The effect of operating parameters of hydrodynamic cavitation – assisted alkaline catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol on the degree of triglyceride conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borivoj K. Adnađević ◽  
Ivan R. Nikolić ◽  
Svetozar A. Milenković ◽  
Jelena D. Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Number Of Passes

Abstract The effect of operating parameters such as reaction mixture inlet pressure p 1 (101.3–1013.2 kPa), methanol to oil molar ratio M 1 (3–12), the concentration of catalyst C c (0.0–1.0 wt%), temperature T (25–50 °C) and the number of passes of the reaction mixture through the venturi type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor n (1–12) on alkali-catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation (ACTC) on the value of the degree of triglyceride conversion (DTC) was investigated. ACTC was performed by the venturi-type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (VCR) of our construction. It was found that the values of DTC increase with the increase in p 1, M 1, C c, and n, and decrease with the increase in T. Cavitation yield (CY) values were calculated. The ACTC was proved to be the simplest, fastest, and most highly energy-efficient current technology for the production of biodiesel.

scholarly journals The Effect of Operating Parameters of Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of Sunflower Oil With Methanol in the Presence of the Cosolvent Assisted by Hydrodynamic Cavitation on the Degree of Triglyceride Conversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Nikolić ◽  
Jelena Jovanović ◽  
Biljana Koturević ◽  
Borivoj Adnadjević
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Independent Variation ◽  
Number Of Passes

Abstract Method of independent variation of the value of one operating parameter has been used to investigate the effect of operating parameters on alkali-catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol in presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as cosolvent, assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation (ACTC) on the value of the degree of triglyceride conversion (DTC). ACTC was performed by a venturi-type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (VCR) of our construction. To determine the effect of ACTC on DTC following operating parameters were varied: reaction mixture inlet pressure (p1) from 202.3 kPa to 1013.2 kPa; methanol to oil molar ratio (M1) from M1=3 to M1=12; concentration of catalyst (Cc) from 0.3wt% to 1.5wt%; methanol to THF molar ratio (M2) from M2=1.25 to M2=2.0; temperature (T) from 20°C to 55°C, number of passes through the VCR (n) from n=1 to n=10. It was found, based on the obtained results, that: a) the values of DTC increase with the increase in p1, M1, Cc, and n, b) the values of the DTC decrease with the increase in T and c) maximum values of the DTC are obtained at Cc=1.0~1.1wt% and M2=1.5.

scholarly journals Treatment of fish processing industry wastewater using hydrodynamic cavitational reactor with biodegradability improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2310-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Dhanke ◽  
Sameer Wagh ◽  
Abhijeet Patil
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Processing Plants

Abstract Water generated from the fish processing industry is contaminated with organic matter. This organic matter present in wastewater increases the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A new technology, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is used to deal with this wastewater produced in fish processing plants. The orifice plate is used in the HC reactor to generate a cavitation effect. The intensification of this technique was carried out with the help of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TiO2. The treatment of this wastewater is reported in terms of percent degradation in BOD and COD and in biodegradability index (BI). Operating parameters like inlet pressure, pH, operating temperature and H2O2 doses were used to find the optimum condition. 15 g/L of H2O2 gave 69.5% reduction of COD in the 120 min of treatment that also increases BI value to 0.93 at inlet pressure 8 bar, Plate-5, temperature (30 °C), and pH 4. In the ultrasonic cavitation (UC) reactor, COD reduction is 68.7% without TiO2 and with TiO2 it is 71.2%. Also, this HC and UC reactor reduced CFU count to a great extent at the same operating conditions.

scholarly journals To the issue of energy efficiency of using frequency-controlled centrifugal pump units

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 03017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dmitriev ◽  
Vyacheslav Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Variable Frequency Drive ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Pumping Units

The expediency of using a variable frequency drive for pumping units was repeatedly proved both from the point of view of the economic component and the technological one. However, the construction of automatic control systems for the operating parameters of pumping stations is mainly based on maintaining the pressure setpoint and does not include monitoring the efficiency of the aggregates working in the group and, the more so, its regulation. In this paper, an algorithm is developed for the energy efficient management of centrifugal pump units, which allows not only maintaining the pressure setpoint, but also optimizing their efficiency.

scholarly journals Triethanolamine as an efficient cosolvent for biodiesel production by CaO-catalyzed sunflower oil ethanolysis: An optimization study

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Djokic-Stojanovic ◽  
Zoran Todorovic ◽  
Dragan Troter ◽  
Olivera Stamenkovic ◽  
Ljiljana Veselinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Calcium Leaching ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Purification Stage

Triethanolamine was applied as an efficient ?green? cosolvent for biodiesel production by CaO-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil. The reaction was conducted in a batch stirred reactor and optimized with respect to the reaction temperature (61.6-78.4?C), the ethanol-to-oil molar ratio (7:1-17:1) and the cosolvent loading (3-36 % of the oil weight) by using a rotatable central composite design (RCCD) combined with the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal reaction conditions were found to be: the ethanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, the reaction temperature of 75?C and the cosolvent loading of 30 % to oil weight, which resulted in the predicted and actual fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) contents of 98.8 % and 97.9?1.3 %, respectively, achieved within only 20 min of the reaction. Also, high FAEE contents were obtained with expired sunflower oil, hempseed oil and waste lard. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to understand the changes in the CaO phase. The CaO catalyst can be used without any treatment in two consecutive cycles. Due to the calcium leaching into the product, an additional purification stage must be included in the overall process.

Immobilization of Eversa Lipases on Hydrophobic Supports for Production of Oleate Esters Solvent-Free

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Fernandez-Lorente ◽  
Daniela Remonatto ◽  
J. Vladimir Oliveira ◽  
J. Manuel Guisan ◽  
Débora Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immobilized Biocatalyst ◽  
Hydrophobic Supports

Abstract Lipases are an important group of biocatalysts for many industrial applications. Two new commercial low-cost lipases Eversa® Transform and Eversa® Transform 2.0 was immobilized on four different hydrophobic supports: Lewatit-DVB, Purolite-DVB, Sepabeads-C18, and Purolite-C18. The performance of immobilized lipases was investigated in the transesterification of sunflower oil solvent-free in an anhydrous medium. Interesting results were obtained for both lipases and the four supports, but with Sepabeads support the lipases Eversa showed high catalytic activity. However, the more stable and efficient derivative was Eversa® Transform immobilized on Sepabeads C-18. A 98 wt% of ethyl ester of fatty acid (FAEE) was obtained, in 3 hours at 40ºC, ethanol/sunflower oil molar ratio of 3:1 and a 10 wt% of the immobilized biocatalyst. After 6 reaction cycles, the immobilized biocatalyst preserved 70 wt% of activity. Both lipases immobilized in Sepabeads C-18 were highly active and stable in the presence of ethanol. The immobilization of Eversa Transform and Eversa Transform 2.0 in hydrophobic supports described in this study appears to be a promising alternative to the immobilization and application of these news lipases still unexplored.

scholarly journals The removal of Rhodamine B by H2O2 or ClO2 combined with hydrodynamic cavitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1571-1580
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Ri-ya Jin ◽  
Yi-na Qiao ◽  
Zeng-di He ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract Rhodamine B (RhB), widely used as an industrial dye, is a toxic organic that is hazardous to human health and can cause water pollution. In this study, the removal rate of RhB was investigated by the following methods: hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) operated individually, and HC combined with oxidants H2O2 or ClO2. The effect of different operating parameters including pressure (2–6 bar) and initial pH (2–8) on the extent of degradation was investigated using an orifice plate as the cavitation device to achieve maximum removal of RhB. Under the parameters of HC, the effect of different loadings was investigated: H2O2 (n(RhB):n(H2O2) was varied from 1:17.60 to 1:211.28) and ClO2 (n(RhB):n(ClO2) was varied from 1:8.87 to 1:177.53). A combination of cavitation and H2O2 or ClO2 resulted in degradations of 80.6% and 95.3%. The results indicated that the combination of HC and oxidants was better than the individual HC process for the degradation of RhB. When combining HC with H2O2 or ClO2, the synergistic coefficients of 62.54 and 74.79 were obtained. The combination of HC and ClO2 was proven to be more effective for the removal of RhB compared to HC alone and the hybrid process of HC and H2O2.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Assisted Synthesis of Nanocalcite

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirish H. Sonawane ◽  
Sarang P. Gumfekar ◽  
Kunal H. Kate ◽  
Satish P. Meshram ◽  
Kshitij J. Kunte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Reactor Geometry

A systematic study was made on the synthesis of nanocalcite using a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. The effects of various parameters such as diameter and geometry of orifice,CO2flow rate, andCa(OH)2concentration were investigated. It was observed that the orifice diameter and its geometry had significant effect on the carbonation process. The reaction rate was significantly faster than that observed in a conventional carbonation process. The particle size was significantly affected by the reactor geometry. The results showed that an orifice with 5 holes of 1 mm size resulted in the particle size reduction to 37 nm. The experimental investigation reveals that hydrodynamic cavitation may be more energy efficient.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production using Synthesized HY Zeolite Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Dr. Ban A. Al-Tabbakh ◽  
Sattar J. Hussein ◽  
Zena A. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hy Zeolite ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Acid Esterification

Biodiesel was produced using oleic acid esterification and transesterification of the sunflower oil methods. Many different factors affecting production procedures were studied such as reaction temperature, the molar ratio of ethanol to oil, reaction time and concentration of HY catalyst. Different techniques such as TGA, FTIR and Mass spectroscopy were used to syntheses biodiesel. Results showed that 78% of oleic acid maximum conversion was obtained at a temperature of 70oC with molar ratio 12:1 ethanol: oil with 5 wt.% catalysts at 90 min reaction time, while for sunflower oil conversion of 98% at 200oC with 5 weight ratio of ethanol: oil at a time of 3 h was successfully obtained.

scholarly journals Synergistic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation in Combination with Hydrogen Peroxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
Synergistic Degradation ◽  
H2o2 System

p-Nitrophenol (PNP), a widely utilized intermediate, is a persistent pollutant present in industrial effluent streams. The inherent toxicity of PNP necessitates its treatment before releasing it in the environment. The conventional approach pertaining to degradation of PNP is based on chemical and biological methods for decomposition. Alternatively, Hydrodynamic Cavitation (HC) is emerging as a promising technology for waste water treatment. This study investigates HC as an alternative technology to degrade PNP and subsequently enhance efficiency by varying involved parameters. The HC-H2O2 system is reported to exhibit synergism for pollutant oxidation, the applicability of which is also investigated for degrading PNP. A PNP solution of fixed concentration was subjected to HC using a circular Venturi. Degradation was studied by varying time, pressure, pH and H2O2 concentration. Decompostion of p- Nitrophenol was quantified by UV-Visible Spectroscopy at 405nm. Degradation of PNP was observed to be directly proportional to time at constant pressure and an initial increase in pressure led to higher degradation. However, on achieving a peak decomposition level, the extent of decomposition declined with further increase in pressure. Experiments done at acidic pH resulted in over two times the decomposition than those done at basic pH. The PNP- H2O2 system exhibited 91% more degradation than the sum of degradations affected by PNP and H2O2 individually. Moreover, subjecting PNP:H2O2 in a molar ratio of 1:5 to HC resulted in near-complete (>95%) degradation. This study proposes variations of parameters for optimum decomposition of PNP using HC and explores the HC-H2O2 system as a promising alternative for the degradation PNP.

scholarly journals Influence of Operating Parameters on Photocatalytic Oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorofenol in Aqueous Solution by TiO2/Stainless Steel Photocatalytic Membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11664
Author(s):  
Liliana Bobirică ◽  
Constantin Bobirică ◽  
Giovanina Iuliana Lupu ◽  
Cristina Orbeci
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactor ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Working Solution

The influence of some operating parameters of an UV photocatalytic reactor with TiO2/stainless steel photocatalytic membrane on the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solutions was studied in this paper. It was shown that the pH of the working solution substantially influences the photocatalytic degradation of the organic substrate, with the degradation efficiency increasing with decreasing the pH of the working solution by a maximum corresponding to pH 3. The rate constant of the photocatalytic oxidation process is about twice as high at pH 3 comparative with pH 7 for the same initial concentration of the organic substrate. The molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide/organic substrate also influences the photocatalytic oxidation process of the organic substrate. The results obtained in this paper highlight the fact that a stoichiometric molar ratio is favorable for the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol. It has also been shown that the initial concentration of the organic substrate influences the rate of photocatalytic degradation. It appears that the rate of photocatalytic degradation decreases with the increasing of initial concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenol.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document