scholarly journals Novel GIMS technique for deposition of colored Ti/TiO₂ coatings on industrial scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Zdunek ◽  
Lukasz Skowroński ◽  
Rafal Chodun ◽  
Katarzyna Nowakowska-Langier ◽  
Andrzej Grabowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Injection ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Industrial Facility ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Process Measurements ◽  
20 Nm

AbstractThe aim of the present paper has been to verify the effectiveness and usefulness of a novel deposition process named GIMS (Gas Injection Magnetron Sputtering) used for the flrst time for deposition of Ti/TiO₂ coatings on large area glass Substrates covered in the condition of industrial scale production. The Ti/TiO₂ coatings were deposited in an industrial System utilizing a set of linear magnetrons with the length of 2400 mm each for covering the 2000 × 3000 mm glasses. Taking into account the speciflc course of the GIMS (multipoint gas injection along the magnetron length) and the scale of the industrial facility, the optical coating uniformity was the most important goal to check. The experiments on Ti/TiO₂ coatings deposited by the use of GIMS were conducted on Substrates in the form of glass plates located at the key points along the magnetrons and intentionally non-heated during any stage of the process. Measurements of the coatings properties showed that the thickness and optical uniformity of the 150 nm thick coatings deposited by GIMS in the industrial facility (the thickness differences on the large plates with 2000 mm width did not exceed 20 nm) is fully acceptable form the point of view of expected applications e.g. for architectural glazing.

Developing Monolithically Integrated CdTe Devices Deposited by AP-MOCVD

2013 ◽  
Vol 1538 ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
S.L. Rugen-Hankey ◽  
V. Barrioz ◽  
A. J. Clayton ◽  
G. Kartopu ◽  
S.J.C. Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glass ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Monolithically Integrated ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Laser Scribing

ABSTRACTThin film deposition process and integrated scribing technologies are key to forming large area Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) modules. In this paper, baseline Cd1-xZnxS/CdTe solar cells were deposited by atmospheric-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (AP-MOCVD) onto commercially available ITO coated boro-aluminosilicate glass substrates. Thermally evaporated gold contacts were compared with a screen printed stack of carbon/silver back contacts in order to move towards large area modules. P2 laser scribing parameters have been reported along with a comparison of mechanical and laser scribing process for the scribe lines, using a UV Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm and 532 nm fiber laser.

Industrial-Scale Production of High-Quality Graphene Sheets by Millstone Grinders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Lv ◽  
Xiaoshi Li ◽  
Zihan Zhang ◽  
Biao Nie ◽  
Yiliang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Area ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Art Methods ◽  
Mechanical Cleavage

Abstract Graphene exhibits a variety of unprecedented innate properties and has sparked great interest in both fundamental science and regarding prospective commercial applications. To meet the ever-increasing demand for high-quality graphene sheets, an industrial-scale, reliable, environmental-friendly, low-cost production process is required. However, large-scale production high quality graphene remains elusive. Here we demonstrate a scalable mechanical cleavage method for large-quantity production of high quality large-area and few-layer graphene sheets by introducing a millstone grinding process. The average thickness of the graphene sheets is around 5 nm. This procedure is simpler than the state-of-the-art methods that allows for scalable preparation of graphene dispersion in hundreds of litres by mechanical cleavage of graphite, and the yield is 30-40%. The size of the prepared graphene sheets can be tuneable from few micrometres to tens of micrometres by varying the dimension of raw graphite, which is larger than that produced by the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, comparing to conductive agents, the conductivity of wafers containing graphene can be increased by one order of magnitude, suggesting a high potential of the prepared graphene sheets for the application as conductive agent in lithium battery cathodes. This allows the requirements of different sizes graphene sheets for industry applications in different fields.

Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Based Solar Cells and Modules on Textured Zinc Oxide Coated Glass Substrates

2003 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Rech ◽  
Joachim Müller ◽  
Tobias Repmann ◽  
Oliver Kluth ◽  
Tobias Roschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Silicon Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Laser Scribing

AbstractThis paper addresses scientific and technological efforts to develop highly efficient silicon thin film solar modules on glass substrates. We present a comprehensive study of μc-Si:H p-i-n single junction and a-Si:H/μc-Si:H stacked solar cells prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) at 13.56 MHz excitation frequency. In the first step cell development was performed in a small area PECVD reactor showing the relationship between deposition process and resulting solar cell performance. Subsequent up-scaling to a substrate area of 30×30 cm2 confirmed the scalability to large area reactors. Moreover, we developed textured ZnO:Al films by sputtering and post deposition wet chemical etching as front contact TCO-material with excellent light scattering properties. A-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem cells developed on this textured ZnO yielded stable efficiencies up to 11.2 % for a cell area of 1 cm2. First solar modules were prepared in our recently installed process technology, which includes PECVD, sputtering, texture etching and laser scribing on substrate sizes up to 30x30 cm2. Initial module efficiencies of 10.8 % and 10.1 % were achieved for aperture areas of 64 cm2 and 676 cm2, respectively.

Computer simulation study about the dependence of amorphous silicon photonic waveguides efficiency on the material quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 30502
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fantoni ◽  
João Costa ◽  
Paulo Lourenço ◽  
Manuela Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sidewall Roughness ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Fabrication Defects ◽  
The Impact

Amorphous silicon PECVD photonic integrated devices are promising candidates for low cost sensing applications. This manuscript reports a simulation analysis about the impact on the overall efficiency caused by the lithography imperfections in the deposition process. The tolerance to the fabrication defects of a photonic sensor based on surface plasmonic resonance is analysed. The simulations are performed with FDTD and BPM algorithms. The device is a plasmonic interferometer composed by an a-Si:H waveguide covered by a thin gold layer. The sensing analysis is performed by equally splitting the input light into two arms, allowing the sensor to be calibrated by its reference arm. Two different 1 × 2 power splitter configurations are presented: a directional coupler and a multimode interference splitter. The waveguide sidewall roughness is considered as the major negative effect caused by deposition imperfections. The simulation results show that plasmonic effects can be excited in the interferometric waveguide structure, allowing a sensing device with enough sensitivity to support the functioning of a bio sensor for high throughput screening. In addition, the good tolerance to the waveguide wall roughness, points out the PECVD deposition technique as reliable method for the overall sensor system to be produced in a low-cost system. The large area deposition of photonics structures, allowed by the PECVD method, can be explored to design a multiplexed system for analysis of multiple biomarkers to further increase the tolerance to fabrication defects.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERIZED MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE MOBILE ROBOT’S POSITIONING ON LARGE FERROMAGNETIC SURFACES BASED ON INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES. COMPLEX OF TASKS OF MONITORING AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF MOBILE

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Yao Yueqin ◽  
Oleksiy Kozlov ◽  
Oleksandr Gerasin ◽  
Galyna Kondratenko
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Computerized Monitoring ◽  
And Control

Analysis and formalization of the monitoring and automatic control tasks of the MR for the movement and execution of various types of technological operations on inclined and vertical ferromagnetic surfaces are obtained. Generalized structure of mobile robotic complex is shown with main subsystems consideration. Critical analysis of the current state of the problem of development of universal structures of mobile robots (MRs) for the various types of technological operations execution and elaborations of computerized systems for monitoring and control of MR movement is done. In particular, wheeled, walked and crawler type MRs with pneumatic, vacuum-propeller, magnetic and magnetically operated clamping devices to grip with vertical and ceiling surfaces are reviewed. The constructive features of the crawler MR with magnetic clamping devices capable of moving along sloping ferromagnetic surfaces are considered. The basic technical parameters of the MR are shown for the further synthesis of computerized monitoring and automatic control systems. Formalization of the tasks of monitoring and control of the MR positioning at the processing of large area ferromagnetic surfaces is considered from the point of view of control theory.

Recombinant Protein Production in Microalgae: Emerging Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niaz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Aamer Mehmood ◽  
Sana Malik
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chloroplast Transformation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Transformation ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Algal Chloroplast

: In recent years, microalgae have emerged as an alternative platform for large-scale production of recombinant proteins for different commercial applications. As a production platform, it has several advantages, including rapid growth, easily scale up and ability to grow with or without the external carbon source. Genetic transformation of several species has been established. Of these, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has become significantly attractive for its potential to express foreign proteins inexpensively. All its three genomes – nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplastic – have been sequenced. As a result, a wealth of information about its genetic machinery, protein expression mechanism (transcription, translation and post-translational modifications) is available. Over the years, various molecular tools have been developed for the manipulation of all these genomes. Various studies show that the transformation of the chloroplast genome has several advantages over nuclear transformation from the biopharming point of view. According to a recent survey, over 100 recombinant proteins have been expressed in algal chloroplasts. However, the expression levels achieved in the algal chloroplast genome are generally lower compared to the chloroplasts of higher plants. Work is therefore needed to make the algal chloroplast transformation commercially competitive. In this review, we discuss some examples from the algal research, which could play their role in making algal chloroplast commercially successful.

Large-Area Ti3C2Tx-MXene Coating: Toward Industrial-Scale Fabrication and Molecular Separation

ACS Nano ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hoon Kim ◽  
Gyeong Seok Park ◽  
Yong-Jae Kim ◽  
Eunji Choi ◽  
Junhyeok Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Molecular Separation

scholarly journals Injectable Hydrogels: From Laboratory to Industrialization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Alonso ◽  
Jon Andrade del Olmo ◽  
Raul Perez Gonzalez ◽  
Virginia Saez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Injectable Hydrogels ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Process Validation ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The transfer of some innovative technologies from the laboratory to industrial scale is many times not taken into account in the design and development of some functional materials such as hydrogels to be applied in the biomedical field. There is a lack of knowledge in the scientific field where many aspects of scaling to an industrial process are ignored, and products cannot reach the market. Injectable hydrogels are a good example that we have used in our research to show the different steps needed to follow to get a product in the market based on them. From synthesis and process validation to characterization techniques used and assays performed to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product, following regulation, several well-defined protocols must be adopted. Therefore, this paper summarized all these aspects due to the lack of knowledge that exists about the industrialization of injectable products with the great importance that it entails, and it is intended to serve as a guide on this area to non-initiated scientists. More concretely, in this work, the characteristics and requirements for the development of injectable hydrogels from the laboratory to industrial scale is presented in terms of (i) synthesis techniques employed to obtain injectable hydrogels with tunable desired properties, (ii) the most common characterization techniques to characterize hydrogels, and (iii) the necessary safety and efficacy assays and protocols to industrialize and commercialize injectable hydrogels from the regulatory point of view. Finally, this review also mentioned and explained a real example of the development of a natural hyaluronic acid hydrogel that reached the market as an injectable product.

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