Effect of friction time on tensile strength and metallurgical properties of friction welded dissimilar aluminum alloy joints

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1097-1103
Author(s):  
M. Bakkiyaraj ◽  
A. K. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
S. Yuvaraj ◽  
P. K. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Dissimilar Metals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Metallurgical Properties ◽  
Metallurgical Bonding ◽  
Friction Pressure ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Dissimilar (AA6061 & AA7075-T6) friction welded aluminum joints were taken into the investigation to correlate the influences of friction time on tensile and metallurgical properties. The dissimilar metals were welded by varying the friction time from 2 s to 6 s with the following constant parameters: a rotating speed of 1200 rpm, friction pressure of 35 MPa, upset pressure of 35 MPa, and upset time of 3 s. The higher friction time during joint fabrication needs to be selected to attain good metallurgical bonding between rubbing surfaces. The highest tensile strength of 228 MPa was attained when the friction time was given as 4 s. Furthermore, the increase in friction time widened the width and reduced the hardness of the heat affected zone on the AA6061 side where joint failure occurred. Finally, the metallurgical features of the dissimilar specimens were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Other details related to the characterization and results of the testing were recounted.

Characteristics of Ni–Cr–Fe laser clad layers on EA4T steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (16-19) ◽  
pp. 1744031
Author(s):  
Wenjing Chen ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Yongjing Wang ◽  
Congchen Li ◽  
Xiaoli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Metallurgical Bonding ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Feeding Speed ◽  
Upper Bainite ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Ni–Cr–Fe metal powder was deposited on EA4T steel by laser cladding technology. The microstructure and chemical composition of the cladding layer were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bonding ability between the cladding layer and the matrix was measured. The results showed that the bonding between the cladding layer and the EA4T steel was metallurgical bonding. The microstructure of cladding layer was composed of planar crystals, columnar crystals and dendrite, which consisted of Cr2Ni3, [Formula: see text] phase, M[Formula: see text]C6 and Ni3B phases. When the powder feeding speed reached 4 g/min, the upper bainite occurred in the heat affected zone (HAZ). Moreover, the tensile strength of the joint increased, while the yield strength and the ductility decreased.

Study on Microstructure and Property of Diffusion-Bonded Mo-Cu Joints

2012 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Guo Qiang Luo ◽  
Mei Juan Li ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Lian Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mo and Cu Were Bonded Successfully by Means of Vacuum Diffusion Bonding. The Interfacial Structure of the Joints Was Studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), the Mechanical Property Is Tested by Tensile Strength Measurement. The Results Showed that the Differentatoms Diffused to each other in the Bonding Process. A Mo-Cu Solid Solution Was Formed in the Joint and with No Intermetallic Compounds. The Tensile Strength of the Joint Increased with the Increasing of Temperature, however, while the Holding Time Increased, the Strength Increased in the First Stages and then Decreases. It Were Observed that the Fracture Mode of the Joints Was a Brittle Fracture.

scholarly journals Interface Microstructure and Nanoindentation Characterization of Laser Offset Welded 5052 Aluminum to Press-Hardened Steel Using a Brass Interlayer

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Cao ◽  
Xiongfeng Zhou ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
Zhi Luo ◽  
Ji’an Duan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Interface Microstructure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Laser offset welding of 5052 aluminum to press-hardened steel using a brass interlayer was carried out. The cross-sectioned macrostructure and tensile strength were governed by varying the thickness of the brass interlayer. The maximum tensile strength reached 56.4 MPa when the thickness of brass interlayer was 0.05 mm. Subsequently, the interface microstructure, the nanoindentation characterization, and the fracture behavior were evaluated experimentally by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and micro-X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD), respectively. It was found that the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the interface consisted of an Fe2Al5 layer and an FeAl layer, and the estimated nanohardness of Fe2Al5, FeAl, and Fe3Al were 16.11 GPa, 9.48 GPa, and 4.13 GPa, respectively. The fracture of the joint with the 0.05 mm brass interlayer was a mixture of cleavage fracture and intergranular fracture, while that of the joint with the 0.1 mm brass interlayer exhibited the characterization of a major dendrite arm, leaving a metallurgical connected zone consisting of the Al2Cu and the α-Al phase.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Counter Gravity Mold Filling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Aluminium

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506
Author(s):  
Vineet Chak ◽  
Himadri Chattopadhyay ◽  
Md. Mahfooz Alam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mold Cavity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cast Aluminium ◽  
Cavity Filling ◽  
Scanning Electron

In present study an effort has been made to investigate the effect of changing the mode of mold cavity filling on mechanical properties and microstructure of cast aluminium. The pouring of the melt in mold cavity is avoided so as to check defects associated with it and instead of pouring, counter gravity filling of mold technique is utilized. The obtained properties and microstructure are compared with gravity poured (traditionally cast) aluminium. Characterization techniques like optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and mechanical testing like tensile and hardness of the cast samples is carried out. Hardness and tensile strength reported an increment of 22.37% and 26.71% respectively as compared to traditionally cast specimens. This enhancement in mechanical properties was attributed to improved microstructure obtained.

Morphology, rheology and biodegradation of oxo-degradable polypropylene/polylactide blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dev K. Mandal ◽  
Haripada Bhunia ◽  
Pramod K. Bajpai ◽  
Chandrasekhar V. Chaudhari ◽  
Kumar A. Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Calcium Stearate ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biodegradability Test ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe blends of polypropylene (PP)/polylactide (PLA) with or without compatibilizer, and with pro-oxidant (cobalt stearate/calcium stearate) and pro-oxidant filled PP were prepared by using the melt blending technique. Films of these blends were prepared by compression molding. PP85PL15 and PP85PL15MA4 were the optimum blends from the tensile strength point of view. The improvement in the tensile strength of PP85PL15MA4 blend was achieved by addition of 4 phr compatibilizer. Cobalt stearate and calcium stearate were added separately to PP85PL15MA4 blend in 0.2% (w/w) ratio. The optimized blends were further characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, rheological studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biodegradability test. Rheological studies confirmed the pseudo-plastic nature of all the blend samples. SEM studies have revealed that the addition of PLA in PP85PL15 enhances the void and roughness on the blend. All the prepared blends have biodegraded in the composting environment and the blend containing pro-oxidant biodegraded to the maximum extent.

Effect of PVP content on the quaternized polysulfone in blend membranes

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aibin Huang ◽  
Chaobo Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Blend Membrane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blend Membranes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractA series of blend membranes of quaternized polysulfone (QPSF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were obtained by a novel method. The procedure of quaternization of chloromethylated polysulfone and the process of blend are synchronous. These blend membranes, prepared with quaternized polysulfone (QPSF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degrees of swelling of the membranes in some solvent were also measured. The ionic resistances of the membranes were measured too. With the increasing of PVP content, the properties of the membranes have changed. The tensile strength of blend membrane dropped while the degrees of swelling of the membranes in water increased. The ionic resistance of the membrane dropped with the PVP content increasing in blend membranes. The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has good compatibility with quaternized polysulfone in blend membranes.

Study of Ageing Treatment on Spray Forming Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 1835-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ming Su ◽  
Ying Dong Qu ◽  
Run Xia Li ◽  
Rong De Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Spray Forming ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Peak Value

The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (7A04) alloys were prepared by using the method of spraying forming and the hot extrusion. The changes of microstructure and mechanical properties of the spray deposited Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy underwent ageing, regression and reageing treatment (RRA) was studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and other methods. The results show that the tensile strength of the alloy aged at 120°C for 24 hours can reach the peak value (760MPa), but the elongation is only 4.8 percent. The toughness of the alloy regression treated at 160°C for 2 hours can increase to 9.0 percent, but its tensile strength decreases greatly (680MPa). The reaging treatment at 120°C can make the tensile strength up to 740MPa, while the elongation which is 8.2 percent still keeps a higher level.

Effect of MOS2-Based Composite Coatings on Tribological Behavior and Efficiency of Gear

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibo He ◽  
Sungki Lyu ◽  
Chursoo Her
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Mos2 Coating ◽  
Scanning Electron

MoS2-based Ti composite coatings were deposited on the AISI 4118 alloy and gears using an RF magnetron sputtering (RFMS) system. While MoS2 coating had been coated on the silicon substrate. The coatings structures were compared to each other to find the effect of Ti. The composite coatings have been performed by a ball-on-disk tribometer to investigate tribological behavior at various conditions. The structure of the coatings has been extensively studied by a variety of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc, respectively. The composite coatings were also applied the gears of a reduction gearbox. The efficiencies of uncoated and coated gear with MoS2 based Ti coatings were measured and compared at various input rotating speed under absorption oil film condition. It was found that the efficiency of gear had significantly improved after MoS2-based Ti composite coatings deposition.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Modeling of Influence of Nickel and Titanium Content on the Structure and Selected Properties of Tin Bronzes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 5944
Author(s):  
Janusz Kozana ◽  
Aldona Garbacz-Klempka ◽  
Marcin Piękoś ◽  
Małgorzata Perek-Nowak ◽  
Paweł Pałka
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Titanium Content ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tin Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alloying Additions ◽  
Crystallisation Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

Investigations are conducted in order to maintain or to improve the selected properties of the group of foundry copper-tin alloys with nickel and titanium additions, at a limited fraction of the critical (deficit) element such as tin. The crystallisation process, as well as changes of the microstructure and selected mechanical properties of the CuSn8 alloy—occurring due to introducing alloying additions—were analysed. Investigations of the macro and microstructure were performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the thermal analysis and thermodynamic modelling using the CALPHAD (CALculations of PHAse Diagrams) method, the crystallisation process was analysed. The identification of phases was performed by XRD (X-ray diffraction). In addition, such parameters as tensile strength-UTS, elongation-A and hardness-HBS were tested. Under the influence of the introduced titanium, the columnar crystals are reduced due to the crystallisation of the alloy at the walls of the mould. Precipitations (intermetallic phases) crystallize first (primary). The intermetallic phases associated with the presence of the alloying elements nickel and titanium are located in the interdendritic regions. In tin bronzes with titanium additions, hardness (HBS) increases, tensile strength (UTS) negligibly decreases, while elongation (A) significantly decreases. In the case of CuSnNi bronze, the addition of 0.2 wt.% Ti increases the hardness and increases ultimate tensile strength (UTS), while reducing the elongation (A). Higher Ti additions increase HBS, slightly decrease the tensile strength, and significantly reduce the elongation.

scholarly journals STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Hien Quang Pham ◽  
Son Thanh Thanh Do ◽  
Nieu Huu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

Natural rubber (NR), 30% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR30) and organoclays (Nanomer I28E and I30E) are blended in Brabender. Dispersions of the organoclay in NR are investigated by X – ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed the increase of dispersion efficiency by the addition of ENR30 as a compatibilizer. The existence of organoclay I28E reduces the vulcanization time, while torque value increases slightly and mechanical properties (abrasion resistance, modulus M100, modulus M300, tensile strength, tear strength) are improved considerably.

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