Natural Disasters and Weak Government Institutions: Creating a Vicious Cycle that Ensnares Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanksha Mahadevia Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the vast literature on natural disasters one aspect is largely unexplored, and this is the two-way relationship between natural disasters and the performance of public (government) institutions responsible for mitigating these natural disasters. The first relationship is that poor performance of public institutions responsible for mitigating natural disasters worsens the impact of natural disasters. The disaster literature is silent on the second relationship that, I argue, exists between natural disasters and public institutions: natural disasters can overwhelm the public institutions responsible for mitigating natural disasters and, as a result, it may make them even more ineffective. This paper is my attempt to fill this gap. I argue that this two-way relationship creates a particularly serious problem for developing countries, having the potential to trap developing countries in a vicious cycle: poor performance of public institutions triggering natural disasters, and natural disasters making public institutions more ineffective by overwhelming them. The exploration of this two-way relationship is necessary to have a more nuanced understanding of the ways in which natural disasters can detrimentally impact developing countries. The paper concludes that to break this vicious cycle, as a first step developing countries need to focus on institutional reform. Reform proposals should aim at improving the performance of the public institutions that are directly responsible for mitigating natural disasters. To address this challenge, scholars and governments must specifically identify the public institutions that are responsible for particular activities under review. Only then can the following questions be explored: what are the weaknesses of such public institutions, and how can their performance be improved?

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Pelayanan Penggunaan Ruang Sidang Dengan Media Online Berbasis Teknologi Informasi Di Lingkungan Direktorat Jenderal Guru Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samto Samto ◽  
Adman Adman
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Online Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Service Optimization

ABSTRAKOptimalisasi pelayanan lembaga publik kepada masyarakat merupakan kewajiban yang harus selalu ditingkatkan. Optimalisasi pelayanan kepada masyarakat dan stakeholder menjadi dambaan bagi pengelola lembaga. Optimalisasi pelayanan adalah sebuah upaya untuk selalu meningkatkan dan memperbaiki kualitas dan kuantitas pelayanan dengan melibatkan komponen-komponen yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain. Optimalisasi pelayanan dapat ditempuh dengan berbagai cara, baik tradisional, maupun modern. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman bentuk-bentuk pelayanan pada lembaga pemerintahan telah berubah bentuk dan orientasinya, dari cara-cara tradisional kearah modern dengan mempergunakan alat-alat atau media elektronik. Penggunaan media elektronik telah berkembang pesat seiring dengan kemajauan teknologi, informasi dan komunikasi. Penggunaan media elektronik dalam berbagai bidang telah membawa dampak kemudahan, kecepatan, transparansi dan akuntabilitas dan mampu meningkatkan pelayanan publik sehingga mampu mewujudkan good governance.Kata kunci: optimalisasi layanan, media online, teknologi informasiOptimizing services of public institutions to the public is an obligation that must always be improved. Optimizing services to the community and stakeholders is a dream for the management of the institution. Service optimization is an effort to always improve and improve the quality and quantity of services by involving components that are interrelated with each other. Optimization of services can be reached in various ways, both traditional and modern. Along with the development of the times the forms of service in government institutions have changed their form and orientation, from traditional ways towards modernity using tools or electronic media. The use of electronic media has developed rapidly along with the advancement of technology, information and communication. The use of electronic media in various fields has brought the impact of ease, speed, transparency and accountability and is able to improve public services so as to be able to realize good governance.Keyword : service optimization, online media, information technology 

The impact of the new media on public relations in the public administration in Kurdistan Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-288
Author(s):  
Dlan Ismail Mawlud ◽  
Hoshyar Mozafar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
New Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Management System ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Impact

The development of technology, information technology and various means of communication have a significant impact on public relations activity; especially in government institutions. Many government institutions have invested these means in their management system, in order to facilitate the goals of the institution, and ultimately the interaction between the internal and external public. In this theoretical research, I tried to explain the impact of the new media on public relations in the public administration, based on the views of specialists. The aim of the research is to know the use of the new media of public relations and how in the system of public administration, as well as, Explaining the role it plays in public relations activities of government institutions. Add to this, analyzing the way of how new media and public relations participate in the birth of e-government. In the results, it is clear that the new media has facilitated public relations between the public and other institutions, as it strengthened relations between them

scholarly journals Institutional Reforms and Their Impact on Economic Growth and Investment in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4941
Author(s):  
Jin Zhao ◽  
Ghulam Rasool Madni ◽  
Muhammad Awais Anwar ◽  
Syeda Masooma Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

It is widely accepted that the economic and social system may be more efficient by reforming institutions. Institutional reforms are attempts to change the rules affecting human interactions and these reforms are fundamental for development and economic prosperity. The reforms can be divided into two categories; political and economic institutional reforms. It is need of the hour to determine the category of reform that is more suitable for developing countries. Moreover, a vast literature describes the impact of institutional reforms but little focused on exploring their impacts on macroeconomic activities. So, this study is an effort to determine the impact of institutional reforms on macroeconomic variables by considering the panel data of 122 developing countries covering the time span from 1996 to 2019. The study applied treatment analysis using the difference-in-differences technique to gauge the effects of reforms. Besides, it will be interesting to know the causes triggering the institutional reforms in developing countries. The findings of the study reveal that economic reforms are more important as compared with political reforms to grow the economies. The countries focusing on political reforms are not able to overcome the economic crisis. Moreover, both types of reforms do not cause each other in these countries.

Inadequately educated workforce and financing obstacles: international evidence from SMEs in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Jabbouri ◽  
Omar Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Informal Credit ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to document the impact of inadequately educated workforce on the extent of financing obstacles experienced by firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the data provided by the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys to test our arguments. The data were collected during the period between 2008 and 2018 in 141 developing countries. A pooled ordered logit regression analysis is performed to arrive at the results.FindingsThe study’s results show that firms with inadequately educated workforce are more likely to experience financing obstacles than other firms. The authors argue that poor performance and lack of technical expertise required to access finance are some of the reasons behind greater financing obstacles experienced by these firms. The study’s results are robust across different geographic regions. The authors also show that firms with inadequately educated workforce are more likely to seek informal credit for financing their short-term (working capital) and long-term (capital expenditures) capital requirements.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the factors that affect the financing constraints faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should be valuable to managers of SMEs and policy-makers. By removing these constraints, managers can improve their access to financing, and policy-makers can facilitate higher economic growth and better economic conditions.Originality/valuePrior studies have largely been silent on the impact of inadequately educated workforce on the access to finance. This paper draws attention to this issue within the context of SMEs in an international setting. SMEs are the drivers of economic growth in any country. However, their contributions to economic growth cannot materialize without fulfilling their capital needs.

scholarly journals Commitment to Control Regulations in the Combat against Corruption in Public Budget: Sudan Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ngam Elbushari
Keyword(s):  
Control Process ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
Auditor General ◽  
The Impact

This paper has focused on the impact of commitment to control regulations in the elimination of corruption, trickery and fraud in the course of the implementing of the public budget that is applicable to some of the government institutions. It has indicated the impact of limiting of corruption , trickery ,fraud and counterfeit on the financial statements and the case problem has been represented by the corruption in some of the government institutions and corporations and what it breeds of problems that pose a hindrance to the objectives of the public budget plan, as a general target. The importance of this paper has sprung from the increase of concern toward control regulations as a vital tool to help combating the current of trickery ,fraud and corruption as it aims to shed light on some of the obstacles those minimize the control process within the authority of the auditor general related to corruption, as well, the papers’ inquiries included :the types of corruption, and how it takes place in government organizations and corporations? What are the effects of corruption on the economic rates such as poverty and the slowdown of the common growth? What is the impact of financial corruption on the deepening of the deficit in the public budget and governmental common revenues? In addition, what is the impact of corruption on attraction of private investments?

American Public Education and the Responsibility of its Citizens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Stitzlein
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educational Crisis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Citizen Support

Not only is the future of our public schools in jeopardy, so is our democracy. Public schools are central to a flourishing democracy, where children learn how to deliberate and solve problems together, build shared identities, and come to value justice and liberty. As citizen support for public schools wanes, our democratic way of life is at risk. While we often hear about the poor performance of students and teachers, the current educational crisis is at heart not about accountability, but rather about citizen responsibility. Yet citizens increasingly do not feel that public schools are our schools, that we have influence over them or responsibility for their outcomes. Citizens have become watchdogs of public institutions largely from the perspective of consumers, without seeing ourselves as citizens who compose the public of public institutions. Accountability becomes more about finding fault with and placing blame on our schools and teachers, rather than about taking responsibility as citizens for shaping our expectations of schools, determining the criteria we use to measure their success, or supporting schools in achieving those goals. This book sheds light on recent shifts in education and citizenship, helping the public to understand not only how schools now work, but also how citizens can take an active role in shaping them. It provides citizens with tools, habits, practices, and knowledge necessary to support schools. It offers a vision of how we can cultivate citizens who will continue to support public schools and thereby keep democracy strong.

scholarly journals Public Bus Accessibility and its Implications in Energy and Environment: A Case Study of Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Anita Prajapati ◽  
Tri Ratna Bajracharya ◽  
Nawraj Bhattarai ◽  
Yngve Karl Froyen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
The Impact

Growing demand for transport activities has raised numerous transport problems, mainly traffic congestion, environmental and energy issues. Efficient public bus services can be one of the sustainable solutions for meeting local transport demands. But the inefficient operation of public bus services in most of the developing countries has worsened the situation. The multiple service providers, in such open market, compete with each other for their own benefits by adding the number of bus services rather than providing excellent services to users. Accordingly, the number of buses increases that result in higher energy demand and GHG emission. This paper thus aims to analyze the impact of such informal and unregulated transport system prevalent in most of the developing countries focusing mainly on energy and the environment point of views. The study is carried out for the case of Kathmandu valley where the public bus service is owned and operated by multiple service providers. ArcGIS is used to model a public bus network using data available from an open street map. Potential Impact on energy and environment is analyzed using energy modeling tool LEAP. Results show that considerable improvement in energy and emissions can be achieved by improving the public bus services. This paper thus highlights the need for investment in improving access to good public bus services for the sustainable transport planning of the valley.

The feasibility of investment in the religious heritage in anti-corruption efforts in Palestinian public organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad W. Hanini
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the feasibility of investing the religious heritage in anti-corruption efforts in public organizations in Palestine. The study sought to measure the current status of public organizations, if they are investing the religious heritage in the efforts of encountering corruption. Further, the study sought to measure the attitudes and future expectations if there is an integration of the religious heritage in the current anti-corruption efforts. Design/methodology/approach This study combines two folds: First, theoretical and qualitative, through research in previous studies, texts and religious attitude of corruption, historical models and international experiences that have tried to invest in it and incorporate it in anti-corruption efforts, which are generalizable generic models; and the second: a field empirical part, through the researcher use of a questionnaire tool and analyzing it statistically, in addition to ensuring the possibility of using religion in anti-corruption efforts within the Palestinian public institutions which will eventually enable us to answer the study questions. Findings The study found that the reality of investment in the religious heritage in anti-corruption efforts in the Palestinian public sector is present in a moderate degree (56.8%), both in rules and regulations, in strategic plans or policies, or in the internal systems and the organizational culture of the public institutions. With regard to the attitudes of the employees toward corruption and the way of their formulation to these attitudes either if they are influenced by the religious heritage or the law or by the eight reasons mentioned previously in this study, it is obvious that the employees attitudes toward corruption are formulated first from a religious perspectives and second from a legal perspective. Regarding their attitudes and their agreement level toward the investment of the religious heritage in anti-corruption in the Palestinian public sector was high (75.9%), as well as their future expectations in case the religious heritage is invested in anti-corruption efforts was in a high degree (74.1%). Therefore, the authors conclude that there is a feasibility of religious heritage investment in anti-corruption efforts in the Palestinian public sector in case it is accredited and integrated in anti-corruption strategies as a supportive factor but not as a substitute of other efforts. The study recommended that decision makers should adopt new anti-corruption policies and strategies compatible with these striking results through the rules, regulations and administrative decisions, or in the internal institutional system and the cultural organization, in the publications and declarations of the public institution, in special code of conduct based on the religious heritage, in the training of the employees and designing new proposals to integrate the religious heritage in anti-corruption efforts in parallel with the permanent evaluation of these efforts after its application. Originality/value This study, The feasibility of investing in religious heritage in anti-corruption efforts, is different from the previously reviewed studies, as the previous studies were either philosophical or theoretical in nature, looking at the relationship between religion and corruption or empirical, but in a different environment and society than the society of this study. The general purpose of this research is to identify the impact of religious perceptions on corruption in the behavior of public officials in the Palestinian public sector as it is on the ground, and whether their attitudes were affected by corruption with their religious beliefs? Do they welcome the investment of religion in the fight against corruption and what are their expectations if this is done in institutional, strategic or policy context.

scholarly journals Travelers’ Acceptance of Electric Carsharing Systems in Developing Countries: The Case of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanduy Tran ◽  
Shengchuan Zhao ◽  
El Bachir Diop ◽  
Weiya Song
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
The Impact

Emerging electric carsharing (EC) systems have demonstrated their advantages and attracted public attention. The number of EC systems is growing throughout the world, especially in metropolitan areas in developing countries. For successful implementation, developers need to understand the public acceptance of EC services. In this study, we sought to determine the factors that affect EC acceptance in the context of developing countries. The study involved 437 individuals, aged between 18 and 65 years, who were randomly sampled from an EC service area in China. The determinants of EC acceptance were investigated based on an extended version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and tested by using Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicated that hedonic motivation (HM) has a powerful effect on behavioral intention (BI) to use the EC service in the future. Performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), and familiarity with the carsharing concept (FM) also influenced EC’s acceptance. However, the impact of social influence (SI) did not emerge from this study. The results also revealed that gender moderates the effects of EE and FM on BI. Age moderated the effect of FM on BI and unexpectedly moderated the impact of HM on BI. The present study confirmed the validity of the UTAUT research model in predicting the intention to use an EC system in developing countries. Implications and recommendations for government and EC developers are also discussed.

Opportunities for auditing research: back to our interdisciplinary roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hay
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review potential areas for interdisciplinary research in auditing. Approach The paper reflects on the relevance of the findings from auditing research, and discusses an example from medical research. The medical example highlights how unexpected results can lead to surprising research findings. The paper then examines the areas in which further auditing research should be most valuable. Findings Auditing research is generally based on practical problems. It can be qualitative, quantitative, use mixed methods or be interdisciplinary. There are examples of each of these, including interdisciplinary research that has contributed to the auditing literature. The paper describes areas in which future research in auditing is likely to be valuable. These include research in developing countries, smaller entities and other settings that have not been widely researched; research in the public sector, including the impact of armchair auditors; research about the place of auditing in corporate governance; and research about the function of auditing in confirming earlier unaudited announcements. Practical implications Standard setters are becoming more aware of research and more likely to make evidence-based decisions about auditing standards. Originality/value The paper evaluates existing research and provides suggestions for future research.

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