scholarly journals Media Bias: A Corpus-based Linguistic Analysis of Online Iranian Coverage of the Syrian Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 584-600
Author(s):  
Amaal Al-Gamde ◽  
Thora Tenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Critical Time ◽  
Media Bias ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
News Agency ◽  
News Discourse ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government ◽  
Syrian Revolution

AbstractThis study explores the influence of a government’s ideology on linguistic representation in a news agency that characterizes itself as independent. It focuses on the coverage of the Syrian civil war as reported by the Iranian news agency Fars, addressing the discursive constructions of anti-government powers in relevant online reports released between 2013 and 2015. Since the Islamic Republic of Iran was a major regional ally of the Syrian government, we questioned the extent to which ideological independence could be expected during a politically critical time frame. Taking a corpus-based linguistic approach, the study explores the semantic macrostructures representing the opposition as well as the lexical clusters and keywords characterizing the news discourse. The findings indicate that Fars’ representation of the Syrian Revolution was, to some extent, biased, despite its claimed independence of the government’s political stance. It excluded the Sunni social actors, suppressed the Islamic faction identity of the rebels and depicted the uprising as a war against foreign-backed militants. The rebels were stereotyped in terms of terrorism and non-Syrians. In addition, the analysis reveals Fars’ tendency to emphasize the power of the government, depicting it as the defender of the Arab land and foregrounding the discourse of international conspiracy against Syria. The results of this work project the dimension of media bias caused by the underpinning political perspective of media institutions.

scholarly journals Lack of drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia for auditory fear memories in rats

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Luyten ◽  
Anna Elisabeth Schnell ◽  
Natalie Schroyens ◽  
Tom Beckers
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Permanent Storage

Abstract Background Long-term memory formation is generally assumed to involve the permanent storage of recently acquired memories, making them relatively insensitive to disruption, a process referred to as memory consolidation. However, when retrieved under specific circumstances, consolidated fear memories are thought to return to a labile state, thereby opening a window for modification (e.g., attenuation) of the memory. Several interventions during a critical time frame after this destabilization seem to be able to alter the retrieved memory, for example by pharmacologically interfering with the restabilization process, either by direct protein synthesis inhibition or indirectly, using drugs that can be safely administered in patients (e.g., propranolol). Here, we find that, contrary to expectations, systemic pharmacological manipulations in auditory fear-conditioned rats do not lead to drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia. Results In a series of well-powered auditory fear conditioning experiments (four with propranolol, 10 mg/kg, two with rapamycin, 20–40 mg/kg, one with anisomycin, 150 mg/kg and cycloheximide, 1.5 mg/kg), we found no evidence for reduced cued fear memory expression during a drug-free test in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats that had previously received a systemic drug injection upon retrieval of the tone fear memory. All experiments used standard fear conditioning and reactivation procedures with freezing as the behavioral read-out (conceptual or exact replications of published reports) and common pharmacological agents. Additional tests confirmed that the applied drug doses and administration routes were effective in inducing their conventional effects on expression of fear (propranolol, acutely), body weight (rapamycin, anisomycin, cycloheximide), and consolidation of extinction memories (cycloheximide). Conclusions In contrast with previously published studies, we did not find evidence for drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia, underlining that this effect, as well as its clinical applicability, may be considerably more constrained and less readily reproduced than what the current literature would suggest.

Cultural Policies and the Islamic Republic: Cinema and Book Publication

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sussan Siavoshi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government ◽  
Iranian State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Book Publication

The evolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the dynamics of the relationship between the Iranian state and society can be explored by examining the postrevolutionary regime's policies toward intellectuals, particularly as expressed in its regulation of cinema and book publication. This relationship—at least in the period from the early 1980s to the early 1990s—was complex and nuanced. Factionalism within the regime provided an opportunity for intellectuals to engage the state in a process of negotiation and protest, cooperation and defiance, in pushing the boundaries of permitted self-expression. The degree of their success depended in part on which faction controlled the government and its regulatory agencies during particular phases in the evolution of the postrevolutionary regime.

scholarly journals Prioritized list of health services in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
B. Larijani ◽  
O. Ameli ◽  
K. Alizadeh ◽  
S. R. Mirsharifi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government

We aimed to provide a prioritized list of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and their appropriate classification based on a cost-benefit analysis. Functional benchmarking was used to select a rationing model. Teams of qualified specialists working in community hospitals scored procedures from CPTTM according to their cost and benefit elements. The prioritized list of services model of Oregon, United States of America was selected as the functional benchmark. In contrast to its benchmark, our country’s prioritized list of services is primarily designed to help the government in policy-making with the rationing of health care resources, especially for hospitals

scholarly journals KHOMEINI’S POLITICAL-RELIGIOUS APPROACH OF THE ‘IRANIAN NATION’

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Bogdana Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
East Central ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Main Influence

The geographical position of Iran as a transit country between the Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus, makes the Islamic Republic of Iran a new geostrategic factor with main influence to the future of the Islamic world and international world system. The Welayat-e-Faqih imposes serious changes in the government and society. Renovation of Islamic dogmas and their adaptation to changing conditions of the social-political life is the challenge to the Shiite clergy, who firmly follow the practices established by Imam Khomeini. His revolution carries not only the spirit of the Iranian modernization but also the pathos of social democracy. The “Theo-democratic” government is based on both the Islamic and democratic principles, and it can be said that due to the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini, a unique new project – the national-Iranian project is arguably developed. There are the three aims of this project: the territorial integrity, national sovereignty and national prosperity of the country, intended to protect Muslims and establish Islamic government based on the Shi’ite principles. The Islamic revolution is an important event worldwide. It makes us rethink the current relation religion – politics, giving the first serious notice of taking political power by Islam.

The “New Turkey” At Home and Abroad

2018 ◽  
pp. 625-648
Author(s):  
Asli Ü. Bâli
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the reversal of Turkey’s trajectory over the last fifteen years. It addresses the domestic transformation of Turkey through constitutional reforms, shifting civil–military relations, economic growth, corruption, ethnic conflict, and the relationship between religion and state. Examining these issues helps to explain why Turkish politics has become more polarized, and how this has been manipulated by the governing party to consolidate a majoritarian system and to crack down on dissent. The chapter then traces changes in Turkey’s foreign policy as it moves away from prioritizing relations with Washington and Brussels and seeks to forge a more multifaceted set of regional policies. This has failed for a number of reasons, including the Arab uprisings and the Syrian civil war. Instead, the government has embraced a “Eurasianist” turn aligning Turkey with authoritarian regimes in the Caucasus and the Arabian Gulf, in keeping with the country’s increasingly repressive domestic politics.

Shariah Punishments in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2019 ◽  
pp. 306-309
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Ayatollah Khomeini ◽  
The Government ◽  
Civil Laws

Iran’s experience of Islamic criminal law is closely connected with Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution of 1979. A new constitution and a set of criminal and civil laws were introduced in the early 1980s and eventually culminated in introduction of the Islamic Penal Code 2013. This chapter provides an overview of that code and its provisions on Islamic punishments, the controversies it has generated, and how the legislative bodies and the government took measures to address them.

Role of Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control of Tax Payers in Acceptance of E-Tax Payment System

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Keramati ◽  
H. Javadi Sharif ◽  
Naser Azad ◽  
Rahman Soofifard
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Electronic Interactions ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Payers

Organizations have found that traditional ways of business respond no longer to new environmental conditions and have decided to put aside their traditional ways by capitalizing on new opportunities resulting from growth and development of information technology, reconsider their activities and design them efficiently. The law of value added tax (VAT) after being passed from 23 September 2008 and by utilizing capabilities of information and communication technology (ICT), by establishing internet system for carrying out electronic interactions between citizens (taxpayers of this tax system) and the Government has been implemented. One serious challenge facing these organizations is awareness of factors that play an effective role in acceptance of users of these systems. Using inferential statistical methods and by collecting questionnaire information in a sample comprising 299 tax payer (users of first stage of VAT system in Islamic Republic of Iran, Markazi province) which forms statistical society of this study and by employing mental norms factors and perceived behavioral control from theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study determines acceptance factors of this system on the part of users. Results from analysis of data in determining degree of significance level and Spearman Correlation Coefficient to test the hypotheses, factors of External Influence, Interpersonal Influence, Self-Efficacy, and facilitating Condition, are identified.

scholarly journals Biology and bionomics of malaria vectors in India: existing information and what more needs to be known for strategizing elimination of malaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarala K. Subbarao ◽  
Nutan Nanda ◽  
Manju Rahi ◽  
Kamaraju Raghavendra
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Framework ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

AbstractIndia has committed to eliminate malaria by 2030. The national framework for malaria elimination released by the Government of India plans to achieve this goal through strategic planning in a phased manner. Since vector control is a major component of disease management and vector elimination, it requires a thorough understanding of the biology and bionomics of malaria vectors exhibiting definite distribution patterns in diverse ecosystems in the country. Although a wealth of information is available on these aspects, lesser-known data are on biting time and rhythm, and the magnitude of outdoor transmission by the vectors which are crucial for effective implementation of the key vector control interventions. Most of the data available for the vector species are at sensu lato level, while the major vectors are species complexes and their members distinctly differ in biological characters. Furthermore, the persistent use of insecticides in indoor residual spray and long-lasting insecticidal nets has resulted in widespread resistance in vectors and changes in their behaviour. In this document, challenges in vector control in the Indian context have been identified and possible solutions to overcome the problem are suggested. Adequate addressing of the issues raised would greatly help make a deep dent in malaria transmission and consequently result in disease elimination within the targeted time frame.

scholarly journals The Future of Crises in South Caucasus in the Wake of Russia-West Conflicts

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Mohammad Dejkam ◽  
Yaghoub-Ali Olad ◽  
Mohammad Fatemi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Main Question ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The West ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ukraine Crisis

South Caucasus region due to various reasons including ethnic diversity, religions and geographical position has long been witnessing various crises such as Karabakh and south Ossetia crisis. Among these, Karabakh crisis has a direct impact on the national interests of Islamic republic of Iran; because, this crisis has been developed in the northern borders of Iran and between the two countries of Azerbaijan and Armenia that in addition to neighboring Iran, both share some historical, cultural, ethnic, and even religious commonalities with Iranian people. In this study, the main question is that in case of failure of the West in confrontation with Russia in Ukraine, Syria, and Iraq, will the West, to compensate its failure, use these crises of the South Caucasus region to inflict the security and interests of Russia? Almost certainly, if the victories of Russian-oriented groups in different areas of the Ukraine crisis as well as the occurrence of significant victories for the government and the people of Syria and Iraq in fighting terrorism such as ISIS and Al-Nusra groups particularly success in reclaiming the occupied cities from terrorists, the West will surely take actions against interests and security of Russia. The triggering one of the dormant crises of south Caucasus by the west is more likely than other crises exist within the borders of the Russian federation and central Asia.

Expat pay and compensation: fair or not fair?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-186
Author(s):  
David Desplaces ◽  
Steven W. Congden
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
International Management ◽  
Negotiation Strategy ◽  
International Context ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Upper Level

Synopsis The manager of engineering at Palm Oasis Engineering in Dubai expressed dissatisfaction with his compensation. The uncertainty of his continued participation at a key position came at a critical time for the company. This case provides an event for the analysis of HRM issues of a small company in a nontraditional, international context. Real and perceptual issues surrounding expatriate employee compensation, including wages and benefits relative to home country, cost indices, inflation, and currency fluctuations, are analyzed. Motivation and negotiation strategy are also examined. Research methodology This case has been disguised to protect the anonymity of the company and key individuals. The industry, name of the company, and names of personnel have been changed. The authors were granted access to key personnel at the company during a limited time frame. Relevant courses and levels This case is designed for upper level, undergraduate international management, international human resource management, and human resource management courses. The case is designed as a mid-semester decision-based case that allows students to apply concepts on motivation, human resource management, and negotiation.

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