New Methods for Specialized Lexicography: Brazilian Approach Examples [Neue Methoden der Fachlexikographie: Beispiele des brasilianischen Ansatzes / Nouvelles méthodes pour la lexicographie spécialisée: l’exemple de l’approche brésilienne]

Author(s):  
Maria José Bocorny Finatto

AbstractThis paper presents theoretical and methodological approaches to Terminology that are well known in Brazil, giving special attention to the production of dictionaries and similar reference work based on corpora. A collation of the many theoretical approaches and terminography practices is provided, inviting the reader to learn more about Special-Language Lexicography (SLL) in Brazil. In order to better illustrate Brazilian terminography production, a background on three different terminographic reference works recently developed in the Brazilian scenario using corpora is brought forth: a dictionary about ceramic tiles, a glossary of Oncomastology and an extensive dictionary of Dermatology. At the end of this paper, information about computational resources, such as ontologies and tools for representation of text-based content, is introduced, indicating new methodological approaches for new dictionaries.

The papers collected in this third volume of Oxford Studies in Experimental Philosophy illustrate the ways in which the field continues to broaden, taking on new methodological approaches and interacting with substantive theories from an ever wider array of disciplines. As the papers themselves clearly show, some recent research in experimental philosophy is going more deeply into well-established questions in the field, but at the same time, other strands of research are exploring issues that hardly appeared at all in the field even a few years ago. Thus, we see the introduction of new empirical and statistical methods (network analysis), new theoretical approaches (formal semantics), and the development of entirely new interdisciplinary connections (in the emerging field of “experimental jurisprudence”)


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Angel Paniagua

Rural differentiation processes have formed the backbone of rural studies. Owing to the strength of rural–urban and local–global relationships, the theoretical approaches to rural restructuring in the Anglo-Saxon world and new rurality in Latin America only have a limited capacity to explain contemporary global phenomena of rural spaces. Due to this, transverse theoretical and methodological approaches have emerged to explain social, environmental and spatial (rural) processes. Here, a new approach is proposed called the individual–global field, based on the individual–global binary category to substitute the traditional relevance of the locality–community–globality association This new approach tries to reinvigorate rural geography in a more flexible way, based on minor theory, to adapt to all the phenomena that can occur globally. In any case, various spatial planes are proposed, dominated by specific socioeconomic processes on which the rural individual would move.


Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Andreea Crintea ◽  
Alina Gabriela Dutu ◽  
Gabriel Samasca ◽  
Ioan Alexandru Florian ◽  
Iulia Lupan ◽  
...  

Even though there are various types of cancer, this pathology as a whole is considered the principal cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer is known as a heterogeneous condition, and it is apparent that genome modification presents a significant role in the occurrence of this disorder. There are conventional procedures that can be utilized against diverse cancer types, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but they are hampered by the numerous side effects. Owing to the many adverse events observed in these therapies, it is imperative to continuously develop new and improved strategies for managing individuals with cancer. Nanomedicine plays an important role in establishing new methods for detecting chromosomal rearrangements and mutations for targeted chemotherapeutics or the local delivery of drugs via different types of nano-particle carriers to the lungs or other organs or areas of interest. Because of the complex signaling pathways involved in developing different types of cancer, the need to discover new methods for prevention and detection is crucial in producing gene delivery materials that exhibit the desired roles. Scientists have confirmed that nanotechnology-based procedures are more effective than conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, with minor side effects. Several nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanosystems have been studied, including liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, micelles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes, and even siRNA delivery systems. The cytotoxicity of such nanosystems is a debatable concern, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems must be improved to increase the bioavailability, biocompatibility, and safety profiles, since these nanosystems boast a remarkable potential in many biomedical applications, including anti-tumor activity or gene therapy. In this review, the nanosystems involved in treating lung cancer and its associated challenges are discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhong Chen ◽  
Anabel Quan-Haase

The hype around big data does not seem to abate nor do the scandals. Privacy breaches in the collection, use, and sharing of big data have affected all the major tech players, be it Facebook, Google, Apple, or Uber, and go beyond the corporate world including governments, municipalities, and educational and health institutions. What has come to light is that enabled by the rapid growth of social media and mobile apps, various stakeholders collect and use large amounts of data, disregarding the ethics and politics. As big data touch on many realms of daily life and have profound impacts in the social world, the scrutiny around big data practice becomes increasingly relevant. This special issue investigates the ethics and politics of big data using a wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches. Together, the articles provide new understandings of the many dimensions of big data ethics and politics, showing it is important to understand and increase awareness of the biases and limitations inherent in big data analysis and practices.


2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
N N Blokhina

The article describes the activities of the Pokrovsky monastery-hospital in Kiev, created by the efforts of the Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna (1838-1900), who took the monastic vows in 1889 under the name Anastasia. The monastery became widely known in the late XIX - early XX century for the highly skilled medical aid provided to the population since its inception up to the events of 1917. It was a unique complex of medical settings located in the same area and equipped with modern medical equipment comparable with the many World’s clinics of that time. In this monastery-hospital, pilgrims with different diseases who came at Pokrovsky monastery in Kiev were provided the required qualified, affordable medical care. Thanks to the Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna, her attentive attitude to all the latest innovations, novel treatment methods were developed and introduced to the work of monastery medical settings. In addition, she was able to create a special atmosphere and goodwill towards the sick. But, being engaged in devising new methods of providing medical care to patients, she was able to create a special and inviting atmosphere with respect to the patient. With the ever-increasing circle of her organizational and economic activities, being in charge of the monastery-hospital problems of great importance, Grand Duchess reserved the right to nurse her patients. She worked by vocation, at the behest of the soul. Her example of selfless labor in the monastery medical settings where monastic sisters held the medical staff responsibilities for the patients care was important for all of the staff. Her assistants - Sisters of Charity - she fostered by her own example of selfless aid to a sick person. This favorable work atmosphere was very effective helping cure the sick.


2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Craig

The notion that queer theory and feminism are inevitably in tension with one another has been well developed both by queer and feminist theorists. Queer theorists have critiqued feminist theories for being anti-sex, overly moralistic, essentialist, and statist. Feminist theorists have rejected queer theory as being uncritically pro-sex and dangerously protective of the private sphere. Unfortunately these reductionist accounts of what constitutes a plethora of diverse, eclectic and overlapping theoretical approaches to issues of sex, gender, and sexuality, often fail to account for the circumstances where these methodological approaches converge on legal projects aimed at advancing the complex justice interests of women and sexual minorities. A recent decision from the Ontario Court of Justice addressing a three-parent family law dispute involving gay and lesbian litigants demonstrates why recognition of the convergences between feminist and queer legal theories can advance both queer and feminist justice projects. The objective of this article is to demonstrate, through different and converging interpretations of this case that draw on some of the theoretical insights offered in a new anthology called Feminist and Queer Legal Theory, one rather straight-forward claim. The claim advanced here is that activists, advocates, litigants and judges are all well served by approaching complex legal problems involving sex, sexuality and gender with as many “methods” for pursuing and achieving justice as possible.La notion que la théorie homosexuelle et le féminisme sont inévitablement en conflit l’un avec l’autre a été bien développée à la fois par les théoriciens et théoriciennes homosexuels et féministes. Les théoriciens et théoriciennes homosexuels ont critiqué les théories féministes les qualifiant d’être anti-sexe, trop moralistes, essentialistes et étatistes. Les théoriciens et théoriciennes féministes ont rejeté la théorie homosexuelle la qualifiant d’être pro-sexe sans esprit critique et dangereusement protectrice du domaine privé. Malheureusement, ces descriptions réductionnistes de ce qui constitue une pléthore d’approches théoriques aux questions de sexe, de genre et de sexualité qui sont diverses, éclectiques et qui se chevauchent manquent fréquemment de tenir compte de circonstances où ces approches méthodologiques convergent sur des projets légaux visant à faire avancer les intérêts juridiques complexes des femmes et des minorités sexuelles. Une décision récente de la Cour de justice de l’Ontario portant sur un litige en droit de la famille entre trois parents et impliquant des parties homosexuelles et lesbiennes démontre pourquoi la reconnaissance des convergences entre les théories juridiques féministes et homosexuelles peut faire avancer à la fois les projets légaux homosexuels et féministes. Le but de cet article n’est pas de suggérer qu’une seule «théorie juridique féministe homosexuelle» convergente soit possible, ou même désirable. Plutôt, le but est de démontrer, par le biais d’interprétations différentes et convergentes de ce cas qui s’inspirent de certaines intuitions théoriques présentées dans une nouvelle anthologie intitulée Feminist and Queer Legal Theory, une proposition assez simple. La proposition avancée ici est que les activistes, les avocats, les parties à un litige et les juges sont tous bien servis en abordant des problèmes légaux complexes au sujet de sexe, de sexualité et de genre avec autant de «méthodes» que possible pour considérer la justice dans tous ses détails.


Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Anatoly Alabugin ◽  
Sergei Aliukov

The imperfection of theoretical and methodological approaches to regulate the jump process transition when combining differentiated energy resources is a pressing issue. The goal of this paper is to develop a theory and a method to regulate the integration-balancing processes of combining diversified resources. The concept of combining integration and balancing models has been substantiated by methods of transforming multidimensional space and approximating generalized functions that represent jump-like processes. Theoretical and operational-regulatory models of economic sustainability have been developed, substantiating new concepts, patterns, properties, dependencies and indicators of the dynamics of the processes of combination; the optimality conditions for the number of approximations of generalized functions, interpreting the effects of control functions of combining resources, are determined. New methods for solving problems have been developed: the organization of the energy technology complex of facilities for enhanced resource diversification and the Center for Sustainability, improving the quality of managing dynamic processes in terms of combining and diversifying resources.


Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Olthof

AbstractThis study investigates the formal variation in elements involved in incorporation structures. Although it has traditionally been assumed that only stems can be incorporated, several languages also show incorporation of formally more complex elements. Most theoretical approaches to incorporation are, however, limited to incorporated stems and the few that do include more complex forms consider the incorporation of simple and complex elements separate processes. The present study, by contrast, recognizes the many shared characteristics between incorporation structures with simple and complex elements and adopts the approach to incorporation advocated in Functional Discourse Grammar, which proposes a unified account of incorporated simple stems, derived stems, inflected words, phrases and clauses. In addition, the study hypothesizes that these forms constitute an implicational hierarchy, i. e., that more complex incorporated elements only occur in languages that also allow the incorporation of all simpler forms. Results from a typological study of incorporated elements in a variety sample of 30 incorporating languages show that all forms except clauses are indeed found incorporated and that the hypothesized implicational pattern holds. The study thus demonstrates that the incorporation of simple and complex elements is interrelated, supporting a unified treatment of incorporated elements of different degrees of complexity.


Legal Studies ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Ward

In 1979, Allen Smith suggested that there was to be a ‘coming renaissance’ in Law and Literature as a teaching discipline. In fact, Law and Literature had already arrived. In 1973, James Boyd White had publishedhis The Legal Imagination, and had geared it primarily to the teaching and study of law. Of the many intriguing characteristics of the Law and Literature movement, one of the most exciting and most valuable, is the fact that, unlike many other theoretical approaches to the problems of law, the ambition of Law and Literature is firstly educative, and only then, secondly, social and political. Moreover this secondary ambition, has tended, in two senses, to be appended to the educational ambition. In one sense, it is additional in that the political manifesto is supposed to emerge from the educational force of literature. In a second sense, it is additional because politics was certainly not such a ranking ambition in the earliest days of the Law and Literature movement, and it is no concidence that the politicization of Law and Literature has come about as its star has risen, whilst that of Critical Legal Studies has declined


2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Uher

In the broadest sense, personality refers to stable inter‐individual variability in behavioural organisation within a particular population. Researching personality in human as well as nonhuman species provides unique possibilities for comparisons across species with different phylogenies, ecologies and social systems. It also allows insights into mechanisms and processes of the evolution of population differences within and between species. The enormous diversity across species entails particular challenges to methodology. This paper explores theoretical approaches and analytical methods of deriving dimensions of inter‐individual variability on different population levels from a personality trait perspective. The existing diversity suggests that some populations, especially some species, may exhibit different or even unique trait domains. Therefore, a methodology is needed that identifies ecologically valid and comprehensive representations of the personality variation within each population. I taxonomise and compare current approaches in their suitability for this task. I propose a new bottom–up approach—the behavioural repertoire approach—that is tailored to the specific methodological requirements of comparative personality research. Initial empirical results in nonhuman primates emphasise the viability of this approach and highlight interesting implications for human personality research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


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