The World Health Organization (WHO) versus The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their associated maternal and neonatal outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Iftida Basri ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
Shuhaila Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim ◽  
Lim Pei Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
International Association ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Iadpsg Criteria ◽  
The World ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of GDM using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria in our population. We further compared the incidence of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women diagnosed with GDM using these criteria and determined whether the IADPSG criteria is suitable in our population. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted at our antenatal clinic involving 520 patients from 1st February 2015 until 30th September 2017. They were randomized into the WHO and the IADPSG groups. All eligible women underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g glucose, their fasting and 2 h post prandial glucose levels were taken. The primary outcome was the prevalence of GDM. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of primary cesarean section, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, preterm delivery <37 weeks, fetal macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia and shoulder dystocia or birth injury. Results The prevalence of GDM in both groups were similar (37.9% vs. 38.6%). GDM women in the WHO group had a significantly higher incidence of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia (p = 0.004) and neonatal hypoglycemia (p = 0.042). In contrast, GDM women in the IADPSG group had a significantly higher incidence of fetal macrosomia (p = 0.027) and cesarean section (p = 0.012). Conclusion The IADPSG diagnostic criteria for GDM may not be suitable for use in our population as it resulted in women being diagnosed later and being undertreated, thus leading to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Useful links

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Navneet Kapur ◽  
Robert Goldney
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Social Care ◽  
International Association ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
International Academy

With the increasing recognition of suicide as a major health and social care issue, many suicide prevention organisations have been established locally, nationally and internationally. This chapter includes a number of links to the most prominent of these, but the list is indicative rather than exhaustive. These include the International Association for Suicide Prevention, the International Academy of Suicide Research, the Samaritans, the World Health Organization, and national suicide prevention organizations from across the world.

scholarly journals Obstetric practices performed by nurse-midwives of a hospital natural birth center

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Manoela dos Santos Freitas ◽  
Nádia Zanon Narchi ◽  
Rosa Aurea Quintella Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Neonatal Complications ◽  
Birth Center ◽  
Natural Birth ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Nurse Midwives ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Objectives: To characterize the practices used by nurse-midwives in a Natural Birth Center (NBC) and to verify the maternal and neonatal outcomes. Method: This was a cross-sectional, documentary, retrospective study with a quantitative approach in which the medical records of 300 parturients who gave birth in a state hospital in the city of São Paulo were analyzed. The categories of the World Health Organization (WHO) composed the criteria adopted for the analysis of the obstetric practices. Fisher's exact test or the likelihood ratio and Student t-test were used. Results: The nurse-midwives mostly used category A practices of the WHO. There were no statistically significant associations between practices and perineal outcomes. There was a statistically significant association between the weight of the newborn and the number of neonatal complications, as well as between the delivery position of the primiparous women and clavicle fractures of the newborns. Conclusion and Implications for the practice: Evidence-based practices were followed by the nurse-midwives in the NBC analyzed. The maternal and neonatal outcomes were adequate. There is a need to improve care in the second stage of the delivery in order to avoid behaviors that reflect in neonatal complications. The study makes it possible to reflect on the importance of the continuous evaluation of the care provided.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF USE OF ANALGESICS IN PAIN MANAGEMENT AMONG SURGEONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Jayshree Dawane ◽  
Kalyani Khade ◽  
Yamini Ingale ◽  
Vijaya Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate pain and to assess if analgesic prescriptions are according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Surgery in a tertiary care hospital. Patients with age >18 years, of either sex, admitted to surgery ward were included in the study. Pain assessment was done using a visual analog scale and McGill questionnaire. Information obtained from case paper sheets was recorded, such as name of analgesics, the generic name of prescribed analgesics, dosage, route of administration, frequency, number of analgesics per prescription, and non-pharmacological techniques. Data generated from the questionnaire were entered into an Excel sheet, and percentages were calculated. Results: A total of eight different analgesics were prescribed in the study group. Paracetamol was the maximally prescribed drug (40%). In 48% of cases, antacids were given along with analgesics. A majority of analgesics were prescribed in generic names (52%). No drug was prescribed to almost 18% cases even though the pain intensity was of mild-to-moderate intensity. Conclusion: Commonly prescribed drugs were paracetamol + tramadol. Prescription pattern of analgesics is partially deviating from standard guidelines. Generic names were written in the majority of prescriptions, which is in accordance with standard prescription writing.

scholarly journals Report of Positive Placental Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic Pregnant Woman with COVID-19

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Ferraiolo ◽  
Fabio Barra ◽  
Chiara Kratochwila ◽  
Michele Paudice ◽  
Valerio Gaetano Vellone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
The World ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Fetal Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Conclusive Data

Currently, limited data on maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with infection and pneumonia related to SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are available. Our report aims to describe a case of placental swabs positive for the molecular research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 RNA in an asymptomatic woman with positive rhino-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 who underwent an urgent cesarean section in our obstetrics unit. Sample collection, processing, and laboratory testing were conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidance. In the next months, conclusive data on obstetrical outcomes concerning the gestational age and pregnancy comorbidity as well as the eventual maternal–fetal transmission are needed.

scholarly journals RESULTADOS MATERNOS E NEONATAIS EM CENTRO DE PARTO NORMAL INTRA-HOSPITALAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Soares Teixeira ◽  
Valdelize Elvas Pinheiro ◽  
Iracema Da Silva Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Perineal Laceration ◽  
Birth Center ◽  
Hospital Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes

Objetivo: descrever os resultados maternos e neonatais da assistência no Centro de Parto Normal Intra-hospitalar da Maternidade Balbina Mestrinho em Manaus. Método: pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, onde realizou-se a análise de 378 (74,85%) prontuários de partos assistidos entre setembro de 2014 a 2016. Resultados: A maioria das parturientes (50,79%) era jovem, entre 18 e 25 anos e multíparas (74,86%), permaneceram em média 03 horas e 14 minutos em trabalho de parto e acompanhadas (97,35%). Obteve-se uma taxa de episiotomia de 8,46% e laceração perineal de 52,37% predominando as de primeiro grau (38,62%). A maioria dos recém-nascidos permaneceu em contato pele a pele (86,60%) e foi realizado o clampeamento tardio do cordão umbilical (77,78%). A média do Apgar no primeiro minuto fora de 8,72 e no quinto minuto 9,76. Conclusões: Os resultados condizem com o que preconiza o Ministério da Saúde e a Organização Mundial de Saúde.Descritores: enfermagem obstétrica; parto humanizado; políticas públicas de saúdeMATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOMES AT THE IN-HOSPITAL BIRTH CENTERObjective: to describe the maternal and neonatal outcomes of the care provided at the In-hospital birth center. Method: an exploratory, descriptive study with quantitative approach where the analysis of 378 (74,85%) birth assisted medical records was performed from September 2014 to September 2016. Results: the majority of parturients (50,79%) was young, between 18 and 25 years old and multiparas (74,86%). The result obtained was an episiotomy rate of 8,46% and 52,37% of perineal laceration, predominating the first degree lacerations. The majority of newborns remains in skin-to-kin (86,60%) and was made the late clamping umbilical cord (77,78%). The average of Apgar’s rate was 8,72 in the first minute and 9,76 in the fifth. Conclusion: The results meet the guidelines adopted by the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization.Descriptors: obstetric nursing; humanizing delivery; public health policiesRESULTADOS MATERNOS Y NEONATALES EN CENTRO DE PARTO NORMAL INTRAHOSPITALARIOObjetivo: describir los resultados maternos y neonatales de cuidados en el Centro de Parto Normal Intrahospitalario de la Maternidad Balbina Mestrinho en Manaus. Método: estudio exploratorio descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo, que llevó a cabo el análisis de 378 (74.85%) de los nacimientos asistidos, registros a partir de septiembre de 2014 y 2016. Resultados: La mayoría de las madres (50,79%) eran joven entre 18 y 25 años de edad y multíparas (74,86%) eran, en promedio, 03 horas y 14 minutos y seguido de trabajo de parto acompañadas (97,35%). Obtenido como una tasa de episiotomías de 8,46% y 52,37% laceración perineal el predominio de primer grado (38,62%). La mayoría de los recién nacidos se mantuvieron en contacto con la piel (86,60%) y se llevó a cabo a finales de sujeción del cordón umbilical (77,78%). El promedio de Apgar en el primer minuto fuera de 8,72 y 9,76 en el quinto minuto. Conclusiones: Los resultados son consistentes con la recomendada por el Ministerio de Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud.Descriptores: enfermeria obstetricia; parto humanizado; las políticas de salud pública

scholarly journals Shedding of Vaccine Viruses with Increased Antigenic and Genetic Divergence after Vaccination of Newborns with Monovalent Type 1 Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
pp. 8693-8704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine van der Sanden ◽  
Mark A. Pallansch ◽  
Jan van de Kassteele ◽  
Nasr El-Sayed ◽  
Roland W. Sutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Oral Poliovirus Vaccine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT For the final stages in the eradication of poliovirus type 1 (P1), the World Health Organization advocates the selective use of monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine (mOPV1). To compare the immunogenicity of mOPV1 with that of trivalent OPV (tOPV) in infants, a study was performed in Egypt in 2005. Newborns were vaccinated with mOPV1 or tOPV immediately after birth and were challenged with mOPV1 after 1 month. Vaccination with mOPV1 at birth resulted in significantly higher seroconversion against P1 viruses and lower excretion of P1 viruses than vaccination with tOPV. Intratypic differentiation of the viruses shed by the newborns revealed the presence of remarkably high numbers of antigenically divergent (AD) P1 isolates, especially in the mOPV1 study group. The majority of these AD P1 isolates (71%) were mOPV1 challenge derived and were shed by newborns who did not seroconvert to P1 after the birth dose. Genetic characterization of the viruses revealed that amino acid 60 of the VP3 region was mutated in all AD P1 isolates. Isolates with substitution of residue 99 of the VP1 region had significantly higher numbers of nonsynonymous mutations in the VP1 region than isolates without this substitution and were preferentially shed in the mOPV1 study group. The widespread use of mOPV1 has proven to be a powerful tool for fighting poliovirus circulation in the remaining areas of endemicity. This study provides another justification for the need to achieve high vaccination coverage in order to prevent the circulation of AD strains.

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