scholarly journals The Impact of Government Funding on Competition in the Nonprofit Sector: An Integrative Model and Review of Empirical Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shena Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organizational Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChanges in the scope and structure of public sector funding over the past few decades have had significant effects on the organizational environment in which nonprofit organizations operate. This article presents an integrative model within which the empirical literature regarding government funding effects on nonprofits is reviewed. This model conceptualizes the effects as deriving from two discrete forces – supply dynamics that have immediate population-level influences and a set of implementation dynamics that shape competition via organizational effects. This integrated model provides coherence to the literature and supplies a framework for future research.

The new public service? Empirical research on job choice motivation in the nonprofit sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Word ◽  
Sung Min Park
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Choice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing the decision of managers to work in the nonprofit sector and how these choices are shaped by intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Additionally, this research examines the impact of job choice motivation on social, community and professional outcomes and the unique characteristics of managers in the nonprofit sector. Design/methodology/approach – This research employed data from the National Administrative Studies Project (NASP-III) survey, which measured the mid- and upper-level managers working in nonprofit organizations in Illinois and Georgia. The survey measured the manager’s perceptions of various organizational issues, including work motivation, mentoring and communication, career histories, hiring practices, and organizational cultures and structures. The data were then analyzed using a hierarchical regression model. Findings – The findings of this research support the idea that intrinsic motivation is an important aspect of job choice motivation for individuals in the nonprofit workforce. In addition, the findings suggest other characteristics, including policies that enhance work life balance (WLB), advancement, and job security, are important to understand the job choice motivations of nonprofit managers. This research also found not all types of nonprofit agencies attract similarly motivated individuals, or lead to equivalent community outcomes. Research limitations/implications – The organizations represented in the NASP III sample included more membership and professional associations than the overall nonprofit sector. This over representation partially limits the generalizability of these findings but it also allows the research to more thoroughly understand this unique subset of organizations that serve predominantly the narrow interests of their members. Practical implications – This research highlights the advantage nonprofit employers have over other organizations in terms of using intrinsic motivations to attract employees. However, the findings also suggest nonprofit organizations need to focus on human resource (HR) strategies including policies that enhance WLB, advancement, and job security to compete with other employers for talent. Finally, the research also suggests the need to tailor HR strategies to groups of nonprofit employees based upon important employee characteristics such as gender, job type, and prior career experience. Originality/value – This study extends a well-developed body of knowledge on motivations and selection of career paths to individuals working in the nonprofit sector. It also suggests variations among employees and organizations matter in terms of the type of individuals attracted to particular career path in nonprofits. Additionally, this research suggests future research needs to include more nuanced examinations of the differences which exist among organizations in the nonprofit sector rather than simply focussing upon similarities across the most prevalent types of nonprofit organizations.

ARNOVA's Symposium on Public Policy for Nonprofits

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Jeavons
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Public Charities ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Levels

There are serious gaps in our knowledge and understanding of how public policy at the federal, state, and local levels affects the work of a wide array of nonprofit organizations. On October 4th and 5th, 2010, the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Organizations (ARNOVA), with the support and encouragement of the Bill and Melinda Gates, Kresge and C.S. Mott foundations, convened a group of thirty nonprofit scholars and leaders to explore what we know about the impact of public policy on the nonprofit sector. The conference focused on how public policy helps or harms the ability of nonprofit organizations, particularly but not exclusively public charities, to fulfill their missions.

Empirical Literature on Economic Growth, 1991–2020: Uncovering Extant Gaps and Avenues for Future Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 097491012110616
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Doré ◽  
Aurora A. C. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

The factors required to achieve sustainable economic growth in a country are debated for decades, and empirical research in this regard continues to grow. Given the relevance of the topic and the absence of a comprehensive, systematic literature review, we used bibliometric techniques to examine and document several aspects in the empirical literature related to growth, from 1991 to 2020. Five main results are worth highlighting: (a) the share of empirical articles on economic growth show a clear upward trend; (b) among all the groups of countries considered, the emerging economies (EEs) have received the most scientific attention; (c) the economic growth processes of the Latin American and Caribbean EEs have observed negligible scientific attention; (d) the very long-run studies comprise a residual share among the empirical literature on growth; (e) the extant empirical studies on economic growth have addressed mainly the impact of “macroeconomic conditions.” Our findings suggest there is a need to redirect the empirical growth agenda, so as to encourage more scientific attention devoted to the analysis of key determinants of economic growth in the very long run. There should also be increased scrutiny of the processes of economic growth in Latin American and Caribbean EEs

scholarly journals Increasing the Size of the Pie: The Impact of Crowding on Nonprofit Sector Resources

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erynn Beaton ◽  
Hyunseok Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Human Services Organizations ◽  
Nonprofit Competition ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe number of nonprofit organizations is rapidly increasing, which has led nonprofit practitioners to complain of funding scarcity, nonprofit scholars to closely study nonprofit competition, and policymakers to consider increasing nonprofit barriers to entry. Underlying each of these perspectives is an assumption of limited financial resources. We empirically examine this assumption using county-level panel data on nonprofit human services organizations from the National Center for Charitable Statistics. Contrary to the limited resources assumption, our fixed-effects models show that increasing nonprofit density, at its current levels, has the effect of increasing sector financial resources in each county. We suggest that these findings prompt a tradeoff for policymakers. A sector with free market entry results in a nonprofit sector with more, smaller nonprofits, but such a sector may have the capacity to serve more people because it has more total sector financial resources. Conversely, a sector with higher barriers to entry would translate to a sector with fewer, larger nonprofits with less overall capacity due to fewer sector financial resources.

Impact of trade facilitation reforms on tax revenue

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the empirical literature of the macroeconomic effect of trade facilitation reforms by examining the impact of the latter on tax revenue in both developed and developing countries. The relevance of the topic lies on the fact that at the Bali Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2013, Trade Ministers agreed for the first time since the creation of the WTO (in 1995) on an Agreement to facilitate trade around the world, dubbed Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). The study considers both at-the-border and behind-the border measures of Trade Facilitation. Design/methodology/approach To conduct this study, the authors rely on the literature related to the structural factors that explain tax revenue mobilization. The authors mainly use within fixed effects estimator. The analysis relies on 102 countries (of which 23 industrial countries) over the period 2004-2007 (based on data availability). A focus has also been made on African countries, within the sample of developing countries. Findings The empirical analysis suggests evidence of a positive and significant effect of trade facilitation reforms on non-resources tax revenue, irrespective of the sample of countries considered in the analysis. Research limitations/implications This finding should contribute to dampening the fear of policymakers in developing countries, including Africa that the implementation of the TFA would entail higher costs, without necessarily being associated with higher benefits. An avenue for future research would be to extend the period of the study when data would be available. Originality/value To the best of the authors knowledge, this study had not been performed in the literature of the determinants of tax revenue mobilization, although fact-based analysis was performed.

Fire, people and ecosystem change in Pleistocene Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1960s, Australian scientists have speculated on the impact of human arrival on fire regimes in Australia, and on the relationship of landscape fire to extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Australia. These speculations have produced a series of contrasting hypotheses that can now be tested using evidence collected over the past two decades. In the present paper, I summarise those hypotheses and review that evidence. The main conclusions of this are that (1) the effects of people on fire regimes in the Pleistocene were modest at the continental scale, and difficult to distinguish from climatic controls on fire, (2) the arrival of people triggered extinction of Australia’s megafauna, but fire had little or no role in the extinction of those animals, which was probably due primarily to hunting and (3) megafaunal extinction is likely to have caused a cascade of changes that included increased fire, but only in some environments. We do not yet understand what environmental factors controlled the strength and nature of cascading effects of megafaunal extinction. This is an important topic for future research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Audit Committees on US Nonprofit Organizations’ Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Husam Abu-Khadra
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Impact

All public companies in the United States are required by the securities and exchange commission (SEC) to have an audit committee. Such enforcement can be attributed to high-profile corporate failures and their connections to nonexistence, ineffective or weak audit committees and governance. Despite the efforts to establish a similar argument and enforcement structure for the nonprofit sector, the internal revenue service (IRS) has not pursued legislation, and no empirical evidence has been established to support any public policy changes. This paper contributes to the literature in this field by being the first study to examine 124,980 nonprofit organizations during the period of 2010 to 2015 to test the association between governance in nonprofit organizations and audit committees. We included fifteen measures from these organizations’ IRS Form 990 filings to formulate the study variables. We found significant evidence that the existence of audit committees improves the governance scores of nonprofit organizations. Our study findings have significant implications for nonprofit executives, policy makers and any other interested parties; these findings act as preliminary evidence to support more proactive policies regarding mandatory audit committees for nonprofit organizations. 

scholarly journals The impact of litigation risk on corporate prospective disclosure: A review of the empirical literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Gallery ◽  
Jodie Nelson ◽  
Chan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Forecasts ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Litigation Risk ◽  
Management Earnings Forecasts ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Disclosure Decisions ◽  
Secondary Factor ◽  
External Governance ◽  
The Impact

We review the literature on the impact of litigation risk (a form of external governance) on corporate prospective disclosure decisions as reflected in management earnings forecasts. From this analysis we identify four key areas for future research. First, litigation risk warrants more attention from researchers; currently it tends to be treated as a secondary factor impacting MEF decisions. Second, it would be informative from a governance perspective for researchers to explore why litigation risk has a differential impact on MEF decisions across countries. Third, understanding the interaction between litigation risk and forecast/firm-specific characteristics is important from management, investor and regulatory perspectives but is currently under-explored Last, research on the litigation risk and MEF attributes link is piecemeal and incomplete, requiring more integrated and expanded analysis.

Parenting Support in the Workplace

2017 ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
Divna M. Haslam ◽  
Nicole Penman
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Successful Program ◽  
Family Demands ◽  
The Impact

Demographic changes over the last 40 years means the majority of parents are now employed in some capacity. This chapter outlines some of the challenges parents face in balancing competing work and family demands. The concept of work and family conflict is defined, and the impact of work and family conflict on individuals and families is discussed. A rationale is provided for the provision of parenting support via the workplaces as a means of improving the lives of employees and as a way of increasing population-level access to parenting support. A brief review of the efficacy of workplace parenting support is provided alongside practical examples of how to ensure successful program delivery in an organizational context. The chapter concludes with a discussion about the implications and provides some directions for future research.

The Nonprofit Starvation Cycle: Empirical Evidence From a German Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schubert ◽  
Silke Boenigk
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Organizational Infrastructure ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

The nonprofit starvation cycle describes a phenomenon in which nonprofit organizations continuously underinvest in their organizational infrastructure in response to external expectations for low overhead expenditure. In this study, we draw on nonprofit financial data from 2006 to 2015 to investigate whether the German nonprofit sector is affected by this phenomenon, specifically in the form of falling overhead ratios over time. We find reported overhead ratios to have significantly decreased among organizations without government funding and that the decrease originates from cuts in fundraising expenses—two results that are in contrast to previous findings from the U.S. nonprofit sector. With this study, we contribute to nonprofit literature by engaging in a discussion around the starvation cycle’s generalizability across contexts.

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