Effect of pre-cesarean foot reflexology massage on anxiety of primiparous women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Navaee ◽  
Samira Khayat ◽  
Zahra Ghadiri Abed
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Massage Group ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Common Feeling ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIntroductionAnxiety is a common feeling in cesarean section and lack of attention to it is associated with negative consequences for health of mother and child. Reflexology is a way to reduce anxiety. So far, the effect of reflexology on pre-cesarean anxiety has not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-cesarean foot reflexology massage on the anxiety of women during their first pregnancy.Materials and MethodsThis study is a three-group clinical trial that was conducted in 2019. The study sample consisted of 90 pregnant women hospitalized for cesarean section in Zahedan who were randomly divided into three groups of 30 women. The subjects completed the state section of Spielberger anxiety questionnaire. The control group did not receive any intervention. For two groups, 1 h before surgery, a group received reflexive massage, and the another group simple massage. Duration of massage for each group was 30 min. After 30 min, the subjects completed the state section of Spielberger questionnaire again. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software program, version 21.0. ANOVA and ANCOVA tests were used to compare between groups and paired t-test was used for intra-group comparisons.ResultsThe results showed that the level of anxiety was significantly reduced in the reflexology massage group (from 55 ± 8 to 40 ± 7) as well as simple massage group (from 51 ± 10 to 47 ± 7) (p<0.001). In the control group, anxiety was increased (from 49 ± 9 to 56 ± 9) (p<0.001). Comparison between the three groups by ANCOVA indicated that reflexology massage and simple massage significantly decreased anxiety scores (p>0.001 and p>0.001,respectively). Reflexive massage significantly reduced anxiety scores (p>0.001) as compared to simple massage.ConclusionThe results of this study revealed the positive effect of reflexology massage on pre-cesarean anxiety. Because reflexology massage is an inexpensive, simple, and easy approach, the use of this non-pharmaceutical method is recommended to reduce pre-cesarean anxiety.

Reproductive anamnesis of women with postpartum purulent-septic complications

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
V.I. Pyrohova ◽  
◽  
Y.R. Feyta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Significant Percentage

Postpartum purulent-septic complications are considered to be one of the main causes of maternal loss, hence, this is why they continue to maintain their relevance and priority in modern obstetrics. The incidence of this disease remains high and aggravates the extension of the postpartum period in 5–26% of cases. Mostly postpartum purulent-septic complications are caused by not one, but a combination of several reasons that can act simultaneously or sequentially and are often caused by a combination of medical and social factors. These factors require the necessity of diligent analysis of the reproductive anamnesis of women who suffered from complications of septic nature during the postpartum period, in order to highlight the risk factors for these complications. The objective: to explore the possibility of formation of high-risk groups based on the analysis of reproductive anamnesis in women with postpartum purulent-septic complications as part of preventive measures. Patients and methods. According to the purpose of this research a detailed retrospective analysis was made of anamnesis histories of 89 women (study group) with postpartum septic complications, namely, 58 women with postpartum purulent-septic complications who bore through natural birth canal; 31 women with postpartum purulent-septic complications after cesarean section. The control group consisted of 40 women recently confined within uncomplicated maternal postpartum process. Results. It was investigated that in the group of women with postpartum complications prevailed women who were pregnant for the second time (especially after cesarean section).It is important to highlight the fact that significant percentage of menstrual disorders and the commencement of early sexual live of women in the study group. Analysis of an illness revealed a significant incidence of inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive organs, cervical pathology, chronic tonsillitis, chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis, anemia clinical history in the main group. Significant percentage is noticed of the women with thyroid disorders. Significantly higher frequency was noticed with regards to pregnancies that had negative consequences in anamnesis, the presence of gynecological pathology, surgery and vaginal microbiota disturbances before and during pregnancy in women with postpartum purulent-septic complications. A combination of two or more selected factors, especially in women with extragenital pathology and transferred infectious diseases in anamnesis, greatly increases the risk of septic complications in the postpartum period. Conclusions. Current analysis has provided implicit evidences to ensure that it is important to select a separate group at high risk of postpartum septic complications on the stage which precedes pregnancy for the development of an individual plan for diagnostic and preventive measures to prevent this disease. Key words: postpartum purulent-septic complications, risk factors, reproductive anamnesis.

Ex-post evaluation of the R&D tax incentive law in Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 337-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Mardones ◽  
Natalia Madrid Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Tax Credits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wide Margin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThis study carries out an ex - post evaluation of the Research and Development (R&D) Tax Incentive Law in Chile.Design/methodology/approachA subset of data from the 9th Innovation Survey is chosen, specifically those that were available for the years 2013 and 2014. Then, differences in differences (DID) and matching with differences in differences (MDID) techniques are used to identify the impact of this policy.FindingsThe results obtained allow us to affirm that the use of the R&D Tax Incentive Law had some positive but very low effects on some components of expenditure for innovation. Also, the positive effect of the tax credits on the total expenditure for innovation identified with MDID disappears when only firms that know the R&D Tax Incentive Law are used as a control group.Originality/valueThis work provides new evidence to evaluate innovation policies in Latin America, focusing on tax credits that have been much less studied than subsidy programs. Specifically, it is concluded that there is still a wide margin to improve and reformulate the R&D Tax Incentive Law in Chile.

Culture and annual report readability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyoung Noh
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Litigation Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Culture ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of state culture on the readability of narrative disclosures in annual reports based on firms located in all 50 states of the USA. Design/methodology/approach The author uses the cultural tightness and looseness (Harrington and Gelfand 2014) index at the state level and the BOG index (Bonsall and Miller, 2017) as the primary measures of annual report readability. Findings Using US data from 1994 to 2019, this study finds that the state level of cultural tightness in which firms are located positively affects firms’ annual report readability. In addition, the study finds that the positive effect of cultural tightness on annual report readability is pronounced in subgroups with high litigation risk while the result does not hold with subgroups that have low litigation risk. The results are robust when alternative proxies for annual report readability are used and historical location and the states in which firms are incorporated are considered. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing literature on the determinants of readability in annual report because firms’ narrative disclosure in annual report varies depending on the information environment, litigation risk, embedded in each state culture where firms are located.

Nudging with construal level theory to improve online password use and intended password choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Kaleta ◽  
Jong Seok Lee ◽  
Sungjin Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Construal Level Theory ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Password Security ◽  
Desirable Feature ◽  
General Complex ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on a potential tradeoff between security and usability in people’s use of online passwords – in general, complex passwords are secure and desirable but difficult to use (i.e. difficult to memorize) whereas simple passwords are easy to use, but are insecure and undesirable. Construal level theory (CLT) explains how high vs low construal level causes people to focus on “desirability” vs “feasibility” of an action, which in the research context can translate into the “security” vs “usability” of using passwords. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a series of three laboratory experiments manipulating people’s construal level and investigating its impact on password use. Findings The authors found that people who were induced to think at a high construal level created or showed intention to choose stronger passwords relative to people who were induced to think at a low construal level. Furthermore, this effect was also significantly different from the control group who did not receive any experimental treatment. In addition, the authors found that perspective taking targeted at the desirability of creating a strong password further strengthened the effect of a high construal level on intended password choice. Originality/value This research makes several contributions to existing literature on password security. First, this research offers CLT as a theoretical lens to explain an individual’s thinking and behavior concerning online password use. Second, this research offers empirical evidence that a high construal level improves users’ password use, a desirable feature for improved security. Third, this research contributes to the literature on how to apply nudging to influence human behavior toward more desirable, stronger, password use. Finally, our research identifies PT as a factor enhancing the positive effect of a high construal level on online users’ password use.

Is co-creation really a booster for brand equity? The role of co-creation in observer-based brand equity (OBBE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Kristal ◽  
Carsten Baumgarth ◽  
Carolin Behnke ◽  
Jörg Henseler
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the general effect of co-created products on the brand equity of observers (OBBE). The influence of different implementations of the co-creation approach on the OBBE is tested. It is also discussed whether co-creation can be a strategic method for companies to positively affect the OBBE in the mass market. Design/methodology/approach A between-subject experiment with a 2 (intensity of integration: democratically voted vs commonly created) × 2 (expert knowledge: no expert knowledge vs expert knowledge) design plus one control group (zero co-creation) is conducted for two brands to test the postulated hypotheses. Findings Co-creation can have a weak positive effect on the OBBE. Integration intensity and expertise of integrated consumer also affect the OBBE only marginally. Research limitations/implications Further research might investigate whether the initial brand equity has a moderating effect. Also brand image and underlying product category could influence the relation between co-creation and the OBBE and would be valuable for future studies. Practical implications Brand managers should aim to convert observers into participants, instead of setting the focus on the presentation of the user-designed product to the mass market. Originality/value This study is one of the few analyzing the effects of co-creation on observers in terms of brand equity. In addition to existing research, the concept of expertise in combination with co-creation and its influence on the OBBE is explored.

The impact of knowledge management systems on innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elmorshidy
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Knowledge Management Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose This paper aims to examine and validate the effect of knowledge management systems (KMS) on innovation. Design/methodology/approach Survey data from 392 employees working in private and public organizations in the state of Kuwait were collected and used to test the proposed research model and hypotheses through structural equation modeling. Findings This study finds that system quality, information quality and service quality of KMS have a positive effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the system, and in turn, they have a positive effect on actual use of KMS which leads to net benefit represented in an increased innovation for employees who use the KMS. Employees (users of the system) indicated that the use of the system helped them to improve their work, come up with new ways to conduct work, discover new solutions to solve problems, accomplish more complex tasks in less time and communicate in a better way with other employees. Practical implications The findings of this study analyzed the elements of KMS that influence innovation in public and private organizations at the individual level. This should be helpful for the designers of KMS to focus on those success factor elements when building KMS, which should make it easy for individuals to acquire knowledge, use it, share it and thus become more innovative and successful in the work they do and the decisions they make. The study also shows a positive relationship between usefulness, ease of use and attitude toward using KMS. Developers of KMS should also take these guidelines in consideration when designing a responsive KMS. Originality/value Both knowledge and innovation are considered as crucial sources for sustaining the competitive advantage for organizations. However, despite this, knowledge management (KM) and innovation have established themselves as separate fields and distinct areas of research. However, although KM has a strong relationship with innovation, it is unclear if the research literature in these two fields converge. There is a lack of research studies that deal with interrelation of KM and innovation in organizations. This study is among the first to attempt to fill this gap by empirically investigating the effect of KMS on innovation in both private and public organizations in the state of Kuwait.

scholarly journals Prison Deprivation in the Infant and Early Childhood: Problem Statement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Muzychuk ◽  
Sergey Ponomarev ◽  
Albina Burt ◽  
Boris Spasennikov
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
The State ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Positive Effect

The article raises the problem of deprivation in infants and early childhood, whose mothers are in places of confinement. Mother is in a place of confinement under a court sentence. The child is in the place of confinement without being guilty before the society and the state. Frequently, the child is separate from his mother. The mother can visit the child only in her free time, if she has an opportunity and desire for this. The child does not have full communication with the mother, her love. As a result, psychophysical retardation of the childs development is noted. The mother, who is deprived of the opportunity to stay with the child, sometimes commits disciplinary offenses, which ever more restricts her opportunity to stay with the child. In order to protect motherhood and childhood, in the domestic penitentiary system mother-and-child homes are created where joint staying of the mother and the child is made possible. The results of the study testify a positive effect of such practices on the behavior of the convicted mother and the development of the child deprived of liberty.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CRITICAL THINKING ON LEARNERS� EFL VOCABULARY RETENTION: THE ARAB CONTEXT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Tariq Elyas ◽  
Budor S. Al-Zahrani
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Vocabulary Retention ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

This experimental study aimed to investigate the impact of a critical thinking based pedagogical approach on learners� retention ability of EFL vocabulary.� There were two groups in the study: an experimental and a control group. The experimental group received vocabulary instruction with a critical thinking-based approach whereas the control group was taught in the conventional methods of vocabulary teaching. The treatment consisted of seven lessons delivered over 12 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the immediate posttest was administered and two weeks after the immediate posttest, the delayed posttest was administered. The resulting data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group. Based on these results, the researchers concluded that the adopted critical thinking-oriented language instruction to EFL vocabulary has a positive effect on vocabulary retention, with implications for policy-makers, teacher trainers and teachers.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin C on the incidence and severity of postdural puncture headache in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Sepehr Eslami ◽  
Mina Shakeri
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Group 1

Background: Some studies have shown that vitamin C has a positive effect on reducing headaches after spinal anesthesia, but studies in this field are inadequate. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin C infusion on the decrease of headache after spinal anesthesia in cesarean section. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 160 patients undergoing cesarean section referred to Kowsar Hospital of Yazd in 2017. The patients were randomly divided into two groups including group 1, 2 gr of vitamin C in 500 cc normal saline, and group 2, 500 cc of normal saline was injected preoperatively. The two groups were compared for headache incidence. Results: At the time of recovery, 2 hours later, the frequency of headache in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05). But there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding headache at 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively (P>0.05). Conclusion: Considering the patient's condition, and according to the anesthesiologist and surgeon, vitamin C can be used to reduce pain in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.

Соматические дисфункции у детей с задержкой речи

2017 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
E. L. Kuznetsova ◽  
L. A. Dultsev ◽  
E. V. Safin
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Osteopathic Treatment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

Goal of research - the study aims to examine the osteopathic profi le of children with dysarthria and to develop recommendations for osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in 2-3 year old children presenting this pathology.Materials and methods. 30 2-3 year old children with the symptoms of dysarthria took part in the research. All the children were divided into 2 groups: the control group of 15 children received standard treatment, and the experimental group of 15 children received both standard and osteopathic treatment. The dysarthria severity and the osteopathic profi le were evaluated with account of the number of somatic dysfunctions at global, regional, and local levels.Results. The osteopathic correction was shown to have a positive effect on dysarthria severity. The study established a correlation between the dysarthria severity in children and the number of somatic dysfunctions at the local level.Conclusion. The study suggests using osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in the complex therapy of dysarthria in children.

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