scholarly journals Beneficiation of phosphate-siliceous slates via acetic acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerkebulan Raiymbekov ◽  
Uilesbek Besterekov ◽  
Perizat Abdurazova ◽  
Ulzhalgas Nazarbek ◽  
Galiya Kambarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Diffusion Region ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract Low grade phosphate-siliceous slates dump samples (about 11.98% P2O5) from Zhanatas deposit, Karatau basin, Kazakhstan were subjected to upgrading in the present study. The suggested upgrading route was to get rid of most of the inorganic carbonates via leaching using organic acids like acetic acid. The effect of leaching temperature, dissolution time, and solid/liquid ratio were studied as the main determental working parameters. It was concluded that a concentrate product containing about 21% P2O5 was produced after leaching with acetic acid at optimum conditions: 30 C0, 15 min, and 3:1 liquid/solid ratio. The calculated apparent activation energy of the leaching process showed that the process took place in the intra-diffusion region.

scholarly journals Extraction of Titanium from Low-Grade Ore with Different Leaching Agents in Autoclave

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Mario H. Rodriguez ◽  
Gustavo D. Rosales ◽  
Eliana G. Pinna ◽  
Fernando M. Tunez ◽  
Norman Toro
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid

The progressive depletion of primary sources to obtain metals has led to the search for alternative sources for their recovery. In the particular case of titanium, titaniferous sands are a viable option for obtaining this metal. This paper presents the results of the dissolution of titanium from titaniferous sands of Buenos Aires province (Argentina) in a laboratory autoclave (450 mL of capacity). The operating parameters studied were as follows: different acids (HF, H2SO4 and mixtures of these acids); leaching agent concentration, 5–20% v/v; temperature, 75–150 °C; time, 30–180 min; solid–liquid ratio, 0.9–3.6% w/v; stirring speed, 110–550 rpm. The obtained results indicate that the increase in the leaching agent(s) concentration, temperature and time of contact with the acid mixtures have a marked effect on the dissolution reaction of titanium. Optimal conditions to achieve 89% extraction of titanium were obtained by leaching at 123 °C, 330 rpm, 80 min and 1.8% w/v with a mixture of 15% HF (v/v) and 10% H2SO4 (v/v).

Biocatalytic and chemical leaching of a low-grade nickel laterite ore

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Ciftci ◽  
Suleyman Atik ◽  
Fatma Gurbuz
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Chemical Leaching ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Nickel Laterite Ore ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laterite Ore

Nickel and cobalt recovery from a low-grade nickel laterite ore, supplied from Çaldağ deposit (Manisa, Turkey) were investigated by bio and chemical leaching processes. The fungus, Aspergillus niger was used for biocatalytic leaching experiments. The effects of parameters (solid ratio and sucrose concentration) on the biocatalytic leaching of the ore were initially tested in flasks to obtain the optimum conditions for the A. niger. Then chemical leaching was applied as a comparison to bioleaching, using organic acids (citric, oxalic, acetic and gluconic acids) as well as a mixture of acids. According the results, the maximum dissolution yield of nickel, cobalt and iron were detected respectively as 95.3%, 74.3% and 50.0% by biocatalytic processes which containing 25% (w/v) sucrose and 1% (w/v) solids. The increase in the solid ratio adversely influenced the biocatalytic activity of A. niger. Finally, further tests in reactors (v = 1 and 10 L) were performed using the optimum conditions from the flask tests. The difference in metals recovery between biocatalytic and chemical leaching was significantly important. Bioleaching produced higher Ni and Co extractions (34.3–75.6%) than chemical process.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Crude Pollen

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea Oroian ◽  
Florin Ursachi ◽  
Florina Dranca
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Process ◽  
Solid Liquid

The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from crude pollen by an ultrasonic process. Prior to the polyphenols extraction, the crude pollen was defatted. The extraction from defatted pollen was carried out by varying four extraction parameters: ultrasonic amplitude (20%, 60% and 100%), solid/liquid ratio (10 g/L, 20 g/L and 30 g/L), temperature (35, 50 and 65 °C) and time (10, 20 and 30 min). The extracts were analyzed in terms of extraction yield (%), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavones content (TFC). The extracted oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids composition; myristic acid (159.1 µg × g−1) and cis-14-pentadecenoic acid (106.6 µg·g−1) were found in the highest amount in the pollen oil. The optimum conditions of extraction were determined and were, as follows: 100% amplitude of ultrasonic treatment, 30 g/L solid/liquid ratio, 40.85 °C and 14.30 min, which led to the extraction of 366.1 mg GAE/L of TPC and 592.2 mg QE/g of TFC, and also to an extraction yield of 1.92%.

Research on Extraction of Proanthocyanidin from Peanut Skin by Aspergillus niger Fermentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2499-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Shu Zhang ◽  
Qing Li Yang ◽  
Ke Jia ◽  
Zhi Qiang Liu ◽  
Li Na Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Solid Liquid

The cell wall of peanut skin was destroyed by cellulase enzymolysis from peanut skin fermentation, which was beneficial to extract proanthocyanidin. The extraction conditions of proanthocyanidin from fermented peanut skin were studied according to orthogonal experiment based on single factor experiments. And the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 40min, extraction temperature 55°C, Concentrations of ethanol 45%, solid-liquid ratio 1:15. The extraction rate was 16.17 %.

Study on the Extraction and Stability of Strawberry Red Pigment

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1886-1890
Author(s):  
Fei Long Sun ◽  
Zhang Peng Li ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Yong Fan ◽  
Yan Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Solid Liquid

Natural pigments have raised a growing interest due to their extensive range of colors, innocuous and beneficial health effects. In this paper, the extraction process and stability of strawberry red pigment were studied. An orthogonal test [L16(4)4] was applied to get the best extraction conditions. Results showed that the optimum conditions were that the extraction temperature was 65C, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:5 (g/mL), the ratio of 1.5mol/L hydrochloride to 97.5% ethanol was 3:17 (mL/mL), and the extraction time was 4.5 hours. The effects of heat treatment, oxidant, sugar and preservatives on the stability of strawberry red pigment were also discussed. The stability of strawberry red pigment was found to be affected by high temperature, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium sorbate. This study is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of strawberry red pigment.

Investigation on the Beneficiation of Low-Grade Manganese Ore in Sichuan

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Mu ◽  
Jian Hua Chen ◽  
Xing Yu Yin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Leaching Experiments

Flotation, magnetic separation and leaching experiments have been carried out for the beneficiation of low-grade manganese ore. The results indicated that flotation and magnetic separation could improve the grade of Mn concentrate while the recovery was lower. Better recovery of Mn could be achieved by leaching on optimum conditions, 91.78% of Mn could be recovered by 30 minutes leaching with 25g of sulphuric acid at the liquid/solid ratio of 3:1.

Optimize the Process that choose the Acetic Acid to Pretreat the Straw Biomass of Raw Materials which Used to Photosynthetic Hydrogen Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 534-539
Author(s):  
Dan Ping Jiang ◽  
Quan Guo Zhang ◽  
Xiang Wei Shen ◽  
Jiang Zhi Yue ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

The main purpose of the pretreatment of straw raw materials which used to produce hydrogen is to remove lignin and hemicellulose, reduce the degree of crystallinity of cellulose, as well as improve the porosity of the matrix is the key technology of cellulose into hydrogen,which designed to improve the materials, low the production costs. This paper mainly studies how to process the optimization that used Straw biomass of raw materials which pretreated with acetic acid to hydrogen production. To optimize the process of pretreatment of acetic acid. separat the rate of sugar yield as the ability of straw biomass of raw materials to product hydrogen, The results show that: when the particle size of the agriculture as a straw is straw with 25% acetic acid used and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:20, to pretreat 30min at 121 °C, can get the highest sugar rate.

Studying on Leaching Low Grade Copper Oxide Ore in the System of NH4CO3-H2O

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 1083-1087
Author(s):  
Ying Bo Mao ◽  
Jian Jun Fang ◽  
Ya Wen ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Wen Juan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Leaching Test ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Stirring Intensity

Leaching test on the Oxidized Copper Ore coming from Dishui, XinJiang Province is studied in the NH4CO3-H2O system；Systematic studies are made to show the effects of various factors on the leaching rate of copper. The optimum conditions for leaching is finally confirmed, namely the grinding size is 85% of -0.074mm, concentration of Ammonium carbonate 2mol/L, temperature 45°C, solid to liquid ratio 3:1, stirring intensity 300r/min and leaching time 1.5h. Ultimately, the leaching rate of Cu could reach more than 87%.

Process Optimization of Hemicelluloses Lye Extraction from Sugarcane Bagasse

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 1206-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jun Wang ◽  
Xin Liang Liu ◽  
Meng Ling Weng ◽  
Zhou Jun Li ◽  
Fu Sheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sugarcane bagasses were used as raw materials to produce the hemicelluloses, and the effects of temperature, alkali consumption, time and liquid to solid ratio on the extraction yield of hemicelluloses were investigated. Through the analysis of the response surface method, results were concluded that the best extraction process conditions were as follows: NaOH concentration 10.60%, extraction time 4.34 h, solid-liquid ratio 1:40.59, actual extraction rate is 31.486%, corresponding to the model prediction 31.4447% basically.

Study on the Preparation of Activated Carbons with Baijiu Vinasse

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 669-673
Author(s):  
Ling Lin Chen ◽  
Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Solid Liquid

Activated carbons were prepared with Baijiu vinasse in this study. The response surface method was used to optimize the process parameters of NaOH solution boiling treatment to extract the protein in Baijiu vinasse. Ascertaining the optimum conditions that NaOH solution concentration is 2.5mol/L, treating time is 2hours and solid-liquid ratio is 1:4. So the protein retention rate is 1.116%.The methods of ZnCl2 chemical activation and high temperature calcination activation were used to prepare activated carbons. Under the optimum conditions of ZnCl2 concentration 50%, solid-liquid ratio 1:2, calcination time 120min, calcination temperature 600°C, the methylene blue adsorption reaches to 208mg/g.

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