mehrdad Talebi ◽  
Nima Narimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Nonobstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: In this study, specimens from testicular biopsies of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) were used to investigate whether <i>RNF8</i> gene could serve as a biomarker to predict the presence of sperm in these patients.Methods: Testicular biopsy specimens from 47 patients were classified according to the presence of sperm (positive vs. negative groups) and investigated for the expression of <i>RNF8</i>. The level of <i>RNF8</i> gene expression in the testes was compared between these groups using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results: The expression level of <i>RNF8</i> was significantly higher in testicular samples from the positive group than in those from the negative group. Moreover, the area under the curve of <i>RNF8</i> expression for the entire study population was 0.84, showing the discriminatory power of <i>RNF8</i> expression in differentiating between the positive and negative groups of men with NOA. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that <i>RNF8</i> expression had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 84%, with a cutoff level of 1.76.Conclusion: This study points out a significant association between the expression of <i>RNF8</i> and the presence of sperm in NOA patients, which suggests that quantified <i>RNF8</i> expression in testicular biopsy samples may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the presence of spermatozoa in biopsy samples.

Acute exercise improves serum adiponectin not leptin in sedentary adult obese men

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-304
Author(s):  
Eizadi Mojtaba ◽  
Kohandel Mahdi ◽  
Kasbparast JR Mehdi ◽  
Sarshin Amir
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Inflammation Cytokines

 Leptin and adiponectin, adipose tissue secreted cytokines, play key role inobesity and cardiovascular disease. Although the physiopathological mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after an acute bout of moderate cycling test in eighty non‐trained adult obese men (BMI: 33.54 ± 3.43 kg/m2) that participated in this study by accidentally. Blood samples were used for measuring serum leptin and adiponectin. No significant differences were found in serum leptin by cycling exercise with compared to baseline (P ≥ 0.05). But, serum adiponectin levels were significantly increased in response to acute exercise when compared with baseline levels (P < 0.05). Based on these data, we can say, although inflammation cytokines such as leptin does not affect by acute exercise for short time, but it seems that this exercise can increase anti‐inflamatory cytokines as adiponectin in obese subjects. The findings of this study indicate the fact that in response to short‐term exercise, changes in serum adiponectin levels are independent of the leptin response.

scholarly journals 3199 Effect of OSAS on Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Risk in PCOS Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 39-39
Author(s):  
Lisa Underland ◽  
Lisa Kenigsberg ◽  
Ranaan Arens ◽  
Rubina Heptulla
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Clamp Study

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study seeks to evaluate the role of PCOS in insulin resistance and sleep apnea in adolescents. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 37 adolescent patients 13-21 with PCOS (27 obese, 11 lean), along with 8 controls ages 18-21 were recruited. Subjects underwent a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study and a proportion of the PCOS subjects also underwent polysomnography. Baseline parameters were compared and M/I (index of insulin sensitivity), and GIR were compared. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: M/I was only statistically significantly different between obese PCOS subjects vs control (0.056 vs 0.17, p=0.0061). GIR was higher in the obese PCOS group compared to the lean PCOS group (2.48 vs 6.79, p=0.0001). There were no differences in GIR between the lean PCOS subjects and control (6.79 vs 9.08, p=0.30). 21 obese PCOS subjects and 10 lean PCOS underwent polysomnography. None of the lean PCOS subjects had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). 8 of the obese subjects had OSA. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: More studies are needed to assess insulin sensitivity and sleep apnea in adolescents with lean PCOS. Our study did not find more insulin resistance in adolescents with PCOS compared to lean controls apart from what would be expected from obesity. Of adolescent obese subjects with PCOS, OSA seems quite prevalent and providers should consider screening and referral for these patients.

scholarly journals Validation of a commercially available SARS-CoV-2 serological Immunoassay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Meyer ◽  
Giulia Torriani ◽  
Sabine Yerly ◽  
Lena Mazza ◽  
Adrien Calame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractObjectivesTo validate the diagnostic accuracy of a Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA immunoassay for COVID-19.MethodsIn this unmatched (1:1) case-control validation study, we used sera of 181 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and 176 controls collected before SARS-CoV-2 emergence. Diagnostic accuracy of the immunoassay was assessed against a whole spike protein-based recombinant immunofluorescence assay (rIFA) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Discrepant cases between ELISA and rIFA were further tested by pseudo-neutralization assay.ResultsCOVID-19 patients were more likely to be male and older than controls, and 50.3% were hospitalized. ROC curve analyses indicated that IgG and IgA had high diagnostic accuracies with AUCs of 0.992 (95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 0.986-0.996) and 0.977 (95%CI: 0.963-0.990), respectively. IgG assays outperformed IgA assays (p=0.008). Taking an assessed 15% inter-assay imprecision into account, an optimized IgG ratio cut-off > 1.5 displayed a 100% specificity (95%CI: 98–100) and a 100% positive predictive value (95%CI: 97-100). A 0.5 cut-off displayed a 97% sensitivity (95%CI: 93–99) and a 97% negative predictive value (95%CI: 93–99). Substituting these thresholds for the manufacturer’s, improved assay performance, leaving 12% of IgG ratios indeterminate between 0.5-1.5.ConclusionsThe Euroimmun assay displays a nearly optimal diagnostic accuracy using IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples, with no obvious gains from IgA serology. The optimized cut-offs are fit for rule-in and rule-out purposes, allowing determination of whether individuals in our study population have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or not. IgG serology should however not be considered as a surrogate of protection at this stage.

scholarly journals Intra-abdominal pressure for predicating extubation failure in mechanically ventilated patients: it does work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Junjun Zou ◽  
Beilei Zhang ◽  
Feifei Cui ◽  
Meifen Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Extubation Failure ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Length Of Icu Stay ◽  
Ventilated Patients

IntroductionReducing the extubation failure is vital to the early recovery of patients with mechanical ventilation(MV). We aimed to explore the predictive value of the change of intra-abdominal pressure(ΔIAP) before extubation on the extubation failure in MV patients.Material and methodsPatients undergone MV for more than 24 hours were selected. We used a urodynamic monitor to measure ΔIAP 30 minutes before extubation. The characteristics and prognosis of MV patients were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of ΔIAP for extubation failure.ResultsA total of 173 MV patients were included. The risks of extubation failure increased with the decrease of ΔIAP. The risk of extubation failure in ΔIAP≤21mmHg group was 5.7 times that of the ΔIAP≥38mmHg group (OR 5.7, 95%CI 1.5-22.0), the risk of extubation failure in ΔIAP 22～37 mmHg group was 3.8 times that of the ΔIAP≥38mmHg group (OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.0-15.3). The area under the curve (AUC) predicted by ΔIAP for extubation failure was 0.721, the cutoff value was 31mmHg with 82.8% sensitivity and 48.6% specificity. There were no significant differences in the duration of MV, length of ICU stay, and death in ICU of the three groups of patients (all P>0.05).ConclusionsThe ΔIAP has good reference value for predicting extubation failure, which is negatively correlated with the risk of extubation failure in patients with MV. For MV patients with ΔIAP≤31mmHg, they may have higher risk of extubation failure, early alert and interventions are highlighted for those patients.

scholarly journals INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN LEPTIN & OBESITY

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD SHAFIQUE ◽  
HABIBULLAH QURESHI ◽  
FAIZA SAJID
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Obese Subjects

Objective: Excess body weight is the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden ofdisease worldwide. The circulating leptins have been found to play a vital role in the regulation of appetite,glucose homeostasis and body fat. Therefore, this study was designed to measure serum leptin and insulinresistance in non obese and obese young adults and to correlate them with obesity parameters: body massindex, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and metabolic indices.Methods: A total of 43 non- obese subjects, 20 male and 23 female aged 20- 25 years and 46 obese subjects,25 male and 21 female with age 28- 37 years were studied. All subjects selected for study were normotensiveand non-diabetic. Variables measured were Body Mass Index (BMI), waist to hip ratio(WHR), bloodpressure, serum leptin, insulin, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lipid profile.Results: Serum leptin was significantly higher in females than males 8.8 ± 2.10 SEM and 2.2 ± 0.26 ng/mlSEM respectively in non-obese.As well, Serum leptin was significantly higher in females than males 23.0 ±3.98 SEM and 12.5 ± 2.24 ng/ml SEM respectively in obese group. Serum leptin was significantly higher inobese males, and obese females compared to non- obese subjects. Serum leptin significantly, and positivelycorrelated with BMI (r = 0.440), hip circumference (r =0.425), insulin (r = 0.334), and homeostasis Model ofAssessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)r= 0.334 whereas HOMA-IR positively correlated with BMI,waist Circumference, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL-Cholesterol ratioand negatively correlated with HDL-Cholesterol.Conclusions: Serum leptin levels increase with obesity, and are higher in females in both non-obese andobese individuals. Serum leptin significantly correlated with hip circumference. Increased serum leptin,especially in obese subjects, should be taken as a warning sign of energy imbalance, poor diet,hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, or changes in other metabolic risk factors that are stronglyassociated with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Key words: Anthropometry, body mass index, insulin resistance, leptin, obesity,

scholarly journals Predictive factors for difficult mask ventilation in the obese surgical population

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cattano ◽  
Anastasia Katsiampoura ◽  
Ruggero M. Corso ◽  
Peter V. Killoran ◽  
Chunyan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Mask Ventilation ◽  
Difficult Mask Ventilation ◽  
Two Factors

BackgroundDifficult Mask Ventilation (DMV), is a situation in which it is impossible for an unassisted anesthesiologist to maintain oxygen saturation >90% using 100% oxygen and positive pressure ventilation to prevent or reverse signs of inadequate ventilation during mask ventilation.  The incidence varies from 0.08 – 15%. Patient-related anatomical features are by far the most significant cause.  We analyzed data from an obese surgical population (BMI> 30 kg/m2) to identify specific risk and predictive factors for DMV.MethodsFive hundred and fifty seven obese patients were identified from a database of 1399 cases associated with preoperative airway examinations where mask ventilation was attempted. Assessment of mask ventilation in this group was stratified by a severity score (0-3), and a step-wise selection method was used to identify independent predictors.  The area under the curve of the receiver-operating-characteristic was then used to evaluate the model’s predictive value. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.ResultsDMV was observed in 80/557 (14%) patients. Three independent predictive factors for DMV in obese patients were identified: age 49 years, short neck, and neck circumference  43 cm. In the current study th sensitivity for one factor is 0.90 with a specificity 0.35. However, the specificity increased to 0.80 with inclusion of more than one factor.ConclusionAccording to the current investigation, the three predictive factors are strongly associated with DMV in obese patients. Each independent risk factor alone provides a good screening for DMV and two factors substantially improve specificity. Based on our analysis, we speculate that the absence of at least 2 of the factors we identified might have a significant negative predictive value and can reasonably exclude DMV, with a negative likelihood ratio 0.81.

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