Concurrent administration of acetaminophen and ethanol: impact on mouse liver and testis

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Sydney Aprioku ◽  
Precious Gospel
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Biochemical Indices

AbstractObjectivesAcetaminophen (paracetamol) and alcohol are widely consumed as analgesic/antipyretic and recreational agent, respectively. High doses of both agents induce liver and male reproductive toxicities. This study investigated the toxicological outcome of concurrent administration of paracetamol and ethanol in the liver and testis in mice.MethodsAnimals were gavaged paracetamol (250 mg/kg), ethanol (3 g/kg) or paracetamol + ethanol for 2 d. Some groups were sacrificed 12 h after the last dose, while others were sacrificed 21 d posttreatment for reversibility study. Control group received carboxymethylcellulose sodium (0.2%). Serum levels of liver biochemical indices and epididymal sperm were analysed. Histopathological analysis of the liver and testis were also performed.ResultsAlkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and bilirubin in serum were elevated (p<0.001); whereas albumin and total protein were reduced (p<0.001) in paracetamol or ethanol groups compared to control. In the combination group, only mild elevation of ALT (p<0.05) was observed. Additionally, hepatocyte necrosis occurred in the livers of paracetamol and ethanol groups, while only mild inflammatory changes were seen in the combination group. All liver indices were normal in reversibility study animals. Furthermore, sperm count, motility, viability and morphology did not change in all treated animals, except that sperm count was decreased (p<0.05) in paracetamol group. Testis histology of all animal groups were normal.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that simultaneous treatment with acute paracetamol and ethanol doses will possibly minimize hepatotoxicity and reduction of epididymal sperm reserve by the individual agents, and the toxicities are reversible.

scholarly journals Investigation Into Effect Of Crude Mixture Of Abrus Precatorius Seed On Hypothalamopituitary Gonadal Axis And Development Of Antifertility In Male Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Talukder ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
S Sarker ◽  
MAH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Crude Mixture

To evaluate the antifertility effect of crude mixture of A. precatorius seeds at the dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight in adult male rats, after oral administration to male rats for 40 days, the rats were sacrificed and hormonal profiles, serum biochemistry, sperm count and histological changes were recorded. A sharp decrease in the serum levels of testosterone (0.70 ± 0.17 ng/ml), FSH (0.70 ± 0.22 lU/L), and LH (0.87 ± 0.35 IU/L) was detected compared to control (FSH, LH and testosterone levels 0.93 ± 0.15 ng/ml, 0.76 ± 0.28 IU/L, 1.44 ± .011 IU/L, respectively). A significant reduction of epididymal sperm count (2.34 million/mL) was noted in treated rats as compared to control group (7.87 million/mL). Histology of testes showed marked atrophy of the testes, which was characterized by disruption of the seminiferous epithelium and atrophy of the Leydig cells. Crude mixture of A. precatorius seed has a negative impact on male reproductive functions. It might be suggested that crude mixture of A. precatorius seeds might have antifertility property for male rats.   Keywords: Abrus precatorius; antifertility; male rat; testosterone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i1.9234 BJAR 2011; 36(1): 103-109

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fructo-oligosaccharides on laying performance and serum biochemical parameters of yellow broiler breeder hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01081
Author(s):  
Zhao Feng ◽  
Zhongsheng Xia
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Better Than

24-week-old local yellow broiler breeder hens were selected to study the effects of dietary fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS)or antibiotics(bacitracin zinc)on laying performance, serum biochemical indices and dietary mutrient metabolizability. The results showed that: compared with the control group, dietary FOS supplemented with 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% could increase the laying rate, average egg weight, feed egg ratio, eggs percent of pass, fertility rate and hatchability of qualified egg, and reduce serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and improve the apparent metabolizability of dietary nutrients. The effects of diet supplemented with FOS was better than those of diet supplement with 0.05% antibiotics.It was suggested that the appropriate additive amount of FOS in diets for yellow broiler breeder hens should be 0.4%.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Celtis iguanaea on Markers of Cardiovascular Diseases and Glucose Metabolism in Cholesterol-Fed Rats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Zanchet ◽  
Denise B. Gomes ◽  
Vanessa S. Corralo ◽  
Kriptsan A. P. Diel ◽  
Amanda P. Schönell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Coa Reductase

Celtis iguanaea is popularly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, thorough chemical and pharmacological investigations regarding its activity are lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from C. iguanaea (CI) on markers of cardiovascular diseases and the glucose metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. Therefore, hypercholesterolemic rats (1% cholesterol) were orally treated with CI (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg) or simvastatin (4 mg/kg) (n = 6) once a day for 30 days along with a hypercholesterolemic diet. A control group (C) was given saline solution. CI showed significant decreases in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HMG-CoA-reductase, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-&alpha;, and IFN-&gamma; when compared to group C (p ˂ 0.05). Hypoglycemic effects were observed along with a decrease of the activity of sucrase (CI 600), maltase (CI 150, CI 300), and an increase in muscle glycogen levels (CI 300). Antioxidant effects were observed in plasma, and the histopathological analysis showed a significant decrease in the liver fat area for CI compared to group C (p &lt; 0.001). Our results suggest that the biological effects of CI could be related to the presence of flavonoids that possibly exert antioxidant, enzymatic inhibitory, and insulin-mimetic effects.

scholarly journals Effects of monosodium-L-glutamate administration on serum levels of reproductive hormones and cholesterol, epididymal sperm reserves and testicular histomorphology of male albino rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izuchukwu Ochiogu ◽  
David Ogwu ◽  
Chukwuka Uchendu ◽  
Chidozie Okoye ◽  
John Ihedioha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean

This study investigated the effects of administration of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) on serum gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone and total cholesterol (TC), cauda epididymal sperm reserves (CESR) and testicular histomorphology of adult male albino rats. Eighty-four rats, randomly assigned to 7 groups of 12 rats each, were used for the study. Varying low doses (0.25, 0.50 or 1.00 g/kg body weight) of MSG were administered orally or subcutaneously at 48-h intervals for six weeks. Serum GnRH, LH, testosterone and TC, and CESR were evaluated on days 14, 28 and 42 of MSG administration. Testicular histomorphology was evaluated on day 42. The results showed that the mean serum GnRH, LH and testosterone levels, and the CESR of all the treated groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the untreated control on days 14, 28 and 42 of MSG administration. The mean serum TC levels of all the treated groups were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the control group on days 14 and 28. No lesions were observed on sections of the testes. It was concluded that MSG administration for 14, 28 and 42 days led to significantly lower serum levels of GnRH, LH, testosterone and TC, and significantly lower CESR.

scholarly journals Therapeutic efficacy of a combination of mesalazine and Bifid Triple Viable Capsules (BTVCs) on ulcerative colitis patients, and its effect on inflammation and oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2213-2218
Author(s):  
Lina Wei ◽  
Hua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Purpose: To determine the curative impact of mesalazine (MSZ)-BTVCs combination on ulcerative colitis (UC), and its influence on inflammation and oxidative stress in the patients.Methods: 100 UC patients were randomely assigned to a control group given MSZ capsule treatment only, and a combination group treated with BTVCs and MSZ. Treatment effectiveness, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results: The combination group had higher total effectiveness than the control group. The serum levels of MDA, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were lower, while serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were markedly increased in patients given combination treatment, when compared with controls. Pre-drug exposure UC disease activity index (UC-DAI) and clinical symptom scores were similar in both cohorts of patients, but the post-treatment scores were statistically decreased, especially in the combination group.Conclusion: The combined use of MSZ and BTVCs was more effective against UC than monotherapy, as it effectively relieved inflammation and oxidative stress in patients, resulting in better clinical efficacy.

scholarly journals Effects of Cadmium and /or Chromium on reproductive organs and semen profiles of male albino rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Eman Abd Elhafeez ◽  
Amal Halawa ◽  
Mohamed Hamed ◽  
Mamdouh Abouelmaged
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

Objective: To evaluate the potential hazards of cadmium and/or chromium on the reproductive system of adult male albino rat. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Forty mature male albino rats weighing 260 ± 10 g. Procedures: Rats were allocated into four groups (ten animals each). Control group (group 1), group 2 received 4.4 mg kg-1 cadmium chloride, group 3 was given 2.5 mg kg-1 sodium dichromate and group 4 received combination of Cd (2.2 mg kg-1) and Cr (1.25mg kg-1) orally, once daily for 65 consecutive days. Results: Exposure to Cd or Cr, in particular their combination, caused a reduction in the index weights of testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate glands. They induced a reduction of sperm count and viability with an increase of abnormal sperm morphology. Interestingly, in the combination group (Cd and Cr together), the deleterious effects were more noticeable. Pathologically, both Cd and Cr produced degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules, necrosis of spermatogenic epithelium within the testis. Moreover, the interstitial tissue of epididymis showed marked edema and prostate showed necrosis and serous exudate of lining epithelium. In the interaction group, testis showed complete degenerative changes and necrosis of spermatogenic epithelium, with marked interstitial edema and hyperplastic epithelial lining of epididymal tubules. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The present results support the hypothesis that the testis is one of the most sensitive organs to Cd and/or Cr and that the exposure to any of them or to their combination lead to testicular damage and thereby male infertility.

Synergistic Anticancer Effects of Cisplatin Combined with Combretastatin A4 Phosphate on Human Osteosarcoma-Xenografted Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guo Dai ◽  
Di Zheng ◽  
Gaiwei Liu ◽  
Qi Song
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Transplanted Tumors ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma ◽  
Combretastatin A4

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of anticancer therapy combining a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin (DDP), and a vascular disruptive drug, combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), in osteosarcoma. First, a human osteosarcoma-xenografted mice model was established. Second, the transplanted tumor models were treated with DDP and CA4P in combination or as monotherapy. Third, the therapeutic effects and the mechanism of the drug combination in the inhibition of transplanted tumors was studied. Finally, the toxic effects of the drugs were observed and recorded. The results showed that DDP combined with CA4P significantly inhibited the growth and lung metastasis of transplanted tumors compared with the monotherapy drug group and vehicle control group. Histopathological analysis revealed that apoptotic and necrotic cell death significantly increased in the combination group, and combined treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells compared with either agent alone or the vehicle control. Additionally, no obvious toxic effects were observed in the combination group. These results indicate that the combined effects of DDP and CA4P on the progression of human osteosarcoma in vivo were superior to that of either agent alone. DDP combined with CA4P exerted synergistic effects at lower concentrations and promoted apoptosis and necrosis, as well as inhibited proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, but it did not increase the systemic toxic effects of chemotherapy. Our findings highlight CA4P as an effective anticancer agent candidate for combination with DDP in clinical applications to treat osteosarcoma.

Effect of Cordyceps Militaris Supplementation on Sperm Production, Sperm Motility and Hormones in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 849-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chang ◽  
Kee-Ching Jeng ◽  
Kuei-Fen Huang ◽  
Ying-Chung Lee ◽  
Chien-Wei Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Cordyceps species have been traditionally used as for the enhancement of sexual function, but its direct evidence is lacking. We investigated the spermatogenic effect of Cordyceps militaris (CM) as supplementation with CM mycelium to 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Ninety rats (30 for each group) were selected to regular diet or diet supplemented with CM mycelium (1% and 5%) for 6 weeks. Epididymal sperm were collected from 6 animals per group at each interval of observation. They were allowed to recover for one week. The quality and quantity of sperm were compared in these rats. The CM supplementation resulted in an increase of serum cordycepin concentration ( n = 6, each group) that correlated with treatment time and the cordycepin level was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in 5% group as compared to 1% group at the 5th and 6th week. Epididymal sperm count was enhanced significantly from the control, at the 5th week and peaked at the 6th week in both groups supplemented with CM (each time point, n = 6; p < 0.05) and maintained for 2 weeks after stopping the treatment. Increased serum testosterone and estradiol-17 (E2) concentrations were found in rats with the CM supplementation ( p < 0.05), but not other hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) or prolactin. Importantly, percentages of motile sperm cells were also enhanced significantly ( p < 0.05) paralleled the serum testosterone pattern from the supplement groups as compared to the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that supplementation with CM improves sperm quality and quantity in rats.

Investigation of polyphenol profile, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Aconogonon alpinum (All.) Schur roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 516-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakryya Khan ◽  
Muhammad Imran Shabbir ◽  
Zafeer Saqib ◽  
Syed Aneel Gilani ◽  
Naqeeb Ullah Jogezai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Polyphenol Profile

AbstractLiver plays vital role in detoxification of exogenous and endogenous chemicals. These chemicals as well as oxidative stress may cause liver disorders. This study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of various fractions of Aconogonon alpinum methanolic extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in mice. First, hepatoprotective potential of various fractions of A. alpinum was assessed and then antioxidant activity and profiling of polyphenolic compounds were assessed. A total of 78 male albino mice (BALB/c) were randomly divided into 13 groups (n = 6); Group I (normal control), Group II (CCl4 only), Group III (CCl4 + silymarin 100 mg/kg) and Groups IV–XIII (CCl4 + various fractions [200 and 400 mg/kg]). Hepatic biochemistry and liver injury were assessed by analysis of serum levels of hepatic enzymes and histopathological analysis, respectively. Results showed that polar fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions) exhibited highly significant (P < 0.01) reduction in increased level of liver biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner with consistent histopathological findings. Likewise, these fractions revealed strong antioxidant potential and polyphenolic compound contents. In conclusion, the present work has revealed promising antioxidant activity, polyphenolic profiling and potential hepatoprotective efficacy. Thus, the significant results unveil the study as a step forward towards evidence-based phytomedicine.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Rosa canina Fruit on Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Ehsan Karimizadeh ◽  
Heibatollah Sadeghi ◽  
Esmaeel Panahi kokhdan ◽  
Mahboubeh Mansourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Group I

Vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity (VIN) has been reported to occur in 5–35% of recipient patients. The aims of the study were to evaluate protective effects of Rosa canina (RC) on VIN in rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: control group I, group II (received VAN 400 mg/kg/day, every 12 h at doses of 200 mg/kg/day, for 7 consecutive days), group III (VAN + RC 250 mg/kg/day, for 7 consecutive days), group IV (VAN + RC 500 mg/kg/day, for consecutive days), and group V (received RC 500 mg/kg/day, for consecutive 7 days). On the eighth day after anesthetizing the animals, blood samples were taken from the heart, and then, the kidneys were removed to investigate kidney function, oxidative stress, and histopathological marker. Also, the chemical composition of RC extract was identified by GC-MS analysis. Oral dose of 500 mg/kg RC extract significantly reduced the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) and also the kidney tissue MDA, protein carbonyl, and NO metabolites (nitrite) levels compared to the VAN-treated group ( P < 0.05 ). Based on histopathological analysis, RC extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg inhibited the destructive effects of VAN on kidney tissues. GC-MS analysis indicated that the main compositions were found to be lactose (21.96%), 3-t-butyloxaziridine (20.91%), and 5-oxymethylfurfurole (16.75%). The results indicated that oral administration of RC was able to reduce VAN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, possibly through antioxidant pathways.

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