Measuring delayed luminescence by FES to evaluate special quality aspects of food samples – an overview

AbstractThe measuring devices which are used for measuring delayed luminescence by Fluorescence Excitation Spectroscopy (FES) are described. Results are given to show the measured emission of food samples in relation to farming practices (biodynamic, organic, or conventional) and growing conditions. This overview points to the special food-quality aspects which could be evaluated by FES. A relation to molecular structures, the physiological status, or possible physiological processes are discussed as important for the characteristic delayed luminescence after colour- (wavelength-) specific excitation.

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Factors Affecting the Fertilizer-use Decision of Maize Farmers in Ghana

Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.5539/jsd.v8n9p273 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 273 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandra Hill ◽

Barrett E. Kirwan

Keyword(s):

Property Rights ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Yield Gap ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Maize Yields ◽

Subsidy Program ◽

Growing Conditions

This work examines the factors that influence whether or not a farmer applies inorganic fertilizer in the Ghanaian context. Current maize yields in Ghana average only one-third of their estimated potential, but this yield gap can be reduced by improving farming practices and growing conditions in Ghana; specifically, yields in Ghana can likely be increased by intensifying the use of inorganic fertilizer, other inputs, and irrigation systems. Recently, Ghana introduced a fertilizer subsidy program to help increase fertilizer-use rates. This paper examines alternate instruments for increasing fertilizer use by determining farm-holder characteristics correlated with inorganic fertilizer use. The results show that the farmer's distance from the closest weekly market, whether the farmer has a pre-harvest contract, and whether the farmer has property rights on the field have a significant effect on fertilizer use.

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Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Small Particles, Big Players

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa179 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M Valter ◽

S Verstockt ◽

J A Finalet Ferreiro ◽

I Cleynen

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Cell Types ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Extracellular vesicles are nanovesicles released by many cell types into the extracellular space. They are important mediators of intercellular communication, enabling the functional transfer of molecules from one cell to another. Moreover, their molecular composition reflects the physiological status of the producing cell and tissue. Consequently, these vesicles have been involved in many [patho]physiological processes such as immunomodulation and intestinal epithelial repair, both key processes involved in inflammatory bowel disease. Given that these vesicles are present in many body fluids, they also provide opportunities for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarise functional roles of extracellular vesicles in health and disease, with a focus on immune regulation and intestinal barrier integrity, and review recent studies on extracellular vesicles and inflammatory bowel disease. We also elaborate on their clinical potential in inflammatory bowel disease.

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Delayed luminescence of seeds: are shining seeds viable?

Seed Science and Technology ◽

10.15258/sst.2020.48.2.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 167-177

Author(s):

Kehinde Adeboye ◽

Andreas Börner

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Developmental Biology ◽

Biological Materials ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Delayed Luminescence ◽

Seed Testing ◽

Analytical Studies ◽

Genebank Management ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of

Delayed luminescence (DL) has been widely studied for its applications in developmental biology and describes a phenomenon whereby biological materials radiate for a relatively long time (seconds and more) after illumination. Researchers have postulated that DL is potentially useful for determining the physiological status of biological materials, including crop seeds. Until recently this claim only remained within academia and there have been no known reports for the advancement of its use in seed testing and genebank management. This article examines the gaps in knowledge for adopting DL for seed testing by reviewing the history of DL applications in analytical studies of crop seeds and the incompletely understood mechanisms within seeds for displaying DL. We identified a need for more experimental data to validate the DL mechanisms in seeds before the procedure can be used for seed testing.

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Quality in Coriander leaves as influenced by growing conditions

Journal of Horticultural Sciences ◽

10.24154/jhs.2018.v13i02.010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 188-191

Author(s):

R Surya ◽

T Geethumol ◽

P Anitha

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Open Field ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Total Chlorophyll Content ◽

Quality Aspects ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Coriander Leaves

A study was conducted in the plains of Kerala to investigate the performance of coriander leaffor its quality aspects in open and rain shelter conditions. The study suggested that significantlyhigher herbage and biomass yield (g/ plant) was observed from plants grown in rain shelter(9.21 and 12.78) compared to the open field (8.41 and 11.34). Among the varieties, Arka Isharecorded the highest herbage and biomass yield (10.46 and 14.13g/plant) followed by CO-1(8.97and 12.70).There was a significant higher vitamin C content (mg/100g) in open field(189.72) compared to rain shelter ( 124.55) and volatile oil ranging from 0.05-0.06 % in boththe growing conditions and were on par. Total chlorophyll content was recorded more in openfield (1.98) than in rain shelter (1.92) Among the varieties, total chlorophyll was more in CO-4(2.33). However, this need to be confirmed by further studies.

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Turn-On Fluorescence Detection of Glutathione Based on o-Phthaldialdehyde-Assisted SiO2 Particles

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2018/1692702 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Polonca Nedeljko ◽

Matejka Turel ◽

Aleksandra Lobnik

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplements ◽

Silica Particle ◽

Food Samples ◽

Functionalized Silica ◽

Fluorescence Sensing ◽

Fluorometric Method ◽

Fluorescence Excitation ◽

Turn On ◽

Other Substances

We report about the fluorometric method for the determination of glutathione (GSH) in dietary supplements. The fluorometric assay is based on the use of functionalized silica particles (SiO2-SH) in combination with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA). The fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths were located at 340 nm and 430 nm. The relative fluorescence intensity was linear in the concentration range between 1.0 × 10−7 mol/L and 1.0 × 10−5 mol/L (M) with the detection limit of 3.4 × 10−7 M. The fluorescent silica particle-based sensor was successfully employed for the determination of GSH in dietary supplements with excellent recoveries. The proposed sensor may pave a new way for fluorescence sensing of other substances in food samples.

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GPCRmd uncovers the dynamics of the 3D-GPCRome

10.1101/839597 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ismael Rodríguez-Espigares ◽

Mariona Torrens-Fontanals ◽

Johanna K.S. Tiemann ◽

David Aranda-García ◽

Juan Manuel Ramírez-Anguita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Md Simulations ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Limited Information ◽

Web Based ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Conformational Landscape ◽

Approved Drugs ◽

User Friendly ◽

G Protein Coupled ◽

Established Technique

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in numerous physiological processes and are the most frequent targets of approved drugs. The explosion in the number of new 3D molecular structures of GPCRs (3D-GPCRome) during the last decade has greatly advanced the mechanistic understanding and drug design opportunities for this protein family. While experimentally-resolved structures undoubtedly provide valuable snapshots of specific GPCR conformational states, they give only limited information on their flexibility and dynamics associated with function. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become a widely established technique to explore the conformational landscape of proteins at an atomic level. However, the analysis and visualization of MD simulations requires efficient storage resources and specialized software, hence limiting the dissemination of these data to specialists in the field. Here we present the GPCRmd (http://gpcrmd.org/), an online platform that incorporates web-based visualization capabilities as well as a comprehensive and user-friendly analysis toolbox that allows scientists from different disciplines to visualize, analyse and share GPCR MD data. GPCRmd originates from a community-driven effort to create the first open, interactive, and standardized database of GPCR MD simulations. We demonstrate the power of this resource by performing comparative analyses of multiple GPCR simulations on two mechanisms critical to receptor function: internal water networks and sodium ion interaction.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES OF BELUGA AND SHIP AND THEIR INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS IN FISH-FARM CONDITIONS

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES FISHING INDUSTRY ◽

10.24143/2073-5529-2020-4-154-164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (4) ◽

pp. 154-164

Author(s):

Elena Mikhailovna Evgrafova ◽

Olga Pyatikopova ◽

Irina Bedritskaya ◽

Ekaterina Pavlovna Yakovleva ◽

Anisia Victorovna Dubovskaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Morphophysiological Indicators ◽

Sturgeon Species ◽

Experimental Base ◽

Acipenser Nudiventris ◽

Second Year ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Land Vertebrates

The objects of research are Beluga (Huso huso, Linnaeus), sturgeon spike (Acipenser nudiventris, Lovetsky) and their interspecific hybrids of artificial generation grown on the Research and Experimental Base BIOS (the Astrakhan region) by using the basin method. To assess the physiological status of fish, a set of morphophysiological indicators (absolute and relative weight of gills, heart, liver, and gonads) were used. The dynamics of the indices of the corresponding viscera of Beluga and sturgeon spike and their interspecific hybrids in the second year of cultivation was studied. The necessity for the research is explained by the fact that most work performed was carried out on land vertebrates and on fish of natural generation. There have been presented the average values of morphophysiological indices for each of the four groups of unmixed sturgeon species and their hybrids. The obtained values of the studied parameters of sturgeon species can be used for further monitoring of the fish growing conditions using the basin method.

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Severe trimming and enhanced competition of laterals as a tool to delay ripening in Tempranillo vineyards under semiarid conditions

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2016.0.0.1583 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Luis Gonzaga Santesteban ◽

Carlos Miranda ◽

Jorge Urrestarazu ◽

Maite Loidi ◽

José Bernardo Royo

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Solid Content ◽

Sugar Accumulation ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Quality Aspects ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Irrigation Levels ◽

Semiarid Conditions

Aim: An advance in grapevine phenological stages (including ripening) is occurring worldwide due to global warming and, in the hottest seasons, already results in a lack of synchrony between sugar and phenolic ripeness, leading to unbalanced wines. In order to cope with this fact, a general effort is being made by researchers and growers aiming at delaying ripening through cultural practices, particularly under warm growing conditions, where these effects are more deleterious. The aim of this work is to evaluate to which extent severe trimming and enhanced competition of laterals can delay ripening in Tempranillo vineyards under semiarid conditions.Methods and results: The experiment took place during two consecutive seasons in Traibuenas (Navarra, Spain) in a cv. ‘Tempranillo’ vineyard trained to a vertical shoot positioned (VSP) spur-pruned bilateral cordon. Severe mechanical pruning was performed ca. 3 weeks after fruit-set in order to reduce leaf-to-fruit ratio, and in the trimmed plants, three irrigation doses were applied until harvest aiming at enhancing lateral growth, hypothesized to compete with ripening. All measurements were performed in six 10-vine replicates per treatment. Trimming significantly reduced leaf area and yield, resulting in higher water availability in trimmed plants. The whole ripening process was delayed by trimming: mid-veraison was delayed by about 5 days, and the delay in sugar accumulation and acid degradation was longer, differences being more marked in malic than in tartaric acid concentration. The use of increased irrigation levels compensated the losses in yield caused by trimming, enhanced laterals’ growth and implied an additional delay in ripening.Conclusion: trimming and increased irrigation had an additive effect in terms of delaying ripening, and they can be used jointly when that delay is needed.Significance and impact of the study: this study proves the potentiality of the joint use of trimming and increased irrigation to delay ripening, although it is necessary to analyze the implications the obtained delay has on other quality aspects. The lower anthocyanin and phenolic values observed in trimmed vines were not solely due to delayed ripening, as lower values were observed even when data were compared for a given total soluble solid content.

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Rapid Detection of Single Cell Bacteria as a Novel Approach in Food Microbiology

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/85.4.979 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 979-983 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Eva D′Haese ◽

Hans J Nelis

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Membrane Filter ◽

Food Samples ◽

Food Microbiology ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Microbial Count ◽

Slow Growing

Abstract Solid-phase cytometry (SPC) is a novel technique that allows rapid detection of bacteria at the single cell level, without the need for a growth phase. After filtration of the sample, the retained microorganisms are fluorescently labeled on the membrane filter and automatically counted by a laser scanning device. Each fluorescent spot can be visually inspected with an epifluorescence microscope connected to the ChemScan by a computer-driven moving stage. Depending on the fluorogenic labels used, information on the identity and the physiological status of the microorganisms can be obtained within a few hours. Although SPC was originally recommended for the determination of the total viable microbial count in water and other liquid samples, it may also be a promising technique for the detection and enumeration of bacteria in food samples, provided they can be isolated from the unfilterable matrix. The short detection time inherent in this approach is a considerable advantage over conventional plate counting, especially for slow-growing microorganisms. The basic principles of SPC are discussed as well as its potential for the detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, a model example of a slow-growing bacterium in milk.

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Bioindicators of the constants of homeostasis of the internal environment of crustaceans, cultured in different environmental conditions for the purpose of obtaining commodity products

Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries) ◽

10.33920/sel-09-2110-05 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-69

Author(s):

Lina Yuryevna Lagutkina ◽

Aliya Baymuratovna Akhmedzhanova ◽

Sergey Vladimirovich Ponomarev ◽

Alexander Sergeevich Martyanov

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

The State ◽

Warm Water ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Internal Environment ◽

Red Claw Crayfish ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

High Level ◽

High Degree ◽

State Of The Environment

The study of the composition and properties of the internal environment (hemolymph) of crustaceans grown in various conditions has an important ecological and physiological aspect, since a number of characteristics of the physiological status of objects can be used to assess the state of the environment, thus, they can be included in the number of bioindicators. However, the nature of the observed differences between objects grown under different conditions, the features of homeostatic regulatory mechanisms and the limits of the reference values of individual homeostasis constants are often not known. To formulate recommendations regarding the technological process of growing objects of warm-water aquaculture, taking into account the assessment of environmental conditions in dynamics through the analysis of indicators of the state of individuals — bioindicators — it is necessary to compare the state of individuals kept in different conditions. The object of the study was the Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868), cultivated under various conditions of intensive and semi-intensive cultivation. The studies have revealed that throughout the entire period of cultivation, individuals grown in ponds retained a high level of total protein, cholesterol and β-lipoproteins, in contrast to crayfish cultivated in pools. The values of these indicators as bioindicators indicate a high degree of compliance of the growing conditions with the needs of the studied object. Comparative assessment of fluctuations in the ratio of hemolymph shaped elements in the hemocyte composition between cancers grown under different conditions did not reveal significant differences. It was found that significantly higher growth rates are characteristic of crayfish grown in ponds, in contrast to the group of individuals cultivated in pools. The comparative analysis of bioindicators in different growing conditions presented by the authors of the article supplements information that is of significant interest for monitoring the growing conditions of this representative of warm water aquaculture, which will be valuable for specialists engaged in crustacean breeding.

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