Development of disyllabic tones in different learning contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-233
Author(s):  
Bei Yang ◽  
Nuoyi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tone Production ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Learning Contexts ◽  
Immersion Programs ◽  
Post Test

AbstractTones are the most challenging aspect of learning Chinese. We study tonal acquisition for American learners of Chinese in three learning contexts: study-abroad, at-home and immersion programs. This paper explores whether and how tone production is improved in these contexts. Fifteen learners of Chinese participated in this study. They took a pre-test and a post-test. The control group contained ten native speakers. The task was a read-aloud test in Chinese. Additionally, learners filled out a language contact form. To assess students’ tonal accuracy, we conducted two kinds of analysis: a perception assessment by native Mandarin speakers and an acoustic analysis of pitch track comparison. Contextual data were coded based on the length of language contact with native speakers of Chinese. The results indicate that difficult tone combinations are context sensitive. It also reveals what strategies learners of Chinese use to produce tones similar to native speakers’ production.

Effects of Reading with Adult Tutor/Therapy Dog Teams on Elementary Students’ Reading Achievement and Attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Levinson ◽  
Melanee Vogt ◽  
William F. Barker ◽  
Mary Renck Jalongo ◽  
Pat Van Zandt
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Oral Reading Fluency ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Therapy Dog ◽  
Post Test

This study assessed the effect of reading aloud to handler/therapy dog teams on children’s oral reading fluency using a post-test control group design with repeated measures. Forty-five children in grades 2-5 were assigned to one of two groups using a stratified random assignment designed to equate groups based on grade and sex. Both groups read aloud for 30 minutes per week for 5 weeks; Group One read with a handler/therapy dog and Group Two read to peers. After 5 weeks, the groups were reversed. Between-group and within-group differences were analyzed. Several statistically significant and large effect sizes were found. Findings generally suggested that reading aloud to an adult/therapy dog team tended to increase children’s scores on a test of oral reading fluency much more than reading aloud to peers. No significant effects were identified on a survey of general attitudes toward reading administered to the children.

Evaluating two ways for marking Swedish phonological length in written text

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bosse Thorén ◽  
Hyeseung Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Written Text ◽  
System A ◽  
Short Vowels ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Phonological Length ◽  
The Way

Abstract The study compares two different graphic marking systems designed to help L2 learners of Swedish notice and realize phonological length. In System A, 22 L2 learners read aloud three /VːC/ words with length marked under long vowels and three /VCː/words with dots under short vowels. Twenty-two other L2 learners read the same words marked by the other system (System B) that underlines long vowels and long consonants. As a control group, 20 native Swedish speakers read the same words without any marking. We measured and compared the temporal realizations of the six words by all the three groups. System B readers realized Swedish phonological length more closely to the way that native speakers did, compared to System A readers. These results suggest that prompting both long vowels and long consonants can be more effective than marking long and short vowels.

Effects of speech rate, phonetic background and gender on vowel reduction in the speech of nonnative speakers of English

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogna Brzezicha ◽  
Małgorzata Kul
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Nonnative Speakers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vowel Reduction ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Nonnative Speakers Of English ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe paper reports the results of a study investigating vowel reduction in the speech of non-native speakers of English. The aim was to unravel the links between reduction and speech rate, phonetic training and gender. We hypothesized that (i) Polish speakers of English reduce vowels; (ii) they speak slower than native speakers; (iii) the higher the rate, the higher the reduction degree; (iv) speakers with phonetic training reduce less than those lacking it; (v) male subjects reduce more than the female ones. In order to realize these aims, an acoustic analysis of vowels was performed on 2 hrs 42 mins of speech produced by 12 Polish speakers of English. The subjects were di-vided into an experimental group consisting of 6 students of English and a control group with 6 speakers who had no phonetic training. The obtained results positively verify that non-native speakers reduce vowels and cast some doubts on whether they speak slower than native speakers. The role of rate and gender could not be established due to statistical and methodological issues. The group with no phonetic training outperformed the group which underwent phonetic training, pointing instead to the role of exposure and perhaps music training in acquiring native-like reduction patterns.

scholarly journals Destabilizing effects of L2 explicit pronunciation instruction on L1 speech:

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Flores Kupske
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
First Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pronunciation Instruction ◽  
First Language Attrition ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Data Collections

Anchored in a Complex Dynamic perspective on language development, this study explores the effects of L2 explicit pronunciation instruction on L2 English and L1 Brazilian Portuguese VOT production. To this end, 16 Brazilian intermediate users of L2 English were investigated. Volunteers were divided into control and experimental groups. The latter received explicit pronunciation instruction on the production of the English voiceless stops. The study included three data collections, a pre-test, an immediate post-test and a delayed post-test. An acoustic analysis of VOT duration is reported. The results revealed that the control group did not produce the expected VOT pattern for L2 English at any time of the study. No alterations in the L1 were reported. On the other hand, after the instruction, the experimental group produced higher L2 English VOT values. First language attrition was reported since the L1 BP VOT durations also increased after instruction. In addition to highlighting the effects of explicit instruction on L2 development and L1 attrition, this study confirms that language development is constant, and that even L1 adult grammars are not rigid, with potential to change due to the perception and processing of novel nonnative phonetic-phonological categories.

Acoustic analysis of Chinese tone production by Thai-speaking learners of L2 Chinese

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Liu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Rhythm Control ◽  
Pitch Contour ◽  
Tone Production ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
L2 Chinese ◽  
Thai Students ◽  
First Languages

Abstract This article reports on an empirical study of Chinese tone production in various contexts by Thai-speaking learners of L2 Chinese. Comparisons are made between Thai students and Chinese native speakers. The acoustic data are analyzed in terms of pitch register, pitch contour and duration, which show that the main problems of Thai students are: (1) T1 is lower in sentence-mid and sentence-initial positions; (2) T2 is less rising or even exhibits a falling-rising contour at a lower register; (3) T3 cannot approximate a full falling-rising contour in isolated characters and at sentence-final position; (4) T4 is too long and the falling slope is too strong. The implication of our results suggests that Thai students should make efforts in both pitch and rhythm control and pay attention to context variations. It is also suggested that similar research methods can be applied to L2 Chinese learners with different first languages (L1s).

Deaccentuation in Dutch as a second language

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanneke Caspers ◽  
Evelyn Bosma ◽  
Frida Kramm ◽  
Polona Reya
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Correct Position ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Finite Verb

A non-native accent in a second language is usually not restricted to the segmental domain — consonants and vowels — but is also noticeable in the suprasegmental domain, which includes phenomena such as word stress and sentence accent. The central question in this paper is whether advanced non-native speakers of Dutch produce pitch accent errors as a result of deaccentuation of given information in ‘verum focus’ sentences (‘… but I don’t READ books’). We expected the correct position of the pitch accent to be problematic for speakers with a non-Germanic mother tongue (L1) as compared to speakers with a Germanic L1. Non-native speakers of Dutch with Hungarian or German as L1 and a control group of native Dutch speakers read aloud a text containing a number of verum focus sentences. The results reveal that the Hungarian speakers tend to focus the negation, while the German speakers of Dutch as a second language highlight the finite verb, just as the native speakers do.

Effects of a 6-Week Straw Phonation in Water Exercise Program on the Aging Voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsin Wu ◽  
Roger W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aging Voice ◽  
Before And After

Purpose Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises with tubes or straws have been widely used for a variety of voice disorders. Yet, the effects of longer periods of SOVT exercises (lasting for weeks) on the aging voice are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water (SPW) exercise program. Method Thirty-seven elderly subjects with self-perceived voice problems were assigned into two groups: (a) SPW exercises with six weekly sessions and home practice (experimental group) and (b) vocal hygiene education (control group). Before and after intervention (2 weeks after the completion of the exercise program), acoustic analysis, auditory–perceptual evaluation, and self-assessment of vocal impairment were conducted. Results Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the two groups in smoothed cepstral peak prominence measures, harmonics-to-noise ratio, the auditory–perceptual parameter of breathiness, and Voice Handicap Index-10 scores postintervention. No significant differences between the two groups were found for other measures. Conclusions Our results supported the positive effects of SOVT exercises for the aging voice, with a 6-week SPW exercise program being a clinical option. Future studies should involve long-term follow-up and additional outcome measures to better understand the efficacy of SOVT exercises, particularly SPW exercises, for the aging voice.

NILAI ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 SESUDAH MELAKUKAN BUERGER ALLEN EXERCISE DI PUSKESMAS WILAYAH KECAMATAN NGANJUK

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyadi . ◽  
Nurul Makiyah ◽  
Novita Kurnia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

<p><em>Buerger Allen Exercise</em> mampu meningkatkan pemakaian glukosa oleh otot yang aktif sehingga glukosa dalam darah dapat menurun, dapat membantu mencegah terjadinya penyakit arteri perifer, serta meningkatkan aliran darah ke arteri dan berefek positif pada metabolisme glukosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai <em>ankle brachial index</em>pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2setelah melakukan <em>Buerger Allen exercise</em>. Jenis penelitian ini adalah <em>quasy-experiment </em>dengan<em> pre-post test design with control group</em><em>.</em> Jumlah sampel 60 penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan <em>purposive sampling</em>, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Responden kelompok perlakuan diberikan intervensi <em>Buerger Allen exercise</em> sebanyak 12 kali  selama 15 hari.Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Nganjuk.Data hasilpengukuran nilai <em>ankle brachial index</em>berupa ratio dan diuji statistik dengan <em>Paired Samples Test</em>. Didapatkan <em>p value</em> 0.001 untuk kelompok perlakuan (<em>p value</em>&lt; 0.05) yang menunjukkan bahwa adanya perubahan bermakna secara statistik nilai <em>ankle brachial index</em> sesudah melakukan <em>Buerger Allen exercise</em>. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai <em>ankle brachial index</em>pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 meningkat sesudah melakukan <em>Buerger Allen exercise</em>.</p><p> </p><p> <strong>Kata kunci :penderita diabetes melitus tipe2, <em>Buerger Allen Exercise, Ankle brachial index</em></strong></p><p> </p>

TEACHING READING BY UTILIZING HOT POTATOES SOFTWARE TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Abdullah Farih
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study is to measure whether there is or not significant effect of teaching reading by utilizing Hot Potatoes software toward students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text. The variables used were the teaching treatment of Hot Potatoes Software as the independent variable and the students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text as dependent variable. Then, the research designed was Quasi-experimental design and the presentation of data used was quantitative. The data were obtained from the eleventh grade, of which 28 students were taken as sample. The students are divided into two groups; experiment group consisted of 12 students and control group consists of 16 students. To get the data, the pre-test and post-test were applied and then analyzed using t-test formula. The researcher had concluded that there is Significant effect of Hot Potatoes Software toward the students’ reading comprehension achievement. The result showed that mean of students’ post-test was increased. It is proved by the t-test (8.54) which is higher than t-table (2.05) at level of significance 5%. It means that the alternative hypothesis was accepted and it proved that Hot Potatoes Software had significant effect toward students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) Terhadap Penurunan Aktivitas SGPT Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang di Induksi Parasetamol Dosis Tinggi.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bara Pawana Satya Nagara
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan masyarakat Indonesia menggunakan obat-obatan yang mudah didapat seperti parasetamol, dimana parasetamol dijual secara bebas akan menyebabkan penyalahgunaannya menjadi lebih besar.Penyalahgunaan ini berakibat timbulnya efek samping  seperti efek hepatotoksik yang menimbulkan kerusakan pada sel-sel hati. Pengendalian efek hepatotoksi didalam tubuh dapat dibantu dengan mengkonsumsi makanan yang mengandung antioksidan. .Ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) memiliki kandungan antioksidan seperti flavanoid yang diyakini dapat menurunkan aktivitas SGPT dan mengurangi efek toksisitas hepar oleh parasetmol. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) terhadap penurunan aktivitas SGPT  tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi parasetamol. Metode: Merupakan post-test only control group mengunakan hewan coba tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (-), kelompok kontrol (+), kelompok perlakuan yang mendapat terapi ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) 500 mg/Kg BB Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) dosis 500 mg/kg/BB/hari pada tikus tidak menurunkan secara bermakna aktivitas SGPT pada kelompok tikus yang diberi parasetamol dosis tinggi ( p=0,401 α=0,05) Kesimpulan: Parasetamol dosis tinggi meningkatkan secara bermakna aktivitas SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norveicus) galur Wistar. Pemberian ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) pada aktivitas SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norveicus) galur Wistar menurunkan  secara tidak bermakna. Kata kunci : Artocarpus camansi, Parasetamol, SGPT

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document