Effect of varietal differences on the oral processing behavior and bolus properties of cooked rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sethupathy ◽  
S. K. Sivakamasundari ◽  
Jeyan. A. Moses ◽  
Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Oral Processing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis research explored the impact of in-vivo oral processing on the bolus properties of three rice varieties [white ponni (WP), mappillai samba (MS), and basmati (B)] that were selected based on variations in the amylose content. The amylose and dry matter content of the WP, MS, and B were 4.67, 7.48, and 13.8(%) and 69.57, 60.09, and 70.47(%), respectively. Mastication features (bite-size, chewing time, and chew cycles), bolus properties (particle size distribution, bolus moisture content, rheology, and starch hydrolysis), time-dependent bolus features (rate of incorporation of saliva and saliva content) and, temporal dominance of sensation (TDS) of cooked rice were studied. Results confirmed the significance of oral processing on various bolus characteristics. Moreover, a pronounced correlation between the morphology of rice varieties and mastication features was observed. The structure and textural characteristics of the different rice varieties (MS, WP, B) showed considerable effects on the consumption time (25.7 s, 22.2 s, 17.8 s) and chewing cycles (34, 31, 23). Rate of saliva incorporation was relatively lesser for MS as compared with WP and B. Solid loss followed the trends WP > MS > B. The total starch content of cooked rice boluseswas WP (82.69 ± 0.01%), MS (79.49 ± 0.01%), and B (71.74 ± 0.01%). Further, texture – TDS and flavor – TDS of all varieties were found to be strongly dependent on textural attributes, composition, and oro-sensory perception. This study provides a significant understanding of the oral processing behavior of rice and its bolus, considering the effect of variations in amylose content, texture, and morphology.

scholarly journals Impact of Oral Mastication on the in vitro Digestibility of Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Rice Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1148-1160
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Oral Processing

The extent of starch hydrolysis and glycemic index (GI) of foods depends on how it is orally processed, but many in vitro digestion studies failed to consider the oral phase of digestion. This research aimed to understand the relationship between oral mastication and GI of rice. For this study, different rice varieties (pigmented and non-pigmented) were selected and analyzed for their physicochemical properties. The amylose content for all rice varieties was higher than 25%, with the starch content of 68.68 ± 0.70% - 81.60 ± 1.78%. Temporal dominance of sensation was determined for rice samples to understand the consumers' sensory preferences towards the pigmented rice varieties. In vivo oral mastication studies were also performed for the rice varieties, in which significant differences were observed amongst pigmented and non-pigmented rice samples. The particle size for pigmented rice varieties after in vivo oral mastication was significantly larger (50% particles greater than 2 mm; due to its intact morphology) than non-pigmented rice. The significant impact of oral processing on the GI of rice irrespective of the varieties was also observed in this study. Thus, this research sheds light on the need for oral processing for in vitro digestion studies.

scholarly journals Effect of year and irrigation on yield and quantity of different potato varieties

2006 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Babett Éva Ábrahám ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Consumption Habit ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

dramatically in the last few decades. We are lagging behind Western European countries as regards yields. The ecological conditions are not favourable for potato, but the low yields other causes: the use of non-suitable seed, the low level of irrigation and nutrient supply and out of date machinery. The competitiveness of production is further decreased by the great alternation in yields from year to year, unpredictable market conditions, poor consumption habit, and often the lack of quality products.The experiment was carried out at the experimental site of the University of Debrecen, Farm and Regional Research Institute, at Látókép. In our experiment, we examined the yield and selected quality parameters of 9 medium-early varieties in large parcels. Of the examined varieties, 3 are of Dutch, and 6 are of Hungarian breeding.The experiment was set up in 2004 and 2005, on 50 m2 parcels on calcareous chernozem soil after winter wheat (2004) and two rowed barley (2005) as a forecrop. The varieties were examined in 4 repetitions in randomized blocks, of which two repetitions were irrigated, and two were non-irrigated. We examined the yields of the varieties, the distribution of tubers according to size and their percentages and changes, and selected parameters of quality and chemical composition due to irrigation. We studied the dry matter content, the starch content, the underwater mass, the amount of reducing sugars, and the colour index of frying of the tubers.Summary, it can be stated that among the agrotechniques, year effect, variety and irrigation factors have considerable impact on potato yield quality and quantity. However, the impact of irrigation depends on the year effect.

Effect of Some Chemical Mutagens on Nutrient Compositions of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
I. E. Orji ◽  
M. J. Eka ◽  
P. I. Okocha
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Nutrient Compositions

Effects of sodium azide (SA) and colchicine (COL) (chemical mutagens) on some nutrient compositions of four varieties of sweetpotato (Butter milk, TIS87/0087, UMUSPO/3 and UMUSPO/1) were investigated at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the National Root Crops Research Institute Umudike, Nigeria. The parent plants were treated with sodium azide and colchicine mutagens at concentrations of 0%, 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.07%. Storage roots of the M2V2 generations from the mutant plants were used for the nutrient composition analysis using recommended standard procedures. Nutrient traits studied were: moisture content (%), dry matter content (%), amylose and amylopectin contents (%), starch yield (%), starch content % based on fresh weight and starch content % based on dry weight. Mutants with higher dry matter content than the control were observed in TIS87/0087 treated with SA and COL 0.03%. SA and COL 0.05% produced mutants with higher amylose content (and lower amylopectin) than the control in TIS87/0087. UMUSPO/3 treated with SA 0.03% and SA 0.05% produced mutants with higher values for amylose content (and lower values for amylopectin) than the control; the same variety treated with colchicine (COL 0.05%), recorded higher value for amylose content (and lower value for amylopectin) than the control. These findings showed that sodium azide and colchicine mutagens were potent in inducing variations in nutrient composition of sweetpotato.

scholarly journals Successive Harvests Modulate the Productive and Physiological Behavior of Three Genovese Pesto Basil Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Luigi Formisano ◽  
Michele Ciriello ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Marios C. Kyriacou ◽  
Youssef Rouphael
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
The Impact

In the Italian culinary tradition, young and tender leaves of Genovese basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) are used to prepare pesto sauce, a tasty condiment that attracts the interest of the food processing industry. Like other leafy or aromatic vegetables, basil is harvested more than once during the crop cycle to maximize yield. However, the mechanical stress induced by successive cuts can affect crucial parameters associated with pesto processing (leaf/stem ratio, stem diameter, and dry matter). Our research accordingly aimed to evaluate the impact of successive harvests on three field-grown Genovese basil cultivars (“Aroma 2”, “Eleonora” and “Italiano Classico”) in terms of production, physiological behavior, and technological parameters. Between the first and second harvest, marketable fresh yield and shoot dry biomass increased by 148.4% and 172.9%, respectively; by contrast, the leaf-to-stem ratio decreased by 22.5%, while the dry matter content was unchanged. The increased fresh yield and shoot dry biomass at the second harvest derived from improved photosynthetic efficiency, which enabled higher net CO2 assimilation, Fv/Fm and transpiration as well as reduced stomatal resistance. Our findings suggest that, under the Mediterranean environment, “Italiano Classico” carries superior productive performance and optimal technological characteristics in line with industrial requirements. These promising results warrant further investigation of the impact successive harvests may have on the qualitative components of high-yielding basil genotypes with respect to consumer expectations of the final product.

scholarly journals Use of New BTH Derivative as Supplement or Substitute of Standard Fungicidal Program in Strawberry Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Maciej Spychalski ◽  
Rafal Kukawka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesiński ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski ◽  
Monika Michalecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Amide Derivative ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Impact

Triggering the plant resistance induction phenomenon by chemical compounds, for example acibenzolar-S-methyl ester, has been known and described in scientific literature. Other benzothadiazole derivatives have been also described; however, their properties have not been sufficiently studied. The tested substance, N-methyl-N-methoxyamide-7-carboxybenzo(1.2.3)thiadiazole (BTHWA), is an amide derivative of benzothiadiazole, showing a stimulating effect on plant growth, apart from its plant resistance inducing activity. This article presents the impact of BTHWA, used solo and in the program with fungicides, on the strawberry plants development, fruits health, yield, and quality parameters of the crop. The results show that the combined use of BTHWA and fungicides had a positive impact on the plants health and fruit health and nutraceutical and nutritional composition of compounds when compared to the results obtained when strawberries were treated only with the BTHWA or the fungicide. As a result of BTHWA use, the partitioning of assimilates has changed, which directly translated into the results of the conducted experiments. A reduction in the respiration of the fruit during storage was also observed, possibly due to a reduced disease infestation and a lower dry matter content in the fruit. A correlation between the parameters determined during the experiment was found. The BTHWA mode of action was evidenced to be beneficial to strawberry plants and fruit.

scholarly journals Impact of Slope of Growing Trays on Productivity of Wheat Green Fodder by a Nutrient Film Technique System

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3009
Author(s):  
Andrius Grigas ◽  
Aurelija Kemzūraitė ◽  
Dainius Steponavičius ◽  
Aušra Steponavičienė ◽  
Rolandas Domeika
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Indoor Lighting ◽  
The Impact

Application of hydroponic systems in feed production has not been extensively studied. Therefore, there is insufficient data on the effect of the slope of hydroponic growing trays used in the nutrient film technique on wheat fodder yield and its qualitative parameters. The slope of the trays has only been studied for food crops. This study conducted experimental research using a nutrient film technique hydroponic fodder growing device to evaluate the impact of growing tray slope angle on hydroponic wheat fodder production. The slope angle of the growing trays was changed from 2.0% (1.15°) to 8.0% (4.57°) with increments of 1.5% (0.86°). This research used two different light sources for wheat sprout illumination: indoor lighting (fluorescent lamps) and light-emitting diode illumination. In addition, two nutrient solutions were used for sprout irrigation: tap water and a solution enriched with macro- and microelements. Experimental studies confirmed the hypothesis that the slope angle of growing trays significantly affects the yield of wheat fodder grown for seven days. Analyzing the results, we found that the highest yield of wheat fodder after seven days of cultivation was achieved with growing trays sloped by 6.5% and using indoor lighting. In addition, we achieved the highest wheat fodder dry matter content using a 6.5% slope angle. Experimental studies also confirmed the hypothesis that using macro- and micronutrients in the nutrient solution does not significantly affect the yield of wheat fodder grown hydroponically for seven days.

Relationship between intake of silage and its chemical composition and in vitro digestibility

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Brown ◽  
JC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Lactic Acids

Twenty experimental silages were made from seven pasture species at different stages of maturity. In vivo dry matter, organic matter, and energy ad libitum intakes and digestibilities of the silages were determined with standardized pairs of Merino wethers. The following chemical characteristics of the silages were measured: nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total titratable acids, acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids, total volatiles lost during oven drying, lactic acid as a percentage of the total organic acids, pH, acid pepsin dry matter disappearance, dry matter content, and in vitro digestibility and rate of digestion. When all 20 silages were considered, energy intakes on a body weight basis were significantly related to silage pH (r = 0.55) and rate of in vitro digestion (r = 0.58). When the five legume silages were removed from the analysis and only the 15 grass-dominant silages were considered, dry matter intakes were significantly related to acetic (r = –0.57) and propionic acid (r = –0.55) concentrations. Multiple regression analyses did not significantly increase the accuracy of predicting intake. The results suggested that silage intake was negatively related to the degree of fermentation that occurred during the ensiling process.

Effect of particle size on in vitro fermentation of silages differing in dry matter content

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 197-197
Author(s):  
R. Sanderson ◽  
S.J. Lister ◽  
A. Sargeant ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

The objectives of this study were a) to examine the effect of particle size and silage dry matter (DM) content on the rate and pattern of fermentation of fresh silages in vitro as an aid to modelling the in vivo situation and b) to compare the rate and pattern of fermentation of fresh silage samples with those obtained for freeze-dried material.

scholarly journals Cassava shrunken-2 homolog MeAPL3 determines storage root starch and dry matter content and modulates storage root postharvest physiological deterioration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Beyene ◽  
Raj Deepika Chauhan ◽  
Jackson Gehan ◽  
Dimuth Siritunga ◽  
Nigel Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Postharvest Physiological Deterioration

Abstract Key message Among the five cassava isoforms (MeAPL1–MeAPL5), MeAPL3 is responsible for determining storage root starch content. Degree of storage root postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is directly correlated with starch content. Abstract AGPase is heterotetramer composed of two small and two large subunits each coded by small gene families in higher plants. Studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta) identified and characterized five isoforms of Manihot esculenta ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (MeAPL1–MeAPL5) and employed virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to show that MeAPL3 is the key isoform responsible for starch and dry matter accumulation in cassava storage roots. Silencing of MeAPL3 in cassava through stable transgenic lines resulted in plants displaying significant reduction in storage root starch and dry matter content (DMC) and induced a distinct phenotype associated with increased petiole/stem angle, resulting in a droopy leaf phenotype. Plants with reduced starch and DMC also displayed significantly reduced or no postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) compared to controls and lines with high DMC and starch content. This provides strong evidence for direct relationships between starch/dry matter content and its role in PPD and canopy architecture traits in cassava.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Storability of Norway Spruce Container Seedlings in Freezer Storage as Affected by Short-Day Treatment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Johanna Riikonen ◽  
Jaana Luoranen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Freezer Storage ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Determination of safe times at which to transfer seedlings to freezer storage is problematic in forest tree nurseries. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between pre-storage frost hardiness (FH) of different plant parts, dry matter content (DMC), chilling hours (the sum of hours when temperature was between −5 °C and +5 °C), and post-storage vitality, and the impact of short-day (SD) treatment on these relationships. One and a half year old control seedlings and SD-treated seedlings of Norway spruce were transferred to freezer storage (−3 °C) on five occasions during autumn. On each occasion, the FH of buds, needles, stem, and roots, as well as DMC, were determined, and chilling hours were calculated. The vitality of the freezer-stored seedlings was determined through their root growth capacity in the subsequent spring, and through the field performance of the seedlings (shoot growth and seedling damage) at the end of the following two growing seasons. Seedlings were considered to be storable when the FH of the needles was at least −25 °C, and the FH of the roots was about −10 °C in both treatments. Early storage reduced the vitality of the seedlings. SD treatment did not advance the storability of the seedlings, although it alleviated some of the negative effects of early storage by improving the FH of needles and stem, but not that of the roots. The DMC value, indicating storability, was higher for SD-treated seedlings than for control seedlings. When data from five experiments conducted in Suonenjoki were combined, it was found that the relationship between accumulation of chilling hours and needle FH was dependent on nursery treatment and assessment year, which reduces the reliability of using chilling hours in predicting the storability of Norway spruce seedlings. The predicted climate change may complicate the fall acclimation of seedlings. New, user-friendly methods for determining storability of seedlings are urgently needed.

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