Soil management system in hazelnut groves (Corylus sp.) versus the presence of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Abstract Sustaining biodiversity as well as taking advantage of the natural environment’s resistance are the key elements which should be considered when designing integrated plans for the protection of hazelnut groves. An effort has been made in this study to analyse the impact of different soil cultivation methods in hazelnut groves, on the species composition and number of individuals in carabid assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Another aim was to determine which method of inter-row soil management had the least negative effect on assemblages of these beetles. Because of the type of habitat, the xerothermic species characteristic for southeastern Europe, i.e. Calathus ambiguus, Poecilus lepidus, Harpalus calceatus, and H. griseus, were the most numerous. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the captured individuals implied that the optimal soil tillage system in young hazelnut groves is when soil is kept fallow with machines or chemicals, or when soil is covered with manure. The least favourable practice for the appearance of ground beetles of the Carabidae family is the use of polypropylene fabric, bark or sawdust, to cover soil

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AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine ◽

10.31473/2305-5987-2020-2-27(41)-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M. Novokhatskyi ◽

◽

V. Targonya ◽

T. Babinets ◽

O. Gorodetskyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Optimal Number ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Biological Productivity ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Application Rates ◽

Tillage System ◽

Biological Yield ◽

The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

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Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1241

Author(s):

Stanko Vršič ◽

Marko Breznik ◽

Borut Pulko ◽

Jesús Rodrigo-Comino

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Management ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Soil Biodiversity ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Green Cover ◽

The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

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Estimating the Soil Hydraulic Functions of Some Olive Orchards: Soil Management Implications for Water Saving in Soils of Salento Peninsula (Southern Italy)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 177 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mirko Castellini ◽

Anna Maria Stellacci ◽

Marcello Mastrangelo ◽

Francesco Caputo ◽

Luisa Maria Manici

Keyword(s):

Soil Texture ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Soil Management ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Data Set ◽

Relative Field ◽

The Impact

Saving water resources in agriculture is a topic of current research in Mediterranean environments, and rational soil management can allow such purposes. The Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters (BEST) procedure was applied in five olive orchards of Salento peninsula (southern Italy) to estimate the soil physical and hydraulic properties under alternative soil management (i.e., no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT)), and to quantify the impact of soil management on soil water conservation. Results highlighted the soundness of BEST predictions since they provided consistent results in terms of soil functions or capacitive-based soil indicators when (i) the entire data set was grouped by homogeneous classes of texture, bulk density, and capillarity of the soil, (ii) the predictions were compared with the corresponding water retention measures independently obtained in lab, and (iii) some correlations of literature were checked. BEST was applied to establish a comparison at Neviano (NE) and Sternatia (ST) sites. The two neighboring NT soils compared at NE showed substantial discrepancies in soil texture (i.e., sandy loam (NE-SL) or clay (NE-C)). This marked difference in soil texture could determine a worsening of the relative field capacity at the NE-SL site (relative field capacity, RFC < 0.6), as compared to NE-C where RFC was optimal. The current soil management determined a similar effect (RFC < 0.6) at Sternatia (ST-MT vs. ST-NT), but the worsening in soil properties, due to soil tillage, must be considered substantially transient, as progressive improvement is expected with the restoration of the soil structure. The results of this work suggest that strategic MT can be a viable solution to manage the soil of Salento olive orchards.

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Nitrogen fertilization and soil management of winter common bean crop

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000300012 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Matheus Gustavo da Silva ◽

Orivaldo Arf ◽

Marco Eustáquio de Sá ◽

Ricardo Antônio Ferreira Rodrigues ◽

Salatiér Buzetti

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Research Work ◽

Soil Management ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Cultural Management ◽

Tillage System ◽

Nitrogen Rates ◽

Bean Crop

The adoption of appropriate cultural management, which includes nitrogen fertilization and soil tillage system, is very important to increase the efficiency of plant in the utilization of available resource. This research work was conducted for three years aiming at evaluating the effect of sidedressing nitrogen application (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1) on winter bean crop under different systems of soil management (conventional, minimal, and no-tillage systems). The experimental design was a randomized block arranged in strips relative to tillage systems, with random distribution of nitrogen doses into each strip, with four replications. Grain yield was affected by nitrogen rates and significant increases were obtained with the application of 75 to 100 kg N ha-1. Soil management did not affect grain yield, although the "minimum system" provided better results in the two first years.

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Weed infestation of soft spring wheat crops depending on the soil tillage system

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 16-27

Author(s):

A. L. Pakul ◽

N. A. Lapshinov ◽

V. N. Pakul ◽

G. V. Bozhanova

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

System Control ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

The Impact

The paper presents the results of the study on the influence of various tillage systems on the weed infestation of soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety. The study was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment (20152019) preceded by bare and green-manured fallow (rapeseed, melilot) in Kemerovo region. The soil of the experimental plot is classified as leached, medium-textured, medium-humus, heavy-loam chernozem. The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined and minimum moldboard. Weather conditions during the research period were varied. Insufficient water supply during the first vegetation period of soft spring wheat (seedlings – leaf-tube formation) was noted in 2015-2017, with HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) being from 0.37 to 0.56. Excessive water content was observed in 2018 (HTC = 2.41) and moderate hydration – in 2019 (HTC = 1.12). Weed infestation was different in the conditions of each year. The impact of the soil tillage system on the number of weeds during the growing season of common spring wheat accounted for 21.6-90.4%, and their share in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis was 39.9-68.3%. The segetal flora in soft spring wheat crops is represented by monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species with all the studied tillage systems. The highest density of weed vegetation during the tillering phase of soft spring wheat was recorded with deep moldboard soil tillage system (control). A reduction in weed infestation by 2.3 times compared to the control was noted with minimum moldboard soil tillage system preceded by bare fallow, 1.6 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with rapeseed, and 1.7 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with melilot. The same trend was observed in the proportion of weeds in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis during the wax ripeness phase of soft spring wheat with deep moldboard tillage system (4.3%), deep combined (3.9), minimum combined (4.1), minimum moldboard (2.6%).

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Effect of Cultivation and Soil Tillage Systems on the Microbial Biomass in Castor Bean Crop at the Irecê Plateau, Bahia

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n4p341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 341

Author(s):

Camila Brasil Dias ◽

Eduardo Gross ◽

Arlicélio de Queiroz Paiva ◽

Luciano da Silva Souza ◽

Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Soil Management ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Soil Basal Respiration ◽

Tillage System ◽

Arid Condition

Inadequate soil management alters the microbiological attributes of the soil, causing reduction in microbial biomass and activity. Microbial biomass is the living and active part of the soil and can serve as an indicator of changes in the quantity of due to changes in land use. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intercropping and soil tillage systems on the microbial biomass in castor bean-based crop in the Irecê Plateau, Bahia, Brazil. The experiment was carried out on an eutrophic Haplic Cambisol with clay texture in the Mata Verde Farm of Alto do Quindinho, municipality of São Gabriel, Irecê Plateau, Bahia, Brazil. Six intercropping systems were evaluated including solely castor bean (control) and castor bean intercropped with each of the castor bean cake, common bean, pigeon pea, corn, and gliricidia. Plowing + harrowing and subsoiling were the two soil tillage techniques associated to the intercropping systems. C and N contents in microbial biomass (Cmic and Nmic), soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient were determined in soil samples collected from the 0-10 and 10-30 cm layers. The different soil management systems influenced microbial biomass and activity, and the most suitable conditions for soil microbiota occurred in the soil tillage system with subsoiling. In the semi - arid condition, at 0-10 cm depth, the castor bean + castor bean cake crop system promoted an increase of Cmic content, and the castor + gliricidia system increased Nmic content, both under soil tillage with subsoiling.

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Preference of Peponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Tilled Soils Regardless of Soil Management System

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvz052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 961-967 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amanda R Skidmore ◽

Clancy A Short ◽

Chasity Dills ◽

Karen Goodell ◽

Ricardo T Bessin

Keyword(s):

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

No Till ◽

Disturbed Soil ◽

Tillage System ◽

Strip Tillage ◽

The Impact ◽

Peponapis Pruinosa ◽

Ground Nesting

Abstract Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact of agriculture practices on valuable native pollinators in these systems. Cultivation practices such as tillage disturb agroecosystems and can have negative impacts on ground-nesting pollinators. The squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa (Say), is a ground-nesting specialist pollinator of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) crops (i.e., pumpkins and squash) that often nests in agricultural fields and thus may be vulnerable to these practices. We investigated the impact of tillage on nesting behavior of P. pruinosa in plasticulture and strip-tilled squash systems. We used choice experiments to test nesting substrate preference and nesting success of caged P. pruinosa in two soil tillage systems: strip tillage and plasticulture. The strip tillage system comprised two tillage zones (strip-tilled row with no-till edges), and the plasticulture system comprised two tillage zones (plastic bed and conventional tillage edge). The results of our study indicate that P. pruinosa nesting density did not significantly differ between the strip tillage and plasticulture systems. Within each system, P. pruinosa preferred excavating nests in the most disturbed soil zones (strip-tilled row and conventionally tilled edge). In the strip tillage system, the strip-tilled row had significantly more nests than the no-till edge. Results of these studies suggest that soil tillage practices can influence P. pruinosa nesting choice and production practices should be considered when developing a pollinator protection plan.

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Effect of Soil Management and Training System on Negroamaro Wine Aroma

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 454

Author(s):

Antonio Coletta ◽

Aline Theodoro Toci ◽

Sandra Pati ◽

Giuseppe Ferrara ◽

Francesco Grieco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Management ◽

Training System ◽

Aroma Compounds ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Wine Aroma ◽

Training Systems ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

The Impact ◽

And Training

This study aimed to assess the impact of two soil managements and training systems on yield and wine aroma compounds of Negroamaro variety grown in a warm climate region (southern Italy). Cover crop (CC) and soil tillage (ST) as soil management, whilst bilateral Guyot (BG) and monolateral Guyot (MG) as training systems were compared. Free and bound volatile fractions were evaluated by GC-MS. ST and CC as well as BG and MG significantly affected yield parameters. In particular, yield was higher in ST and BG than in CC and MG, respectively; moreover, it was found to be positively influenced by interaction between BG and ST. Regarding aroma compounds, significant interactions between soil management and training system factors were observed. In case of free volatiles, the most positive interaction was found between BG and ST, whereas, for bound volatiles, the best interaction was represented by MG with both soil tillage and cover crop. Vine leaf area and development over vine growth stages along with water stress levels played an important role in determining the aroma profile as well as yield parameters. In conclusion, the training system significantly interacted with soil management and affected most of important aroma compounds in Negroamaro wine.

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POWER LINE CORRIDORS IN PINE FORESTS AS HABITATS FOR GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) IN THE BELARUSIAN POOZERIE

Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology. ◽

10.46646/2521-683x/2021-1-15-28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (1) ◽

pp. 15-28

Author(s):

Anatoly A. Lakotko ◽

◽

Gennadi G. Sushko ◽

Keyword(s):

Ground Beetles ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Power Line ◽

Pine Forests ◽

Lake District ◽

Open Spaces ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

First Time ◽

Power Line Corridor

For the first time in the Belarusian Lake District, the influence of regular tree felling in pine forests under power lines on the biodiversity of ground beetles has been studied. On the power line corridor species richness, number of individuals, and the diversity of ground beetles were highest in comparison with the adjacent forests (Pinetum vacciniosum and Pinetum myrtillosum). In addition, species composition and group of dominants composition were different. Among dominant species there are inhabitants of open spaces Poecilus versicolor and Calathus erratus. The assemblages of ground beetles of the power line corridor were the most differed from Pinetum vacciniosum. Regression analysis (GLM) showed a negative influence of the height of the herb-dwarf shrub layer on the number of individuals of ground beetles. Shrub cover positive affected carabid diversity, whereas soil moisture had a negative effect.

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The Transnational Women's Rights Movement and the World Economy

Sociology of Development ◽

10.1525/sod.2020.6.2.145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 145-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Heidi E. Rademacher

Keyword(s):

Women's Rights ◽

Small Body ◽

World System ◽

World Society ◽

Women’S Rights ◽

Social Movement Organizations ◽

Global Movement ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Society Perspective ◽

The Impact

Promoting the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was a key objective of the transnational women's movement of the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, few studies examine what factors contribute to ratification. The small body of literature on this topic comes from a world-society perspective, which suggests that CEDAW represented a global shift toward women's rights and that ratification increased as international NGOs proliferated. However, this framing fails to consider whether diffusion varies in a stratified world-system. I combine world-society and world-systems approaches, adding to the literature by examining the impact of women's and human rights transnational social movement organizations on CEDAW ratification at varied world-system positions. The findings illustrate the complex strengths and limitations of a global movement, with such organizations having a negative effect on ratification among core nations, a positive effect in the semiperiphery, and no effect among periphery nations. This suggests that the impact of mobilization was neither a universal application of global scripts nor simply representative of the broad domination of core nations, but a complex and diverse result of civil society actors embedded in a politically stratified world.

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